Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Research Progress on Function of ROP Protein in Plant Growth and Development and Stress Response

GUO Yaru, CHEN Xin, HUANG Junjun

2021, 50(11): 1-5. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.001

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ROP（Rho‑related GTPases from plants）protein is a type of plant‑specific small G protein，which plays an important role in plant signal transduction，and can regulate plant growth and development and stress response. The structure of ROP protein，roles of ROP protein in the growth and development of plant pollen tubes and root hairs，and plant resistance to low temperature，drought，high salt，pests and diseases were reviewed，and the future research directions were prospected，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of ROP protein in plant breeding.

Research Progress on Germplasm Resources Identification and Breeding of Chinese Yam

DONG Junmei, LI Jinchao, MENG Yijiang, YANG Taixin, GE Shujun

2021, 50(11): 6-14. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.002

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Chinese yam is native to China and is one of medicinal and edible homologous Chinese herbal medicines.Over quite a long time of cultivation，abundant genetic variations have been accumulated in yam populations，which possess high and potential values for germplasm screening and breeding.The paper reviewed the research progress on germplasm resources genetic diversity based on morphological characters，cytology，molecular markers and quality traits separately，summarized the breeding methods and the breeding results，and then gave some suggestions on germplasm identification and breeding methods.The paper can provide a reference for enhancing the exploitation and utilization efficiency of germplasm and accelerating the research of Chinese yam breeding.

Genetic Component and Important Traits Gene Composition of New Wheat Variety Zhengpinmai 24

CHEN Xiaojie, FAN Jialin, YANG Baoan, YANG Ke, ZHANG Fuyan, CHENG Zhongjie, WANG Jiahuan, BAI Hefeng, ZHANG Jianwei

2021, 50(11): 15-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.003

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Wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）50K SNP breeding chip was used to detect Zhengpinmai 24 approved by Henan Province in 2018 and its patents，and the genetic component and important traitsgene composition of Zhengpinmai 24 was studied，so as to provide reference for genetic improvement and production application. The results showed that 82.40% of genetic material of Zhengpinmai 24 was derived from the male parent Yutong 194，and there was higher genetic similarity with genetic similarity coefficient of 0.907 between them.At the chromosome level，the genetic contribution rate of parents to Zhengpinmai 24 was quite different，the genetic contribution rates from the female parent Yumai 34‑6 to Zhengpinmai 24 were 56.10% and 70.98% on chromosomes 2A and 3D respectively，which were higher than those from Yutong 194，and the genetic contribution rates from Yutong 194 to Zhengpinmai 24 were higher than those from Yumai 34‑6 on the other chromosomes.These indicated that the genetic material of the parents was severely partially segregated by artificial selection during the breeding of Zhengpinmai 24.Zhengpinmai 24 contained widely used reduced height gene Rht-D1b，and aggregated 9 high‑grain weight or grain‑weight favorable alleles，such as glutamine synthetase genes TaGS5-A1b，TaGS2B1-Hap-H and TaGS-D1a，grain weight gene GW2-6B-Hap-1，thousand‑grain weight genes TaTGW6-A1a and TaTGW-7Aa，sucrose synthetase genes TaSus1-7B-Hap-T，TaSus2-2A-Hap-A and TaSus2-2B-Hap-H.Zhengpinmai 24 also contained vernalization alleles Vrn-A1b，vrn-B1 and VrnD3-2174，late flowering type alleles TaELF3-B1（early flowering 3 B1）cadenza type and TaELF3-D1 wild type，photoperiod sensitive alleles Ppd-A1 wild type，TaPpdDD002 wild type and TaPpdDI001 insertion type，rust resistance genes Lr67，Sr2 and Sr25，favorable drought resistance genes TaDREB-B1a（dehydration responsive element binding protein B1a），and low ear germination allele TaSdr-A1a（seed dormancy A1a）.

