河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 37-46.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.005

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥运筹对苏打盐碱地水稻产量和品质的影响

王志君1,李红宇1,2,夏玉莹1,赵海成1,王士强1,钱永德1,郑桂萍1   

  1. (1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319;2.黑龙江八一农垦大学黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319)
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-07 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2022-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 李红宇(1979-),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,副教授,博士,主要从事水稻高产优质生理生态及遗传多样性研究。E-mail:ndrice@163.com
  • 作者简介:王志君(1994-),男,河北衡水人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:水稻高产优质栽培。E-mail:970560444@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA20B501);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HKKY190405)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Rice in Soda Saline‑Alkali Soil

WANG Zhijun1,LI Hongyu1,2,XIA Yuying1,ZHAO Haicheng1,WANG Shiqiang1,QIAN Yongde1,ZHENG Guiping1   

  1. (1.College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)
  • Received:2021-06-07 Published:2022-02-15 Online:2022-04-15

摘要: 通过盆栽试验,采用苏打盐碱土(A1)和黑钙土(A2)研究氮肥运筹[基肥∶分蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶1∶2(B1),在B1基础上分蘖肥、调节肥、穗肥分别增施15%(B2、B3、B4)]对水稻产量和品质的影响,为苏打盐碱地水稻合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,与A2处理相比,A1处理水稻穗粒数、千粒质量、产量分别极显著降低了39.22%、9.49%、24.67%。与B1处理相比,B2、B3、B4处理水稻穗粒数、千粒质量、产量均提高,以B4处理提高幅度最大,B2、B3、B4处理产量分别较B1处理极显著提高27.38%、30.97%、31.55%。与A2处理相比,A1处理极显著降低了稻米的加工品质和营养品质,糙米率、精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量分别降低5.53%、6.23%、21.52%、5.84%、3.25%;提高了稻米的外观品质和食味值,垩白粒率和垩白度分别降低91.47%、91.09%,食味值提高5.92%。与B1处理相比,B2、B3、B4处理垩白粒率、垩白度、蛋白质含量增加,直链淀粉含量和食味值降低。土壤类型与施氮量互作显著或极显著影响水稻产量、穗粒数、千粒质量、一次枝梗千粒质量、二次枝梗数、食味值。在A1条件下,与B1处理相比,B2、B3、B4处理水稻产量分别极显著提高54.85%、32.28%、91.89%,以B4处理效果最好,其穗粒数、千粒质量、一次枝梗千粒质量、二次枝梗数分别极显著提高19.39%、28.72%、20.83%、38.58%;B2、B3处理食味值分别极显著降低10.53%、10.50%,B4处理食味值降低4.65%,但差异不显著。在A2条件下,B1、B2、B3、B4处理间产量和食味值差异均不显著。综上,在常规施氮的基础上增施分蘖肥、调节肥、穗肥均能提高苏打盐碱地水稻产量,以增施穗肥效果最好,且不会显著降低稻米食味值。

关键词: 水稻, 盐碱胁迫, 施氮, 产量, 品质

Abstract: The effect of nitrogen fertilizer management[base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶regulating fertilizer∶ear fertilizer=4∶3∶1∶2(B1),on the basis of B1,tiller fertilizer,regulating fertilizer or ear fertilizer was increased by 15%,named as B2,B3 and B4 respectively]on rice yield and quality was studied with soda saline‑alkali soil(A1)and chernozem soil(A2)by pot experiment,so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization of rice in soda saline‑alkali soil. The results showed that compared with A2 treatment,grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain weight and yield of A1 treatment significantly decreased by 39.22%,9.49% and 24.67%,respectively.Compared with B1 treatment,grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain weight and yield of B2,B3 and B4 treatments increased,B4 treatment increased the most,and the yields of B2,B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased by 27.38%,30.97% and 31.55%,respectively.Compared with A2 treatment,the rice processing and nutritional quality of A1 treatment significantly reduced,the brown rice rate,polished rice,head rice rate and contents of protein and amylose decreased by 5.53%,6.23%,21.52%,5.84% and 3.25% respectively;the appearance quality and taste value of A1 treatment improved,the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased by 91.47% and 91.09% respectively,and the taste value increased by 5.92%. Compared with B1 treatment,the chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and protein content of B2,B3 and B4 treatments increased,the amylose content and taste value decreased. The interaction between soil type and nitrogen application rate significantly or extremely significantly affected yield,grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain quality,1 000‑grain weight of primary branch,secondary branch number and taste value.Under A1 treatment,compared with B1 treatment,the yields of B2,B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased by 54.85%,32.28% and 91.89%,and B4 treatment had the best yield performance,of which the grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain weight,1 000‑grain weight of primary branch and secondary branch number significantly increased by 19.39%,28.72%,20.83% and 38.58% respectively;the taste values of treatments B2,B3 and B4 decreased by 10.53%,10.50% and 4.56% respectively,B2 and B3 treatments reached the extremly significant levels. Under A2 treatment,the differences in yield and taste value among B1,B2,B3 and B4 treatments were not significant. In summary,on the basis of conventional nitrogen application,increasing tiller fertilizer,regulating fertilizer and ear fertilizer can increase the yield of rice in soda saline‑alkali soil,the effect of increasing ear fertilizer is the best,and increasing ear fertilizer doesn’t significantly decrease the taste value.

Key words: Rice, Saline?alkali stress, Nitrogen application, Yield, Quality

中图分类号: