Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Research Progress on the Relationship between Intestinal Barrier Damage and Intestinal Inflammation Development in Fish

CHEN Xiumei, WANG Guiqin, SHAN Xiaofeng, QIAN Aidong

2022, 51(5): 1-9. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.001

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Fish intestinal barrier mainly includes biological，chemical，mechanical and immune barriers.Its barrier function plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis，and will affect the intestinal health once the damage occurs. A large number of studies have shown that intestinal barrier damage was closely related to intestinal inflammation，and intestinal barrier damage induced by various factors could lead to intestinal inflammation. Therefore，domestic and foreign research progress on the relationship of fish intestinal barrier damage and intestinal inflammation development is reviewed.Based on understanding of the structure and function of intestinal barrier in fish，this paper analyzes the relationship between intestinal barrier injury and intestinal inflammation in fish，and explores the control strategy of intestinal inflammation in fish based on the pathway of stablizing intestinal barrier，to provide
new methods for intestinal inflammation prevention in fish and other aquatic animals.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Selenium Application Method on Yield and Mineral Element Accumulation in Grain of Winter Wheat

MA Hongyan, NIE Zhaojun, LIU Hongen, LI Chang, QIN Shiyu, ZHAO Peng

2022, 51(5): 10-22. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.002

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The effects of nitrogen（N）application rate（0，100，200，400 mg/kg，denoted as N0，N100，N200，N400，respectively）and selenium（Se）application method（applying 1 mg/kg Se in soil，spraying 50 mg/L Se，denoted as S and P respectively）on yield，mineral element content and accumulation amount in grain of winter wheat were studied by pot experiment，so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization to improve winter wheat quality.The results showed that the winter wheat yield increased
first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate under the two Se application methods，N200 treatment was the highest，followed by N100 treatment，and there was no significant difference between the two treatments.The average yield，panicle number and grain number per panicle of winter wheat of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment.The Se contents in grain，glume and root of winter wheat of S treatment were generally significantly higher than those of P treatment，while the Se content in stem and leaf was on the contrary.Overall，the Se contents in winter wheat grain，glume，root，stem and leaf were the highest in N200 treatment，followed by N100 treatment. From the average of the two Se application methods，N200 treatment had the highest Se accumulation amounts in grain，root，stem and leaf，and N100 treatment had the highest Se accumulation amount in glume of winter wheat.The mean Se accumulation amounts in grain，glume and root of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment，but the Se accumulation amount in stem and leaf was on the contrary.N application inhibited the migration of Se from glume to grain in winter wheat under two Se application methods.Compared with P treatment，S treatment promoted the Se migration from stem and leaf to glume and glume to grain.Under S treatment，in general，the contents of N，K（potassium），Ca（calcium），Mg（magnesium），Fe（ferrum），Mn（manganese）and Zn（zinc）in winter wheat grain were the highest in N100 treatment，while the contents of P（phosphorus），B（boron）and Cu（copper）were the highest in N400 treatment.Under P treatment，the Cu content in winter wheat grain was the highest in N200 treatment，the P，K，B，Fe，Mn and Zn contents were the highest in N100 treatment，and the N，Ca and Mg contents were the highest in N400 treatment. The average contents of N and K in winter wheat grain of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment，and the average contents of Cu and Mo in winter wheat grain of P treatment were significantly higher than those of S treatment. Under S treatment，the accumulation amounts of N，K，Mg，B，Cu and Mo in winter wheat grain were the highest in N100 treatment，the accumulation amounts of P，Fe，Mn and Zn were the highest in N200 treatment，and the accumulation amount of Ca was the highest in N400 treatment. Under P treatment，Fe accumulation amount was the highest in N100 treatment，Ca and Cu accumulation amounts were the highest in N200 treatment，N，B and Zn accumulation amounts were the highest in N400 treatment.The average accumulation amounts of N，P，K，Ca，Mg，B，Cu，Fe，Mn and Mo in winter wheat grain of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment.The correlation analysis results showed that there were significant and extremely significant positive correlations between content and accumulation amount of Se and N in winter wheat grain，and there were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between Se，N accumulation amounts and P，K，Ca，Mg，Cu，Fe and Mn accumulation amounts. In conclusion，S treatment can improve the yield of winter wheat，promote the accumulation of N，Se and other mineral elements，and improve the nutritional quality of grain. The effect is better after application of N，application of 200 mg/kg N has the best effect on the increase of yield and Se accumulation，followed by 100 mg/kg，while application of 100 mg/kg N has the best effect on accumulation of other mineral elements.