Effect of Phosphorus Application Depth in Newly Planted Field on Antioxidant Properties and Yield of Tartary Buckwheat under Water Stress

XUE Xiaojiao, ZHANG Yongqing, ZHANG Meng, LI Jingyu, YUN Yu, LI Pingping, ZHANG Wenyan, WANG Dan, LIANG Ping

2021, 50(11): 28-35. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.004

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Discussion on Improving Precision of Wheat Root Research by Cube Sampling Method

YANG Yichen, YANG Xiwen, WU Yin, HUANG Yuan, XU Lili, FU Jinzhou, GUO Fangfang, ZHOU Sumei, HE Dexian

2021, 50(11): 36-46. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.005

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In order to reduce sampling error and improve accuracy of wheat root research，root growth and vigor in different soil layers during different growth stages were comparatively studied among cube sampling method（CSM），auger sampling method（CK1）and digging method with a spade（CK2）with two types of wheat cultivars Xinong 979 and Zhoumai 27 as materials in 2018—2020. The results showed that dry root weight，root length，root surface area and root volume of CSM treatment were higher at different growth stages compared with CK1 and CK2 treatments，the differences of root traits mentioned above in different treatments were higher in 20—40 cm soil layer than those in 0—20 cm soil layer，and thedifferences of root traits mentioned above in different treatments were higher in the late growth period.Root vigor of CSM treatment was higher than those of CK1 and CK2 treatments，the differences in root vigor among different treatments were bigger in the early growth period，and smaller in the late growth period.There was a big difference of root vigor in different soil layers during the growth period，root vigor was higher in 0—20 cm soil layer than that in 20—40 cm soil layer，and the difference of root vigor in 20—40 cm soil layer was bigger than that in 0—20 cm soil layer among different sampling methods.Correlation and regression analysis indicated that there was an extremely significant positive correlation among different sampling methods. Through the establishment of regression equation，the root character values of CSM treatment could be estimated according to the root character values of CK1 and CK2 treatments，so as to correct the values of CK1 and CK2 treatments.Comparatively speaking，root samples obtained by cube sampling method had strong representativeness，and hence led to more accurate root trait value，though cube sampling method was more laborious to operate.

Effects of Different Kinds of Slow/Controlled‑Release Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Intercropped Peanuts

JI Yaokun, GUO Zhensheng, TIAN Wei, ZHANG Shenju, HUANGFU Ziqi, WU Jihua

2021, 50(11): 47-54. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.006

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In order to select slow/controlled‑release fertilizers suitable for peanut‑wheat intercropping system，six slow/controlled‑release fertilizers were selected：Kingenta controlled‑release mixed fertilizer（treatment 1），Stanley slow‑release fertilizer（treatment 2），Hongsifang slow‑release mixed fertilizer（treatment 3），Sierte long‑term slow‑release fertilizer（treatment 4），soil fertilizer controlled‑release fertilizer（treatment 5）and Xinlianxin water contact membrane controlled‑release compound fertilizer（treatment 6）.At the same time，Stanley common compound fertilizer（treatment 7）and a control （treatment 8，no fertilization）were set to study the effects of different slow/controlled‑release fertilizers on the yield and quality of peanut intercropped with wheat under the condition of equal fertilization in the field.The results showed that with the development of growth period，the leaf area indexes increased firstly and then decreased，and reached the peak in the podding period（before and after August 8），and the treatments 1 and 2 were larger，followed by treatments 3 and 6.With the advance of growth period，the dry matter accumulation of peanut intercropped with wheat increased gradually. The dry matter accumulation of treatments 1—6 were significantly higher than that of the control.The pod yield，seed kernel yield，full fruit number per plant，100 fruit weight，100 kernel weight and kernel rate of treatments 1—6 were higher than those of treatment 7 and the control，and treatments 1 and 2 performed better.The pod yield and kernel yield increased by 13.65%，12.66%，and 19.15%，17.79% respectively compared with treatment 7，followed by treatments 6 and 3.The contents of grain protein，crude fat，oleic acid，soluble sugar and oleic acid/linoleic acid in treatments 1—6 were higher than those in treatment 7 and the control. Treatments 1 and 2 showed better performance，increased by 9.59%，2.25%，6.77%，6.59%，11.08% and 8.52%，2.11%，6.10%，6.08%，9.90%,respectively，followed by treatments 6 and 3；The linoleic acid content of the control seed kernel was higher than that of other treatments，followed by the treatment 7，and the treatment 1 was the lowest. It can be seen that slow/controlled‑release compound fertilizer can increase the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of peanut intercropped with wheat during harvest significantly，increase the yield of peanut intercropped with wheat significantly and improve the quality of peanut compared with the application of the same amount of ordinary compound fertilizer and no fertilizer，and the effects of treatments 1（Kingenta controlled‑release mixed fertilizer）and treatment 2（Stanley slow‑release fertilizer）were better，followed by the treatment 3（Hongsifang slow‑release mixed fertilizer）and the treatment 6（Xinlianxin water contact membrane controlled‑release compound fertilizer）.

