河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 12-25.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.002

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对小麦不同生育时期不同器官氮锌吸收、积累与分配的影响

郭芳芳1,韩亚倩1,周苏玫1,杜西河1,宋淼1,张洁梅1,黄源1,胡乃月1,臧贺藏2,杨习文1
  

  1. (1.河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南郑州450046;2.河南省农业科学院,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-15 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 杨习文(1975-),男,湖南岳阳人,副教授,博士,主要从事小麦优质高产高效栽培方面的教学科研工作。E-mail:yangxiwen@henau.edu.cn。臧贺藏同为通信作者
  • 作者简介:郭芳芳(1995-),女,河南洛阳人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:小麦生理生态。E-mail:1208158630@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300802)

Effect of Different N Application Rates on Absorption,Accumulation and Distribution of N and Zn in Different Organs in Wheat at  Different Growth Stages

GUO Fangfang1,HAN Yaqian1,ZHOU Sumei1,DU Xihe1,SONG Miao1,ZHANG Jiemei1,HUANG Yuan1,HU Naiyue1,ZANG Hecang2,YANG Xiwen1   

  1. (1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co‑Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046,China;2.Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2023-02-15 Published:2023-03-15 Online:2023-04-14

摘要: 以商麦156(豫审麦201501)、百农418(豫审麦2015014)、百农207(国审麦2013010)和开麦21(豫审麦2011017)4个小麦品种为材料,探讨2019—2021年施氮量[0(N1)、135(N2)、270 kg/hm2(N3)]对小麦不同生育时期不同器官氮锌吸收、积累与分配的影响,揭示不同施氮量下小麦不同生育时期不同器官的氮锌积累量变化规律。结果表明,小麦地上部氮积累量表现为开花期前叶最高;地上部锌积累量表现为拔节期前叶最高,开花期茎最高;地上部氮、锌积累量在灌浆期、成熟期均为穗部籽粒最高;根氮积累量在返青期前集中于初生根,返青期后逐渐转入次生根;根锌积累量在冬前期前集中于初生根,冬前期后逐渐转入次生根;不同器官在不同生育时期对氮锌的吸收具有协同效应;增施氮肥可显著提高不同生育时期不同器官中氮锌积累量。N1、N2、N3处理不同营养器官对籽粒氮的贡献率之和分别为84.32%、77.36%、91.32%,穗上、中、下部籽粒通过再分配获得的锌分别占穗上、中、下部籽粒总锌吸收量的35.68%、32.87%、34.50%。在施氮量小于270 kg/hm2 时,生育前中期氮锌积累量主要集中于根、叶、茎、颖壳等器官中,生育后期通过再分配转移到籽粒中;增施氮肥可显著增加小麦不同生育时期不同器官氮锌积累量;籽粒通过再分配获得的氮、锌分别占84.02%、33.94%。籽粒氮主要来自营养器官的再分配,氮的可移动性较强;锌的可移动性较弱,增加氮肥施用量可增加不同营养器官对穗上、中、下部籽粒锌的再分配,且再分配转移到穗中部籽粒的锌小于穗上部和穗下部籽粒。

关键词: 小麦, 施氮量, 氮积累量, 锌积累量, 氮吸收转移, 锌吸收转移

Abstract: Four wheat cultivars were used,including Shangmai 156(Henan provincial authorized cultivar 2015011),Bainong 418(Henan provincial authorized cultivar 2015014),Bainong 207(National authorized cultivar 2013010)and Kaimai 21(Henan provincial authorized cultivar 2011017),the effect of nitrogen(N)rates[0 kg/ha(N1),135 kg/ha(N2),270 kg/ha(N3)]on the absorption,accumulation and transfer of N and zinc(Zn) of wheat in different organs at different stages in 2019—2021 was investigated,so as to reveal the change pattern of N and Zn accumulation in different organs of wheat under different N rates at different growth stages.The results showed that N accumulation was the highest in leaf before anthesis stage in aboveground part,and Zn accumulation in aboveground part was the highest in leaf before jointing stage,and in stem at anthesis.Aboveground N and Zn accumulation was the highest in spike at filling and mature stages.N accumulation in roots was concentrated in seminal roots before the regreening stage,and gradually shifted to nodal roots after the regreening stage.Zn accumulation in roots was concentrated in seminal roots before pre‑winter,and gradually shifted to nodal roots after pre‑winter. N and Zn absorption had synergistic effect.N and Zn accumulation in different organs at different growth stages increased significantly with the increase of N rate.The sums of the contribution rates of different nutrient organs to grain N under N1,N2 and N3 treatments were 84.32%,77.36% and 91.32%,respectively,and the Zn accumulation obtained through redistribution in the upper,middle and lower grains of spike accounted for 35.68%,32.87% and 34.50% of the total Zn absorption in the upper,middle and lower grains of spike,respectively.Under the condition of this experiment,when N rate<270 kg/ha,the accumulation of N and Zn was mainly concentrated in organs such as roots,leaves,stems and glumes in the early and middle growth stages,and transferred to the grain through redistribution in the later growth stages;increase of N rate significantly increased N and Zn accumulation in different organs of wheat at different growth stages;the grain obtained 84.02% and 33.94% of N and Zn,respectively,through redistribution.Grain N mainly came from the redistribution of nutrient organs,and the mobility of N was stronger;the mobility of Zn was weaker,and increase of N rate increased the redistribution of Zn from different nutrient organs to the upper,middle and lower grains of spike,and the redistribution shifted less Zn to the middle grain of spike than the upper and lower grains of spike.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrogen Rate, Nitrogen accumulation, Zn accumulation, Absorption and transfer of nitrogen, Absorption and transfer of Zn

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