Effects of Interaction between Nitrogen and Density on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Spring Maize

ZHANG Shuping, ZHAO Haiyan, LIU Jing, ZHANG Yang, WANG Dawei, XIAO Wanxin

2022, 51(5): 23-33. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.003

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The effect of interaction between nitrogen rates［90（N1），135（N2），180（N3），225（N4），270（N5）kg/ha］ and planting densities［6. 00×10⁴（D1），6. 75×10⁴（D2），7. 50×10⁴（D3）plants/ha］ on photosynthetic performance［net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs），intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci）at different layers and chlorophyll content（SPAD），leaf area index（LAI）at different layers after flowering］，yield and its components was studied using Liaodan 1205 as material，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving light and fertilizer utilization rate and yield of spring maize. The results showed that leaf Pn，Tr，Gs，SPAD value，leaf area index（LAI），yield and harvest index（HI）of spring maize generally increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate，N2—N4 treatments had better performance，especially N3 treatment.The leaf Ci generally decreased first and then increased，and grain number per ear and grain weight per ear generally increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. The order of influence range of nitrogen rate on the above indexes was LAI at ear layer>LAI at bottom>Tr>Gs>Pn>SPAD value below ear layer>HI>Ci>SPAD value above ear layer>grain number per ear> grain weight per ear>yield>SPAD value at ear layer.The leaf Pn，Tr，Gs，grain number per ear and grain weight per ear generally decreased，SPAD value at different layers after flowering generally increased first and then decreased，Ci，LAI at different layers after flowering，yield and HI generally increased with the increase of planting density.The order of influence range of planting density on the above indexes was Gs>grain weight per ear>LAI at ear layer>grain number per ear>LAI at bottom>Pn>Tr>SPAD value above ear layer>HI>SPAD value below ear layer>yield>Ci>SPAD value at ear layer.The effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and planting density on leaf Tr，Gs，Ci，SPAD value above ear leaf and LAI at bottom layer was significant or extremely significant from flowering and silking stage to depression stage，and that on grain number per ear，grain weight per ear and yield was extremely significant. By consideration of leaf photosynthetic performance and yield of spring maize，N3D3 treatment was the best，with yield of 14 566.4 kg/ha and HI of 0.50；followed by N4D3 and N2D3 treatments，with yields of 14 379.2 and 14 164.6 kg/ha，and HI of 0.48 and0.49，respectively.

Screening and Identification of Saline‑Alkali‑Tolerant Phosphorus‑Solubilizing Bacteria and Functional Verification in the Growth of Soybean

ZHANG Meizhen, WANG Lina, LIU Quan, HUANG Yulan, ZHANG Yuxian, YIN Kuide

2022, 51(5): 34-44. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.004

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In order to obtain highly efficient phosphorus‑solubilizing bacteria which can survive in saline‑alkali soil and promote plant growth，98 strains of phosphorus‑solubilizing bacteria were selected from rhizosphere soil of alfalfa growing in saline‑alkali soil.Three strains with high capacity of soluble organic phosphorus were selected，and their phosphorus‑solubilizing function was verified.The results showed that the strain Y7 belonged to Pseudomonas sp.with soluble organic phosphorus content of 456.35 mg/L，Y31 belonged to Acinetobacter sp.with organic phosphorus solubilization capacity of 400.44 mg/L，W5 belonged to Bacillus sp.with organic phosphorus solubilization capacity of 128.63 mg/L.These three strains had certain growth‑promoting functions and salt‑alkali tolerance.Among them，Y7and W5 had alkaline phosphatase phoD gene，and Y31 had phytase appA gene.The three strains of phosphorus‑solubilizing bacteria were applied to the potted saline‑alkali soil with phosphorus deficiency，and they increased the chlorophyll content and biomass of soybean seedlings，indicating that phosphorus‑solubilizing bacteria could dissolve insoluble phosphorus in soil for soybean growth and promote soybean growth. To sum up，these three strains can dissolve insoluble phosphorus for soybean growth by secreting alkaline phosphatase or phytase，which can alleviate the harm of saline‑alkali stress to soybean and effectively promote the growth of soybean.