Relationship between Floral Organ Morphology and Microspore Development Period in Safflower

XU Lanjie, LIANG Huizhen, YU Yongliang, YANG Qing, YANG Hongqi, TAN Zhengwei, DONG Wei, LI Lei, AN Sufang, LU Dandan

2021, 50(11): 55-61. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.007

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Eight safflower varieties（lines）were used as experiment materials，cytological characteristics at different microspore development periods were investigated，and relationship between the microspore development period and floral organ morphology was studied，which would provide evidences for identifing microspore development periods based on floral organ morphology of safflower.The results showed that the growth and development process of different safflower varieties（lines）under the same sowing time was different，resulting in different microspore development period，but microspore development stages were uniform including microspore mother cell，dyad stage，tetrad stage，early‑ and mid‑uninucleate stage，late‑uninucleate stage and binucleate stage. Microspore development period of tubular flowers for the same fruit was different. Fruit diameter of eight safflower varieties（lines）was 0.90—1.70 cm，and length of tubular flower was 0.37—0.45 cm at early‑ and mid‑uninucleate stage.Fruit diameter of eight safflower varieties（lines）was 1.00—1.96 cm，and tubular flower length was 0. 45—0. 50 cm at late‑ninucleate stage.There were extremely significant differences in fruit diameter among most of the eight safflower varieties（lines）in the early‑ and mid‑uninucleate stage，late‑uninucleate stage and binucleate stage，but no extremely significant differences in length of tubular flower among most of the eight safflower varieties（lines）.Therefore，according to tubular flower length，the development period of microspore will be judged in practice，and then the same fruit diameter will be selected.

Effects of Long‑term Overturning of Winter Green Manure on Soil Inorganic Phosphorus Form

ZHANG Qian, XIANG Chunyang, ZHAO Qiu, SHI Xinqian, TIAN Xiuping, DU Jin

2021, 50(11): 62-71. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.008

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In order to plant green manure scientifically and improve the availability of soil phosphorus，this study rotated winter green manure/corn in 2012—2019，analyzed and evaluated the inorganic phosphorus form in the soil，to explore the influence of winter green manures such as Orychophragmus violaceus，Vicia villosa Roth，Lolium perenne L.，Brassica campestris L.on the soil inorganic phosphorus form；and combining the phosphorus uptake of corn in subsequent crops，the bioavailability of various forms of inorganic phosphorus was studied. The results showed that the application of the four winter green manures could effectively increase the total inorganic phosphorus content in the soil，but the percentage of the total inorganic phosphorus content in the total phosphorus content was reduced as a whole.By compared different treatments，after long‑term overturning of winter green manure the soil Ca₂‑P content（40.71 mg/kg）of overturning Brassica campestris L.increased the most，and the soil Ca₈‑P content（169.41 mg/kg）of overturning Vicia villosa Roth increased the most，and the soil Al‑P content（60.08 mg/kg）of overturning Lolium perenne L.increased the most.The content of Ca₁₀‑P and O‑P in the soil of overturning Lolium perenne L.and Vicia villosa Roth respectively decreased significantly.The correlation coefficients between the phosphorus content of corn grains and various forms of inorganic phosphorus were in the order of Ca₂‑P（0.836^**）>Ca₈‑P（0.829^**）>Al‑P（0.633^*）>O‑P（0.452）>Ca₁₀‑P（0.246）>Fe‑P（-0.299）

Effect of Combined Application of Soil Conditioner and Microbial Organic Fertilizer on Soil Improvement and Yield of Continuous Cropping Garlic in the Yellow Fluvo‑aquic Soil Area

