河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 18-25.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.08.003

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同追氮模式对直播稻根系生理性状和产量的影响

付景,王亚,杨文博,尹海庆,王越涛,白涛,王付华,王生轩
  

  1. (河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南郑州450002)
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-26 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 尹海庆(1965-),男,河南南阳人,研究员,主要从事水稻育种与栽培研究。E-mail:yinhq98@163.com
  • 作者简介:付景(1982-),女,河南南阳人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事水稻栽培生理和生理生态研究。E-mail:fujing8210@sina.cn
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2021ZC08,2020ZC07);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(S2012-04)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Topdressing Models on Root Physiological Characters and Yield of Direct Seeding Rice

FU Jing,WANG Ya,YANG Wenbo,YIN Haiqing,WANG Yuetao,BAI Tao,WANG Fuhua,WANG Shengxuan   

  1. (Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2021-02-26 Published:2021-08-15 Online:2021-09-16

摘要: 以常规粳型旱稻品种郑旱9号和郑旱10号为材料,在总施氮量270 kg/hm2条件下,设置3种追氮模式,基蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥分别为6∶4∶0(T1)、6∶2∶2(T2)、6∶0∶4(T3),以施用等量基蘖肥、生长中后期不施氮处理(T0)作为对照,研究生长中后期不同追氮模式对直播稻根系生理性状和产量的影响,以期为直播稻高产栽培和氮素高效利用提供科学依据。结果表明,郑旱9号和郑旱10号抽穗期及抽穗后10、20、30 d的根干质量、根系氧化力、生长素含量、玉米素+玉米素核苷含量、根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积均表现T2>T1>T3>T0,2个直播稻品种的穗数在不同追氮模式间无显著差异,穗粒数均表现为T2>T1>T3>T0,结实率均表现为T2>T3>T0>T1,千粒质量均表现为T2>T1>T0>T3,产量均表现为T2>T1>T3>T0,其中T2处理的穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量和产量均高于其他处理,产量分别较T0处理提高41.4%和40.7%。综上,直播稻拔节后分次适时追施氮(促花肥、保花肥)能够促进中后期根系生长,维持根系较高的生理活性,延缓根系衰老,提高直播稻产量。

关键词: 直播稻, 追氮模式, 根系生理性状, 产量

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of different nitrogen topdressing models in the middle and later periods on root physiological characteristics and grain yield of direct seeding rice with Zhenghan No. 9 and Zhenghan No. 10 as materials,so as to provide a scientific basis for high‑yield cultivation of direct seeding rice and high‑efficiency utilization of nitrogen. Under the condition of total nitrogen application rate of 270 kg/ha,three nitrogen fertilizer topdressing models were set after jointing.The ratios of base and tillering fertilizer,flower‑promoting fertilizer,flower‑preserving fertilizer were 6∶4∶0(T1),6∶2∶2(T2),6∶0∶4(T3),and the treatment with the same amount of base and tillering fertilizer but without nitrogen topdressing(T0)in the middle and later periods was used as control.The results showed that dry root weight,root oxidation activity,auxin content,zeatin and zeatin nucleoside content,total root absorption area and active absorption area of Zhenghan No. 9 and Zhenghan No. 10 all showedT2>T1>T3>T0 at the heading stage and 10,20,30 d after heading stage. There was no significant difference in the number of panicles of Zhenghan No. 9 and Zhenghan No. 10 among different nitrogen topdressing models,the spikelet number per panicle showed T2>T1>T3>T0,the seed setting rate showedT2>T3>T0>T1,1 000‑grain weight showed T2>T1>T0>T3,and yield showed T2>T1>T3>T0.The spikelet number per panicle,seed setting rate,1 000‑grain weight and yield of T2 treatment were higher than those of the other treatments,and the yields of Zhenghan No. 9 and Zhenghan No. 10 increased by41. 4% and 40. 7% respectively compared with T0 treatment. In summary,nitrogen topdressing at appropriate time(flower ‑ promoting fertilizer and flower‑preserving fertilizer)after jointing of direct seeding rice can promote root growth in the middle and later periods,maintain high physiological activity of roots,delay root degeneration and senescence,and improve the yield of direct seeding rice.

Key words: Direct seeding rice, Nitrogen topdressing model, Root physiological characteristics, Yield

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