外源施用磷肥缓解小麦镉积累的效应

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨外源施用磷肥对小麦镉（Cd）积累的影响，通过土壤盆栽试验研究在Cd（4 mg/kg）胁迫条件下，外源施用磷肥对土壤Cd有效性及小麦各生育时期（拔节期、扬花期和成熟期）Cd吸收和积累的影响。结果表明，外源供磷处理［P150（磷酸二氢钾，以P₂O₅计，150 mg/kg）、P600（磷酸二氢钾，以P2O5计，600 mg/kg）］显著增加了土壤速效磷含量，并随小麦生育时期呈现降低趋势；整体上显著降低了土壤有效态Cd含量，在拔节期、扬花期及成熟期分别下降了23.02%和28.79%、22.66%和36.73%、29.41%和28.53%。与不施磷（P0）处理相比，P150处理小麦生物量最高，表明在Cd胁迫条件下，过量施用磷肥不能继续增加小麦生物量。Cd胁迫条件下，外源供磷（P150和P600）处理主要降低了小麦根系Cd含量，在拔节期、扬花期及成熟期分别下降了20.40%和13.32%、1.81%和30.73%、14.80%和32.01%。外源施用磷肥显著降低成熟期Cd由根系向籽粒的转移，与不施磷处理相比，根系向籽粒的转移系数分别下降了48.72%、42.32%。综上所述，外源施用磷肥降低了土壤有效态Cd含量，通过减少小麦根系对Cd的吸收以及成熟期Cd向籽粒的转运，显著缓解了Cd对小麦的毒害，并提高了小麦生物量。

关键词: 小麦, 磷肥, 镉积累, 吸收, 缓解

Abstract: A soil pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous application of phosphate fertilizer on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium(Cd)by wheat in soils contaminated with Cd(4 mg/kg)during different growth stages(jointing，flowering and mature stages).The results showed that exogenous phosphorus supply[P150(potassium dihydrogen phosphate，150 mg/kg of phosphorus pentoxide),P600(potassium dihydrogen phosphate，600 mg/kg of phosphorus pentoxide)]significantly increased soil available phosphorus content,which showed a decreasing trend with wheat growth stages.The overall effective Cd content in the soil was significantly reduced,with a decrease of 23.02% and 28.79%,22.66% and 36.73%,29.41% and 28.53% respectively during the jointing,flowering,and mature stages.Compared with no phosphorus(P0)treatment,the biomass of wheat under P150 treatment was the highest,indicating that under the condition of Cd stress,excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer could not continue to increase wheat biomass. Under Cd stress，exogenous phosphorus(P150 and P600)treatment mainly reduced the Cd content in wheat roots,which decreased by 20.40% and 13.32% at jointing stage,1.81% and 30.73% at flowering stage,14.80% and 32.01% at mature stage,respectively.At the same time,exogenous application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to grains at mature stage,which decreased by 48.72% and 42.32%,respectively. In summary，exogenous application of phosphorus fertilizer reduced the soil available Cd content,significantly alleviated the toxicity of Cd to wheat by reducing the absorption of Cd by roots and the transfer of Cd to grains at mature stage,and increased the biomass of wheat under a certain phosphorus supply level.

Key words: Wheat, Phosphate fertilizer, Cadmium accumulation, Absorption, Mitigation

中图分类号:

S512.1

王俊, 李广鑫, 李畅, 刘红恩, 高巍, 秦世玉, 王龙, 睢福庆, 冯洋, 赵鹏. 外源施用磷肥缓解小麦镉积累的效应[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(3): 78-86.

WANG Jun, LI Guangxin, LI Chang, LIU Hongen, GAO Wei, QIN Shiyu, WANG Long, SUI Fuqing, FENG Yang, ZHAO Peng. Mitigation Effect of Exogenous Application of Phosphate Fertilizer on Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(3): 78-86.

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