河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 31-41.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

耐直播粳稻种质资源筛选及其适宜种植密度研究

王付华1,李锐2,张骐飞1,马梦娟1,付景1,杨文博1,王生轩1,王越涛1,白涛1,尹海庆1,王亚1
  

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南 郑州 450002;2.郑州大学农学院,河南 郑州 450001)
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-27 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 尹海庆(1965-),男,河南南阳人,研究员,主要从事水稻遗传育种研究。E-mail:yinhq98@163.com 王亚(1984-),女,河南舞钢人,副研究员,博士,主要从事水稻遗传育种研究。E-mail:wangya840212@163.com
  • 作者简介:王付华(1966-),男,湖南永州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事水稻遗传育种研究。E-mail:wangfuhuahunan@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发专项(231111110500);河南省水稻产业技术体系项目(HARS-22-03-S);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队
    项目(2023TD29);河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作项目(2023JC05);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC015)

Screening of Japonica Rice Germplasms Suitable for Direct Sowing and Their Optimal Planting Densit

WANG Fuhua1,LI Rui2,ZHANG Qifei1,MA Mengjuan1,FU Jing1,YANG Wenbo1,WANG Shengxuan1,WANG Yuetao1,BAI Tao1,YIN Haiqing1,WANG Ya1   

  1. (1.Institute of Cereal Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
  • Received:2023-06-27 Published:2023-12-15 Online:2024-01-05

摘要: 为筛选适合河南省稻区种植的耐直播粳稻种质,对2 000份粳稻种质资源进行大田直播,分析出苗能力、始穗期、株高和产量等性状,初筛耐直播种质,然后通过考种进一步筛选耐直播高产种质,再通过始穗期、产量及其相关性状比较进一步筛选耐直播高产种质,并研究种植密度[80 kg/hm2(T1)、100 kg/hm2(T2)、120 kg/hm2(T3)和140 kg/hm2(T4)]对其产量及其构成因素的影响,确定适宜种植密度及最终的耐直播高产种质。结果表明,2 000份粳稻种质中,出苗能力分级为1级的种质8份(0.40%)、3级85份(4.25%)、5级1 762份(88.10%)、7级102份(5.10%)、9级43份(2.15%),平均出苗能力分级为5.09,不同地理来源种质平均出苗能力分级在4.82~5.46。随种质地理来源纬度降低,始穗期延迟。黑龙江省、吉林省、内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区和宁夏回族自治区等地来源种质始穗期一般在8月15日之前,平均播始历期分别为47.5 d、54.9 d、54.8 d、57.8 d和59.7 d;辽宁省、日本和韩国、北京市和河北省来源种质始穗期一般在8月20—25日,平均播始历期分别为65.8 d、66.4 d、68.9 d和68.1 d;来自山东省、河南省、江苏省和云南省的种质大多数不能正常抽穗,占比48.33% ~ 79.04%,能抽穗的种质始穗期大多在8月25日之后,平均播始历期分别为72.0 d、78.2 d、77.8 d和75.2 d。田间初步筛选出苗能力分级不低于7级,始穗期8月15日—9月4日,株高115 cm以下,无倒伏现象,无稻瘟病、纹枯病等,丰产性较好的种质194份。测产考种筛选出结实率高于80%、产量较高的耐直播种质150份。150份种质的出苗能力分级以5级为主,其中3级3份(2.0%),5级135份(90.0%),7级12份(8.0%);始穗期介于8月21日—9月4日;来源于辽宁省、河北省、山东省、河南省和江苏省5省,种质份数分别为116份(77.3%)、11份(7.3%)、7份(4.7%)、7份(4.7%)和9份(6.0%);辽宁省来源种质平均产量最高,达9 286.5 kg/hm2,河北省、山东省、河南省和江苏省来源种质平均产量分别为6 390.0 kg/hm2、7 053.0 kg/hm2、6 432.0 kg/hm2和7 054.5 kg/hm2。鉴于150份耐直播种质中,辽宁省来源种质产量性状表现突出,从辽宁省来源耐直播种质中筛选株高不超过110 cm、始穗期8月20—30日、产量较高的种质76份,并对其进行适宜种植密度研究,发现随种植密度增加,基本苗数、穗数显著增加;T3、T4处理总颖花数显著高于T1、T2处理;T1、T2、T3、T4处理产量分别为7 621.20、7 735.35、8 003.25、7 961.10 kg/hm2,T3和T4处理产量显著高于T1和T2处理,T3处理产量最高。在T3处理下从76份种质中筛选出耐直播高产种质14份,其中较对照郑旱10号增产的种质9份,分别是辽星13、辽粳9号、营9207、丹粳12、锦稻105、辽星15、美锋1号、辽盐糯10号、祥丰00-93,分别较对照增产17.72%、7.75%、6.61%、6.15%、3.46%、3.16%、1.87%、1.27%、0.93%,这些种质可用于河南省及邻近地区粳稻耐直播育种,其中辽星13产量达11 018.0 kg/hm2,表现高产,可直接应用。