Effects of Plant Growth‑Promoting Bacteria Containing ACC Deaminase on Seed Germination of Psammosilene tunicoides

LI Qian, JIA Yan, LI Xinyi, LI Qinmei, LIU Song, WANG Mengyu, HUANG Haiquan, HUANG Meijuan

2022, 51(5): 45-52. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.005

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The effects of plant growth‑promoting bacteria containing ACC deaminase on seed germination of Psammosilene tunicoides were studied，at the same time，the most suitable growth‑promoting strain was screened out to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of microbial fertilizer and high efficient cultivation of P.tunicoides.Four PGPB strains containing ACC deaminase and their mixed strains were used to impregnate P.tunicoides seeds and accelerate their germination.The germination rate，germination energy，germination index and daily average germination rate and so on were measured with sterile water as control.The results showed that，different PGPB strains containing ACC deaminase showed different effects on seed germination of P.tunicoides，among which F195 strain had the best germination effect. Compared with CK，seed germination rate，germination energy，germination index，daily average germination rate and vigor index increased by 32%，49%，223%，32% and 358%，respectively.The germination days of the first seed and peak days were advanced by 3 days and 2 days respectively，the minimum of average germination days was 8.30 d.The percentage of water absorption of seeds increased by 80%. Root length，germ length，seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight increased by 63%，63%，76% and 131%，respectively.Z24 and Mix strains treatments had better germination effect，which were significantly different from CK（P<0.05）.The results of principal component analysis showed that the germ length，root length，germination rate，daily average germination rate and vigor index were higher in component 1，which could be used as important indexes to evaluate the germination and growth of P.tunicoides seeds under different PGPB strains.Cluster analysis showed that F195 strain had best germination effect，followed by Z24，Mix and Z39 strains.In conclusion，F195 strain has good growth‑promoting characteristics during seed germination.

Effect of Polyglutamic Acid‑Enhanced Fertilizer on the Biological Effect and Fertilizer Utilization of Open‑Air Eggplant in Yellow Soil Area of Guizhou

WEI Quanquan, ZHANG Meng, GOU Jiulan, HU Huaqun, HE Chi, LU Zongyun, LIU Li

2022, 51(5): 53-61. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.006

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A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments[CK:No fertilizer;FP:Farmers practice;PAF1:Polyglutamic acid‑enhanced fertilizer of 1 875 kg/ha;PAF2:Polyglutamic acid‑enhanced fertilizer of 2 250 kg/ha；PAF3：Polyglutamic acid‑enhanced fertilizer of 2 625 kg/ha ；PAF4：Polyglutamic acid‑enhanced fertilizer of 3 000 kg/ha］on the yield，quality，nutrient accumulation，fertilizer utilization rate and economic benefits of open‑air eggplant in Guizhou，so as to provide theoretical basis for the scientific application and popularization of polyglutamic acid‑enhanced fertilizer in eggplant production.The results showed that the application of PAF significantly increased the yield of eggplant by 3.65%—13.76% compared to the FP treatment，with the highest yield in the PAF2 treatment.Application of PAF reduced nitrate content in eggplant fruit by 12.37%—14.88%，while vitamin C and soluble sugar content significantly increased by 13.97%—22.52% and 7.77%—13.57%，respectively.Compared with the FP treatment，the application of PAF could significantly improve the nutrient accumulation and fertilizer utilization rate，and the apparent utilization rates of N，P and K fertilizer in PAF2 treatment were 29.35%，19.00% and 34.22%，respectively，higher than other treatments.In addition，the output value and net income of eggplant increased by 3.65%—13.76% and 2.46%—12.09%，with the best results in PAF2 treatment.In summary，PAF can increase the yield，quality，fertilizer efficiency and benefit of open‑air eggplant，2 250 kg/ha is recommended as the optimum application rate for open‑air eggplant cultivation in the yellow soil area of Guizhou.

Effects of PGPR Combined with Biomass Carbon on Capsicum annuum Growth and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

