河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 12-21.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.002

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥运筹对豫南地区优质食味粳稻产量和品质的影响

雷振山,李猛,卫云飞,刘秋员,刘娟,王付娟,季新   

  1. (信阳市水稻遗传改良与生理生态重点实验室/信阳市优质稻米工程技术研究中心/信阳农林学院,河南 信阳 464000)
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-11 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 季新(1989-),男,河南信阳人,讲师,博士,主要从事水稻优质高产栽培技术研究。E-mail:jixin@xyafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:雷振山(1974-),男,河南罗山人,副教授,硕士,主要从事水稻生理生态研究。E-mail:1179791878@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32201701);河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110129);信阳市创新应用专项(20210006);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A210009,22B210010);信阳农林学院青年教师科研基金项目(20200102,QN2021021);信阳农林学院科技创新团队项目(KJCXTD-202006)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Taste in Southern Henan

LEI Zhenshan,LI Meng,WEI Yunfei,LIU Qiuyuan,LIU Juan,WANG Fujuan,JI Xin   

  1. (Xinyang Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Improvement,Ecology and Physiology/Xinyang High Quality Rice Engineering Technology Research Center/Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464000,China)
  • Received:2023-03-11 Published:2023-06-15 Online:2023-07-10

摘要: 为明确优质食味粳稻在豫南地区适宜的氮肥运筹方法,以优质食味粳稻品种南粳9108为材料,在施氮量240 kg/hm2且30%于移栽前作基肥施用的条件下,研究氮肥运筹[70%分蘖肥(T1)、70%倒3叶穗肥(T2)、70%倒2叶穗肥(T3)、70%倒1叶穗肥(T4)、30%分蘖肥+40%倒3叶穗肥(T5)、30%分蘖肥+40%倒2叶穗肥(T6)、30%分蘖肥+40%倒1叶穗肥(T7)]对其产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与不施分蘖氮肥处理相比,施用分蘖氮肥能够增加粳稻有效穗数;施用穗氮肥有利于提高成穗率、穗粒数、高效叶面积占比和高效叶SPAD值,以T5处理较高,并降低叶面积和高效叶SPAD值的衰减率,从而增加后期光合物质生产量,但随着施用穗氮肥时间的推迟,地上部干物质积累量和产量均呈降低的趋势,产量以T5处理最高,显著高于其他处理,T6处理次之。对于稻米品质,施用穗氮肥和推迟穗氮肥施用时间均有利于提高稻米加工品质,但不利于稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质的改善。其中,垩白粒率、垩白度以及蛋白质含量均以T1处理最低,T5处理次之;直链淀粉含量、食味值均以T1处理最高,T5处理次之。综合考虑,在施氮量240 kg/hm2条件下,以30%基肥+30%分蘖肥+40%倒3叶穗肥的氮肥运筹方法较优,提高了粳稻产量且兼顾了稻米品质,适合在豫南地区推广应用。

关键词: 氮肥, 粳稻, 南粳9108, 产量, 稻米品质, 豫南

Abstract: In order to determine the suitable nitrogen fertilizer management method for japonica rice with good taste in southern Henan,the effects of different fertilizer management methods(T1:70% tiller fertilizer,T2:70% panicle fertilizer at third leaf to top,T3:70% panicle fertilizer at second leaf to top,T4:70% panicle fertilizer at first leaf to top,T5:30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at third leaf to top,T6:30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at second leaf to top,T7:30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at first leaf to top)on yield and quality of japonica rice with good taste were studied under the conditions of 240 kg/ha nitrogen and 30% basal nitrogen fertilizer applied before transplanting with Nanjing 9108 as material.The results showed that,compared with the treatments without tiller fertilizer,application of tiller fertilizer could increase the number of effective panicles;topdressing panicle fertilizer was beneficial to the increase of percentage of productive tiller,grain number per panicle,proportion of high efficient leaf area and the SPAD value of high efficient leaf,which were higher in T5 treatment,and decreased the decay rate of leaf area and SPAD value of high efficient leaf,so as to increase the photosynthetic matter production in the later period.However,when the topdressing time of panicle fertilizer was delayed,the dry matter accumulation and grain yield showed a decreasing trend,and the grain yield of T5 treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than the other treatments,followed by T6 treatment. For rice quality,topdressing panicle fertilizer and delay of panicle fertilizer were beneficial to the improvement of milling quality,but not conducive to the improvement of appearance quality and cooking quality.Among them,the chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and protein content of T1 treatment were the lowest,followed by T5 treatment;the amylose content and taste value of T1 treatment were the highest,followed by T5 treatment.It is concluded that under the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/ha,the suitable nitrogen fertilizer management method is 30% basal fertilizer+30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at third leaf to top,which could improve the grain yield and give consideration to the rice quality,and is suitable for spreading and applying in southern Henan.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Japanica rice, Nanjing 9108, Grain yield, Rice quality, Southern Henan

中图分类号: