河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 23-29.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.07.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

剪掉倒三叶对啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响

柳小宁,潘永东,包奇军,张华瑜,赵锋   

  1. (甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所,甘肃兰州730070)
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-25 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 潘永东(1962-),男,甘肃武威人,研究员,主要从事大麦育种与栽培研究。E-mail:panyongdong1010@163.com
  • 作者简介:柳小宁(1973-),女,甘肃庄浪人,助理研究员,本科,主要从事啤酒大麦育种及大麦和麦芽品质研究。E-mail:liuxiaoning0504@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家大麦青稞产业体系项目(CARS-05-01A-08);国家自然科学基金项目(31760358)

Effects of Cutting off Top 3rd Leaf on Yield and Quality of Malting Barley

LIU Xiaoning,PAN Yongdong,BAO Qijun,ZHANG Huayu,ZHAO Feng   

  1. (Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Materials,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)
  • Received:2020-12-25 Published:2021-07-15 Online:2021-07-15

摘要: 为了研究倒三叶对啤酒大麦产量及品质的影响,在2016—2017年抽穗期对啤酒大麦甘啤6号进行了剪叶处理,分析减掉倒三叶对啤酒大麦地上部干质量、产量、籽粒品质及酿造品质的影响。结果发现,剪掉倒三叶降低了倒四叶、穗下茎节、总茎节干质量,增加了旗叶、倒二叶干质量及二者的叶鞘干质量、穗质量、千粒质量以及籽粒产量,其中,2017年产量显著增加10.7%;剪掉倒三叶增加了单穗顶部蛋白质含量、淀粉含量(2017年)、筛选率,显著降低了中部和顶部瘦秕率,改善了啤酒大麦籽粒品质,其中顶部蛋白质含量增加8.3%(2017年),顶部瘦秕率显著降低22.2%~37.5%;剪掉倒三叶显著降低了β-葡聚糖含量、糖化时间(2017年)、色度,显著增加了糖化力、可溶性氮含量、库值,改善了啤酒大麦酿造品质,β-葡聚糖含量降幅为23.6%~32.6%,糖化力增幅为16.3%~18.1%,可溶性氮含量增幅为16.1%~ 22.0%。综上,在啤酒大麦栽培管理中,可通过剪掉倒三叶促进旗叶、倒二叶的生长,合成更多的光合产物,增加籽粒产量;同时,通过剪掉倒三叶增加单穗顶部籽粒蛋白质含量、糖化力、可溶性氮含量,降低瘦秕率、β-葡聚糖含量、糖化时间、色度,改善啤酒大麦品质。

关键词: 啤酒大麦, 减掉倒三叶, 产量, 籽粒品质, 酿造品质

Abstract: Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of top 3rd leaf on yield and quality of malting barley,the top 3rd leaf of Ganpi No.6 was cut off at heading stage in 2016—2017,and the effects of cutting off the top 3rd leaf on dry aboveground weight,grain yield,grain quality and brewing quality were analyzed. The results showed that cutting off the top 3rd leaf decreased the dry weight of top fourth leaf,internode below ear and total internode,increased dry weight of flag leaf,top 2rd leaf and their leaf sheaths,spike weight,1 000⁃grain weight and yield,and the yield increased by 10.7% in 2017. Cutting off the top 3rd leaf increased protein content,starch content(2017)and screening rate of top grain of spike,and significantly decreased thin and sterile grain rates of middle and top grains of spike,so improved the grain quality of malting barley. The protein content of top grain of spike increased by 8.3%(2017),and thin and sterile grain rate of top grain of spike decreased by 22.2%—37.5%. Cutting off the top 3rd leaf significantly decreased β⁃glucanase content,saccharifying time(2017) and chroma,significantly increased diastatic power,soluble nitrogen content and Kolbach index,so improved the brewing quality of malting barley. The β⁃glucanase content decreased by 23.6%—32.6%,diastatic power increased by 16.3%—18.1%,and soluble nitrogen content increased by 16.1%—22.0%. In conclusion,cutting off top 3rd leaf can promote the growth of flag leaf and top 2rd leaf,which synthesize more photosynthetic products,so increases grain yield;cutting off top 3rd leaf can increase protein content of top grain of spike,diastatic power and soluble nitrogen content,and decrease thin and sterile grain rate,β⁃glucanase content,saccharifying time and chroma,so improves malting barley quality.

Key words: Malting barley, Cutting off top 3rd leaf, Yield, Grain quality, Brewing quality

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