DAI Yurong, LI Yunhong, MU Liqiang, WU jin

2022, 51(5): 62-70. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.007

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The effects of plant growth‑promoting bacteria（PGPR）and biomass carbon on improving soil conditions and plant productivity have attracted much attention.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of PGPR combined with biomass carbon on pepper（Capsicum annuum）growth and soil microenvironment.Pepper was inoculated with PGPR and non inoculated as a control（NM）under pot conditions，which were combined with biomass carbon of 0，1%，3% and 9% respectively.The results showed that PGPR treatment had a significant growth promoting effect on the growth of pepper，and inoculation treatment significantly improved the number of root tips，root bifurcation，total projected area and total root volume of pepper；at the same time，the content of total nitrogen in soil was increased，while the contents of soil available phosphorus，available potassium and organic matter were decreased. Under the treatment of 3% biomass carbon，the activities of dehydrogenase，acid phosphatase，catalase and polyphenol oxidase in pepper root soil inoculated with PGPR increased by 16.2%，4.5%，28.2% and 28.3% respectively compared with the control treatment；the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen were 1.6 and 1.2 times those of the non inoculated control，respectively.Inoculation of PGPR and application of biomass carbon at the same time could significantly increase the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and reduce the number of fungi. Binary analysis of variance showed that the interaction of different biomass carbon addition and different inoculation treatments had a very significant impact on the aboveground dry mass of pepper and fungal content，had a significant impact on microbial biomass carbon，and had no significant impact on other indicators. The results above show that PGPR combined with biomass carbon could promote plant growth by increasing soil related enzyme activity and soil nutrient content，improving plant root and microbial environment，and the treatment effect of PGPR combined with 3% biomass carbon is the best.

Effects of Main Climatic Factors on Dynamics of Ginger Blast in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

ZHOU Xian, LIU Xuli, XIONG Shijie, CAI Xiaodong, ZHU Yongxing, LI Shanrong, LUO Huaihai, JIA Qie

2022, 51(5): 71-83. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.008

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Based on Xiaohuangjiang，a variety mainly cultivated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River，the epidemic dynamics of ginger blast were studied in Xuan’en County（Hubei Province），Kaijiang County（Sichuan Province）and Yongchuan District（Chongqing City）from 2020 to 2021，and the relationship between disease prevalence and local environmental factors was analyzed in order to provide reference for the prediction and control of the disease in this area. The results showed that incidence of ginger blast increased first and then decreased with a trend of quadratic curve. When average temperature in ten days from mid June to late August reached 23.6 to 31.6℃，ginger blast occurred on a large scale in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with a maximum disease index of 43.6.The rainfall in ten days reached 12.5 to 63.5 mm in initial stage（May）of ginger blast，while it rained for 43 to 63 days with a total volume of 381.5 to 879.0 mm rainfall in peak stage（June—August）of the disease.The disease index of ginger blast showed Xuan’en>Yongchuan>Kaijiang，while the disease index increased with the increase of rainfall in ten days at three sites. Overall，there was a significant correlation between disease index and average temperature，rainfall and rainfall time in ten days in upper reaches of the Yangtze River，and there was a linear relationship between the three climate factors and the disease index.Therefore，it is necessary to pay close attention to the changes of main climate factors such as average temperature，rainfall and even rainfall time in ten days in order to effectively control ginger blast.

Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from 23 Plants including Clausena lansium

LIAO Jinmei, DENG Yecheng, DENG Zhiyong, MENG Siyu, WEI Jianfen, HUANG Lingyu, XU Ziwei, LUO Haiyu

2022, 51(5): 84-95. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.009

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The inhibition effect of methanol extracts from 23 plants on eight plant pathogenic fungi and nine animal pathogenic bacteria were studied by means of poisoned plate method and growth rate method，to provide a scientific basis for the development of botanical antimicrobial agents. The results showed that at mass concentration of 10 mg/mL，the methanol extracts of Clausena lansium，Myrica rubra，Ipomoea cairica，Conyza sumatrensis，Praxelis clematidea and Phytolacca acinosa had good inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi.The inhibition rates of the methanol extract of Clausena lansium leaves against eight plant pathogenic fungi were all more than 60%，and the median effective concentration（EC₅₀）were 0.033 2—5.172 7 mg/mL.The methanol extracts from 15 plants（Clausena lansium，Myrica rubra，Ipomoea cairica，Conyza sumatrensis，Praxelis clematidea，Wedelia chinensis，and so on）showed good antibacterial activity against at least one animal pathogenic bacterium，with the minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC）of 0.625 0—10 mg/mL.Among them，the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Clausena lansium leaves was superior to that of other plant extracts.The methanol extract from Clausena lansium leaves was seperated into petroleum ether extract，ethyl acetate extract，n‑butyl alcohol extract and raffinate by liquid‑liquid extraction.At mass concentration of 5 mg/mL，the antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether extract against eight plant pathogenic fungi was significantly better than that of the other three extracts，with the antimicrobial rates of 65.14%—88.67%.The MIC values of petroleum ether extract of the methanol extract of Clausena lansium leaves against nine animal pathogenic bacteria were 0.156 3—1.250 0 mg/mL，and its antibacterial effect was superior to that of the other three extracts.It can be seen that the leaves of Clausena lansium have a good development and application value in botanical antimicrobial agents，and the antimicrobial components mainly exist in the petroleum ether extract.

