河南农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 37-45.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

内地棉区优势棉花资源评价及其在新疆棉花育种中的应用

唐中杰,谢德意,于跃波,房卫平,路风银   

  1. (河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-08 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 路风银(1968-),男,河南郑州人,研究员,硕士,主要从事作物育种及成果转化工作。E-mail:LFY1968@163.com
  • 作者简介:唐中杰(1975-),男,河南漯河人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事棉花遗传育种研究。E-mail:13938460470@139.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2023TD39);中原学者工作站项目(234400510001)

Evaluation of Inland Superior Cotton Resources and Their Application in Xinjiang Cotton Breeding

TANG Zhongjie,XIE Deyi,YU Yuebo,FANG Weiping,LU Fengyin   

  1. (Institute of Industrial Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2023-03-08 Published:2024-02-15 Online:2024-03-19

摘要: 为了综合利用内地棉区棉花资源,破解新疆棉花遗传基础狭窄、同质化严重等育种瓶颈难题,更好地培育适合新疆全程机械化的高产稳产棉花新品种,以160份内地棉区棉花资源为材料,在新疆库尔勒进行生物学性状鉴定,采用相关分析、聚类分析等指导新疆棉花育种亲本选配、系统选育,并应用GGE双标图对后代品系的丰产性、稳产性进行综合评价。结果表明,内地棉区棉花资源在新疆种植表现有地域性差异,来源地与新疆试点维度相近的生态区棉花资源有较好的适应性,其灰色聚类评估分也相应偏高。其中,78份优势棉花资源遗传变异丰富,在欧氏距离11.486处可划分为四大类群,以黄河流域棉区资源为主的第Ⅲ类群整体表现最好,可以作为新疆利用内地棉花资源的特征类群。主成分分析表明,第1主成分的特征值和方差贡献率最大,是与丰产性相关的综合因子,是综合衡量棉花资源优劣的依据。依据GGE双标图对以内地优势棉花资源为亲本的16个后代品系的丰产性、稳产性进行评价,优选出既高产又稳产的目标棉花品系M5。

关键词: 棉花, 内地棉区, 种质资源, 评价, 新疆, 育种

Abstract: The aim is to comprehensively utilize inland cotton resources,solve the problems involved in Xinjiang cotton breeding,such as narrow genetic basis and serious homogenization,and cultivate new cotton varieties with high and stable yield that are more suitable for whole⁃process mechanization in Xinjiang. Using 160 inland cotton resources as materials,the identification of biological characteristics was conducted in Korla,Xinjiang. The parental selection and systematic selection of cotton breeding in Xinjiang were guided through correlation and cluster analysis. The yield potential and stability of progeny strains were comprehensively evaluated by the mean of GGE biplot.The results showed that there were regional differences in the cultivation of inland cotton resources in Xinjiang. The cotton resources with a dimension of origin similar to that of the Xinjiang pilot showed excellent adaptability. Its grey clustering evaluation got a high score.78 superior resources showed rich genetic variation.These resources were divided into four groups at 11.486 of Euclidean distance.The third group mainly composed of cotton resources from the Yellow River basin showed the best performance. Therefore,the third group was considered the characteristic group for the utilization of inland cotton resources in Xinjiang. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the first principal component had the largest characteristic value and the highest variance contribution rate. As a comprehensive factor related to yield potential,it can be used as the basis for comprehensively evaluating the quality of cotton resources.Finally,the yield potential and stability of 16 progeny strains with inland superior resources as parents were evaluated according to the GGE biplot,and the target cotton line M5 with yield potential and stability was selected.

Key words: Cotton, Inland cotton region, Germplasm resource, Evaluation, Xinjiang, Breeding

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