关键词: 粳稻, 种质资源, 耐直播, 种植密度, 筛选

Abstract: To identify rice germplasms suitable for direct sowing in Henan Province,two thousand japonica germplasm resources were used to directly sow,the traits including seedling emergence ability,initial heading date,plant height and yield,etc. ,were analyzed,the germplasms suitable for direct sowing were preliminarily screened. The germplasms suitable for direct sowing were screened again by analyzing yield related traits,and then the germplasms suitable for direct sowing were further screened by analyzing initial heading date and yield related traits. Meanwhile,the effect of planting density[80 kg/ha(T1),100 kg/ha(T2),120 kg/ha(T3)and 140 kg/ha(T4)]on yield and its component was analyzed,and the optimal planting density and final rice germplasms suitable for direct sowing with high yield were determined. The results showed that 8(0.40%),85(4.25%),1 762(88.10%),102(5.10%)and 43(2.15%)germplasms were graded into class 1,3,5,7 and 9 according to the seedling emergence ability(SEA)among two thousand japonica germplasms. Average grade of SEA was 5.09,and grades of SEA of germplasms from distinct geographical regions ranged from 4.82 to 5.46.The initial heading date delayed with the decrease of latitude of geographical regions where the germplasms derived.The initial heading dates of germplasms from Heilongjiang,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang and Ningxia were generally before August 15th,with average days from sowing to initial heading(DTSH)of 47.5 d,54.9 d,54.8 d,57.8 d and 59.7 d respectively;the initial heading dates of germplasms from Liaoning Province,Japan and Korea,Beijing City,as well as Hebei Province were generally between August 20th to August 25th,with average DTSH of 65.8 d,66.4 d,68.9 d and 68.1 d,respectively;the majority of germplasms(48.33%—79.04%)from Shandong,Henan,Jiangsu and Yunnan failed to head,while the initial heading dates of germplasms which could head generally after August 25th,with average DTSH of 72.0 d,78.2 d,77.8 d and 75.2 d,respectively.A total of 194 germplasms were preliminarily screened with SEA less than class 7,initial heading date between August 15th and September 4th,plant height below 115 cm,no lodging,blast,sheath blight diseases and high yield.Then,a total of 150 germplasms suitable for direct sowing were identified with setting rate more than 80% and high yield by investigation of yield related traits. Majority of 150 germplasms were graded into class 5 according to SEA,and 3(2.0%),135(90.0%)and 12(8.0%)germplasms were graded into class 3,5 and 7,respectively;initial heading dates of 150 germplasms ranged from August 24th to September 4th;116,11,7,7 and 9 germplasms were derived from Liaoning,Hebei,Shandong,Henan and Jiangsu,accounting for 77.3%,7.3%,4.7%,4.7%and 6.0%,respectively;the average yield of germplasms from Liaoning Province was the highest with 9 286.5 kg/ha,and the average yields of germplasms from Hebei,Shandong,Henan and Jiangsu were 6 390.0 kg/ha,7 053.0 kg/ha,6 432.0 kg/ha and 7 054.5 kg/ha,respectively.Given the outstanding yield performances of germplasms from Lioaning Province among the above selected 150 germplasms,a total of 76 germplasms from Lioaning Province with plant height less than 110 cm,initial heading date between August 20th and August 30th,and high yield,were selected to study the optimum planting density.It showed that the number of basic seedlings and panicles significantly increased with the increase of plant density;the total spikelet numbers of T3 and T4 treatments significantly higher than those of T1 and T2 treatments;the yields of T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments were 7 621.20 kg/ha,7 735.35 kg/ha,8 003.25 kg/ha and 7 961.10 kg/ha,respectively,the yields of T3 and T4 treatments were significantly higher than those of T1 and T2 treatments,and the yield of T3 treatment was the highest.Finally,a total of 14 germplasms suitable for direct sowing were screened under T3 treatment. Among them,the yields of 9 germplasms,including Liaoxing 13,Liaojing 9,Ying 9207,Danjing 12,Jindao105,Liaoxing15,Meifeng 1,Liaoyannuo 10 and Xiangfeng 00‐93,were significantly higher than that of control(Zhenghan 10),with the corresponding increase rates of 17.72%,7.75%,6.61%,6.15%,3.46%,3.16%,1.87%,1.27% and 0.93%,respectively compared with the control.These germplasms could be used for japonica rice direct sowing tolerant breeding in Henan and its neighboring areas,and Liaoxing 13 with the highest yield of 11 018.0 kg/ha could be directly applied to direct sowing in Henan Province.

Key words: Japanica rice, Germplasm resources, Suitable for direct sowing, Planting density, Screening

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