Overall Evaluation of Asparagus Germplasm Resources Based on Grey Relational Analysis and DTOPSIS Method

ZHANG Bingbing, YE Yanying, JIN Shuifeng, LUO Wengen, ZHOU Jinsong, YIN Yuling, LUO Shaochun, TANG Yongping

2022, 51(5): 96-107. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.010

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In order to provide theoretical basis for comprehensive evaluation of asparagus varieties（lines）and their demonstration and popularization in Jiangxi，the adaptability of new asparagus varieties（lines）in Jiangxi was comprehensively evaluated by grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS method.With 43 new asparagus varieties（lines）from the asparagus resource nursery in Ji’an from 2018 to 2019 as materials，comprehensive evaluation of field traits was performed by using grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS method.The accuracy of different methods was compared，and asparagus varieties（lines）with better comprehensive performance were selected.The result showed that the order of correlation grade value of each character in the overall evaluation of asparagus germplasms based on grey relational analysis was as follows：high‑quality asparagus rate>high‑quality asparagus yield>commodity asparagus rate>seeing asparagus time>first branch height>second main stem height>commercial asparagus production>plant height>number of asparagus shoots>disease resistance>appearance quality of asparagus>asparagus thickness uniformity>stem thickness.The result also showed that Gijnlim，Extremely male imperial crown，Florida，Jersey knight，California early，Jufeng and UC115 ranked in the top 10，which had good adaptability and high yield，and were the closest to the ideal germplasm. The Ci maximum difference rate of DTOPSIS was 68. 40% and the correlation coefficient of its ranking result with the yield ranking was 0.918^**.The maximum difference rate of γi in grey correlation analysis was 41.03%，the maximum difference rate of △γi was 40.33%，the correlation coefficients between the ranking result and the yield ranking were 0.652^**and 0.710^**respectively.It can be seen that the DTOPSIS method had a greater rate of Ci variation，a greater variation among germplasms，and a higher correlation with yield. Therefore，when breeding new asparagus varieties，the first priority should be to increase the weight proportion of high‑quality bamboo shoots，and secondly，high‑quality materials unearthed early in spring are selected as parents. At the same time，other traits such as asparagus plant type should also be taken into consideration. Gijnlim，Extremely male imperial crown，Florida，Jersey knight，California early，Jufeng and UC115，which have good adaptability and high yield，can be further investigated，demonstrated and promoted.The DTOPSIS method based on the grey relational analysis is more suitable for comprehensive evaluation of adaptability of new asparagus varieties（lines）.

Identification and Characterization of SnRK2 Gene Family in Melon

LIU Chenggong, LI He, HAN Zichao, SU Tingting, ZHANG Yueyang, ZHANG Yao, LI Zhongqing, WANG Aiying , ZHU Jianbo

2022, 51(5): 108-116. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.011

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Sucrose non‑fermenting‑1‑related protein kinase2（SnRK2）is a kind of protein phosphorylase with serine/threonine specific domain，which plays an important role in ABA signal transduction and abiotic stress.Taking melon as the research object，this paper used bioinformatics analysis methods to identify melon SnRK2 gene family and analyze the relevant characteristics，including the construction of phylogenetic evolutionary tree，analyses of gene physical and chemical properties，gene structure and conserved domain，dhromosome location，collinearity，upstream cis‑acting elements of gene and transcriptome data heat map analysis to lay a theoretical foundation for the functional analysis and research of melon SnRK2 genes.Results showed that nine SnRK2 gene family members were identified in melon genome. It was mainly located in the cytoskeleton，dominated by α‑helix and random coil.The molecular weight was 31.49—75.02 ku，and the isoelectric point ranged from 4.42 to 6.21.It could be divided into three subgroups，distributed on four chromosomes. Promoter analysis showed that there were multiple plant hormones and stress‑related response elements in the regulatory sequence of melon SnRK2 genes.Tissue expression analysis showed that some melon SnRK2 genes were constitutively expressed in different tissues，while some genes had significant tissue specificity.

Application Effect of Mushroom Residue Organic Fertilizer on Taste Tomato Cultivation

LI Jianxin, GE Guimin, HUANG Wen, SHEN Aimin

2022, 51(5): 117-125. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.012

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In order to study the effect of different base fertilizers on chlorophyll content，photosynthesis，quality，yield and disease resistance of taste tomato，a new tomato variety Golden Childhood was used as material in this research. The base fertilizers were mushroom residue organic fertilizer，corn straw organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The experiment in autumn had three treatments：mushroom residue organic fertilizer（T1），corn straw organic fertilizer（T2）and compound fertilizer（T3）.The application rates of the two organic fertilizers were 12 000 kg/ha and the application rate of compound fertilizer was 750 kg/ha. The three treatments were combined with 750 kg/ha of calcium superphosphate.In the following spring，under the same facility environmental conditions，the application amount of mushroom residue organic fertilizer was between 6 000 kg/ha and 30 000 kg/ha，and five fertilization levels were set to study the effects of different application rates on the quality and yield of taste tomato.The results showed that the application of mushroom residue organic fertilizer could improve the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of tomato functional leaves，make the plants grow healthily，and significantly improve the quality of tomato. The contents of soluble solids，soluble sugar，sugar acid ratio，vitamin C and lycopene of tomato were increased by 9.8%，11.8%，8.1%，0.6% and 4.4% respectively compared with the application of corn straw organic fertilizer，and were increased by 37.7%，35.3%，37.5%，14.5% and 18.1% respectively compared with the application of chemical fertilizer.The application of mushroom residue organic fertilizer could significantly increase tomato resistance to disease，and the incidence rate of virus disease was 0，the mortality rate was reduced 49. 5% lower than application of chemical fertilizer，the incidence rate of gray mold was reduced by 33.7%，and the incidence rate of umbilical rate was reduced by 17.9%.The application of mushroom residue organic fertilizer increased the yield by 4.01% compared with application of corn straw organic fertilizer and 11.11% compared with application of chemical fertilizer. When the application amount of mushroom residue organic fertilizer was 18 000 kg/ha，the sugar acid ratio of taste tomato was the highest，reaching 8.96，the soluble sugar content was 4.75%，the soluble solid content was 8.67%，and the yield was 55.31 t/ha.In conclusion，the application of fermented mushroom residue organic fertilizer can effectively improve the chlorophyll content，photosynthetic rate，quality，yield and disease resistance of taste tomato. The suitable dosage of mushroom residue organic fertilizer is 18 000 kg/ha.

Correlation and Principal Component Analysis between Body Mass and Body Measurement Traits in Mahuang Chickens

LI Ying, HE Jingyi, CHEN Peng, ZHANG Li, XU Xinchun, JI Jian, LUO Chenglong

2022, 51(5): 126-132. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.013

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In order to investigate the intrinsic correlation of body mass and body measurement traits in Mahuang chickens，the body mass and eight body measurement traits of 56‑day‑old roosters and 63‑day‑old hens（30 chickens per gender） were measured and analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the pelvis width and shank girth of roosters were significantly higher than those of hens（P<0.01），the chest angle of roosters was significantly higher than that of hens（P<0.05）.There was large degree of variation of chest width and shank length in roosters，indicating a great potential in breeding. Male body slope length was the most important factor affecting body mass，followed by keel length，and the correlation coefficients were 0.439（P<0.01）and 0.355（P<0. 05），respectively.The positive correlation between body mass and chest angle of hens was significant（P<0. 05） with the correlation coefficient of 0.325. And there were different degrees of correlation between other traits. The principal component analysis showed that the body mass and body measurement traits could be simplified to four principal components，which occupied 74.218% in roosters and 70.130% in hens of total information amount.Among the four principal components of roosters and hens，the body mass，body slope length，shank length，pelvis width，chest angle and chest girth had the highest contribution to principal components，which reflected the body shape characteristics and growth and development rules
of Mahuang chickens.In summary，the body mass，body slope length，shank length，pelvis width，chest angle and chest girth can be the candidate traits for Mahuang chicken selection and breeding.

Isolation and Identification of Fowl Adenovirus in Xinxiang，Henan Province

WANG Junna, LI Lingwei, WANG Qiuxia, SHI Wen, ZHANG Xin, LIU Xingyou, JIANG Jinqing, PEI Dawei

2022, 51(5): 133-139. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.014

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In order to study the prevalence and variation of fowl adenovirus in Xinxiang area of Henan Province，liver samples of 15 chickens suspected of fowl adenovirus were collected from poultry farms in Xinxiang in 2020，and partial nucleic acids of Hexon gene were obtained by PCR.The obtained nucleic acid sequences were used for comparison and homology analysis，and the viral virulence was further evaluated by animal regression test. The results showed that a band of about 300 bp was amplified in 12 of the 15 samples collected，which accounted for 80%.Sequencing results showed that the obtained strains were the same strain，named as XX strain，which had more than 95% homology with FAdV‑4，but low homology with FAdV‑1 and duck adenovirus group I.The results of animal regression test showed that the XX strain was highly pathogenic to SPF chickens aged three weeks，and the mortality rate was up to 60%.Necropsy showed typical pericardial effusion，liver fragility，and hemorrhage，consistent with FAdV‑4 infection.This indicated that the virus strain isolated in this study had strong virulence.

Differential Proteomic Analysis before and after Sperm Capacitation in Buffalo

LIU Runfeng, HOU Zhen, HUANG Xingchen, XIAO Kai, YANG Weihan, ZHANG Junjun, FU Qiang

2022, 51(5): 140-147. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.015

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In order to explore the protein dynamic changes of buffalo sperm before and after capacitation，the total protein of buffalo sperm before and after capacitation was quantitatively analyzed by tandem mass tag（TMT） combined with liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry（LC‑MS/MS） analysis technology.The results showed that there were 93 differentially expressed proteins before and after buffalo sperm capacitation，52 up‑regulated proteins and 41 down‑regulated proteins were expressed after capacitation. Differentially expressed proteins were involved in biological processes such as sexual reproduction，cytoskeleton，transport and spermatogenesis，and were also involved in peroxisome proliferators‑activated receptors（PPARs） and soluble NSF attachment protein receptors（SNARE）signaling pathways.The hub proteins（Hub）of the regulatory pathway screened by protein interaction network analysis included topoisomerase 2（TOP2A），enolase 3（ENO3）and so on.Western blot results showed that the expression levels of vesicle associated membrane protein 4（VAMP4）and apolipoprotein C‑3（APOC3）increased after capacitation of buffalo sperm.

Simulation of Soil Moisture and Wet Front Transport and Optimization of Drip Tapes Design Parameters under Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Sandy Loam for Summer Maize

YANG Mingda, ZHANG Suyu, YANG Shenjiao, GUAN Xiaokang, CHEN Jinping, LI Shunjiang, WANG Tongchao, ZOU Guoyuan

2022, 51(5): 148-161. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.016

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Sandy loam has good ventilation，water and fertilizer retention，so it is of great significance to explore the appropriate system design parameters in sandy loam for popularizing the application of subsurface drip irrigation in Henan Province. In order to determine the appropriate system design parameters of subsurface drip irrigation system，the effects of different dripper buried depths on soil water
movement and wet front transport in sandy loam were studied. An indoor plexiglass box was used to explore the soil moisture and wet front transport when the drip irrigation belt was buried at a depth of 20 cm.At the same time，these test data were used to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of the HYDRUS‑2D simulation of soil moisture and wet front transport in subsurface drip irrigation.After that，the verified model was used to simulate the soil moisture and wet front at different depths of drip irrigation belt.Finally，the optimized system design parameters were verified by field experiments.The results of laboratory test showed that when the depth of drip irrigation belt was 20 cm，the speed of horizontal movement of wet front was similar to the speed of vertical downward movement during the irrigation.But after 4 h of irrigation，the vertical downward movement speed of wet front was higher than the horizontal movement speed. After 6 h of irrigation，soil water transported to the soil surface.The HYDRUS‑2D model was evaluated by comparison with measured data from laboratory experiments with the drip irrigation belt buried at a depth of 20 cm. The values of R²，ME and RMSE between measured and simulated soil volumetric water content ranged from 0.98 to 0.99，0.90 to 0.93 and 0.029 to 0.032 cm³/cm³，respectively. The values of R²，ME and RMSE between measured and simulated wet front transporting distance ranged from 0.96 to 0.99，0.91 to 0.96，and 0.690 to 2.170 cm，respectively.Based on these values，it could be concluded that there was good correspondence between simulations and observations.The HYDRUS‑2D model simulation results showed that when the drip irrigation belt burial depth was 20 cm，the range of soil moisture migration was 0—60 cm soil layers，but the soil water content at 20—30 cm horizontally from the drip irrigation belt was low. When the drip irrigation belt burial depth was 30 cm，after water balance（3 d after irrigation），the soil layer whose soil volumetric water content was more than 75% FC（field capacity）was 5—55 cm from the soil surface. When the drip irrigation belt burial depth was 40 cm，soil water could move up to 10 cm from the surface，down to 90 cm from the surface，and the lateral seepage was 30 cm from the drip irrigation belt.The soil layer with soil volumetric water content more than 75% FC was 30—75 cm from the soil surface. Compared with traditional surface drip irrigation，subsurface drip irrigation（with drip irrigation belt buried under 30 cm and laying spacing of 60 cm） could increase the soil volumetric water content in the middle and lower soil layers and significantly increase summer maize yield by 8.6%.In conclusion，the suitable buried depth and laying spacing of drip irrigation belt for summer maize in sandy loam are 30 and 60 cm，respectively.

Estimation of Soil Salt Content of Cultivated Land during Bare Soil Period Using Spatial Random Forest Model and Remote Sensing Images

XU Xibo, LÜ Minghui, WANG Haihui, ZHOU Zhongke, PENG Yuanxin, YAN Xuewen

2022, 51(5): 162-170. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.017

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This study aimed to investigate the concentration status and spatial distribution of soil salt content（SSC）.The coastal plain area in the south of Laizhou Bay was selected as the study area，a total of 95 soil samples in bare soil period and Sentinel‑2 multispectral images were acquired simultaneously；the SSC responding bands were then selected using the variables importance assessment method，and used as the independent variables in the SSC estimation model，the measured SSC values were regarded as the dependent variables，and remote sensing estimation models based on random forest and spatial random forest were established.Results showed that the band 11，band 12，band 2，and band 8a from the Sentinel‑2 image were the sensitive bands for SSC，band 11 showed the significant correlation with SSC；The R²（coefficient of determination）and RMSE（root mean square error）of the spatial random forest model were 0.86 and 0.38，respectively，which were 16.22% and 35. 60% higher than those of the random forest model，and the computational efficiency and robustness of the model were improved accordingly.SSC showed a low level（<2 g/kg）at the regional scale，and high‑value areas（>6 g/kg）were mainly distributed in the northwestern and eastern parts of the area，mainly affected by seawater intrusion.In addition，moderately salt‑affected areas（2 g/kg≤SSC<4 g/kg）were characterized with discrete distribution due to the effects of micro‑geomorphology and drought evaporation，which should be given attention to.

Quality Changes of Redried Tobacco Strips Aged in Different Environments

LI Qianyun, SHEN Hongtao, DUAN Weidong, XI Jiaqin, WANG Yanfang, WANG Xiaodong, LIU Ling

2022, 51(5): 171-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.018

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This study explored the changes and differences in natural aging process and quality of redried tobacco strips aged under different storing conditions，to provide theoretical basis for the rational aging of redried tobacco strips under different storage conditions.The tobacco strips of tobacco cultivar K326 produced in Nanping，Fujian Province were stored in Xinzheng warehouse，Henan Province and Wuyi warehouse，Fujian Province for natural aging.The dynamic changes of chemical contents，appearance quality and sensory quality of redried tobacco strips were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of reducing sugar，total sugar，total nitrogen and nicotine in both aging warehouses all decreased with the aging time.Compared with unaged，the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of redried tobacco strips stored in Xinzheng at the 24th month decreased by 12.74% and 9.31% respectively，and stored in Wuyi decreased by 15.58% and 12.56%. During the whole aging period，the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of redried tobacco strips stored in Xinzheng were higher than those of redried tobacco strips stored in Wuyi. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen and nicotine contents between the two aging warehouses.The contents of lutein，β‑carotene，neochlorogenic acid，4‑dicaffeoylquinic acid，chlorogenic acid，scopoletin，kaempferol 3‑rutinoside and rutin all decreased with the aging time.The degradation rate of polyphenols in redried tobacco strips stored in Wuyi was higher than that stored in Xinzheng.At the same aging time，the appearance quality of tobacco strips stored in Wuyi was better than that of tobacco strips stored in Xinzheng. The sensory quality score showed the trend of rising first and falling later.The sensory quality of redried tobacco strips aged in Wuyi and Xinzheng warehouses reached the best at the 12th and 16th months，respectively.The sensory quality evaluation score of tobacco strips stored in Wuyi warehouse was higher than that of tobacco strips stored in Xinzheng warehouse in the same aging period. Compared with tobacco strips stored in Xinzheng warehouse，the sensory quality reduction rate of tobacco strips stored in Wuyi warehouse was slower in the latter stage，and the quality preservation effect was better.In conclusion，compared with Xinzheng warehouse，the redried tobacco strips stored in Wuyi warehouse had the advantages of shorter aging time，better quality and longer high quality period.

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