CHANG Hong, QIN Guangli, WANG Hongjun, CHEN Yan

2021, 50(11): 72-78. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.009

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In order to explore the effect of microbial organic fertilizer（fermented sheep manure）by high temperature harmless treatment combined with soil conditioner on the soil improvement of continuous cropping garlic in the yellow fluvo‑aquic soil area，conventional chemical fertilizer+rotary tillage（CK）was used as a contrast to study the effects of conventional chemical fertilizer +rotary tillage+soil conditioner（T1），conventional chemical fertilizer+rotary tillage+microbial organic fertilizer（T2），conventional chemical fertilizer+rotary tillage+microbial organic fertilizer+soil conditioner（T3），conventional chemical fertilizer+deep tillage+microbial organic fertilizer（T4）on the soil nutrient content，physical and chemical properties，enzyme activity，garlic disease index，biological characteristics and yield in the continuous cropping soil. The results showed that compared with conventional chemical fertilizer+rotary tillage（CK）,the application of soil conditioner and microbial organic fertilizer could garlic growth and development，reducing disease index，and increase yield. Among them，conventional chemical fertilizer+rotary tillage+microbial organic fertilizer+soil conditioner（T3）had the best effect.Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer+rotary tillage（CK）,the contents of soil organic matter，alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium were increased by 22.06%，13.47%，18.80% and 14.89%，respectively，and soil powder was significantly increased. The activity of catalase，sucrase，phosphatase，and urease of soil was significantly enhanced，and the control effects of sclerotinia disease，leaf blight and root rot reached 63.36%，66.47%，and 60.15% respectively，which increased the height of garlic，stem diameter and garlic diameter，and the garlic yield was increased by 25.64%.In summary，the combination of soil conditioner and microbial organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional rotary tillage and chemical fertilizer（T3）has the best effect on soil improvement，disease prevention，and yield increase of the continuous cropping garlic.

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Soil Nutrients under Different Artificial Vegetation Types in Yuzhong Basin，Gansu Province

WEI Ti, BU Lei, WU Dengyu, CHEN Hongfu, GAO Dandan, LIU Honghai, XU Hongwei, CAI Yong, YANG Jutian, GUO Penghui

2021, 50(11): 79-86. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.010

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The characteristics of soil nutrients in Yuzhong Basin，Gansu Province，northwest semi‑arid region were studied in this project，to provide a theoretical basis for restoring and treating its fragile ecological environment.Soil samples with different depths（0—10，10—20，20—30 cm）underneath eight kinds of widely distributed plants（alfalfa，pear，ginkgo，pine，cypress，peony，rose，and clove）from four artificial vegetation types（grassland，deciduous forest，coniferous forest，and shrub） in YuzhongBasin，Gansu Province were analyzed to study time and space distribution of nutrients in the soil samples.The results showed that the nutrients of the soil samples decreased with the soil depth，which displayed the average available potassium content（130.62 mg/kg）> the average available phosphorus content（76.16 mg/kg）> the average ammonium nitrogen content（50.04 mg/kg），and the average organic matter content was 18.15 g/kg；The seasonal variation characteristics were prominent，except arganic matter the soil nutrients in spring was higher than that in winter.The pH value in different seasons and different soil layers did not change much，and maintained at 7.84—8.68，slightly alkaline.Electrical conductivity increased with the soil depth，while organic matter decreased with the soil depth.Among the eight plant sample plots，an extremely significant linear quantitative relationship existed in the alfalfa sample plots between available potassium and ammonium nitrogen，soil organic matters，electrical conductivity.Soil nutrients from other plant plots had few interactions with physical and chemical factors.In conclusion，significant differences existed in the distribution of soil nutrients in time and space，and specific synchronization existed between soil nutrients and vegetation types.

Effect of Biochar and Humic Acid Addition on the Soil Aggregate of Danjiangkou Reservoir

YU Jingjing, CAI Debao, CHEN Xiuwen, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Jibao

2021, 50(11): 87-96. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.011

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The influences of biochar and humic acid on soil aggregate stability and microbial community structure of Danjiangkou Reservoir were evaluated in this study.Soil samples were incubated outdoor for 12 months by adding 0，150，300 kg/ha of humic acid（H0，H1，H2）and 0，750，1 500 kg/ha of biochar（B0，B1，B2）. Then，sieving methods were used to detect the distribution of soli aggregates composition，the mean weight diameter（MWD）and percentage of aggregate disruption（PAD）.The numbers of soil fungi，bacteria and actinomycetes were measured by microbial dilution plate counting cultivation method.The results showed that addition of biochar and humic acid significantly impacted the soil aggregate composition. With the increase of biochar and humic acid addition，the amount of >0. 5 mm water stability aggregate increased and <0. 5 mm water stability aggregate decreased gradually. Compared with the control treatment without addition of biochar and humic acid，under only addition of humic acid or biochar，or the combined application of both，the average amount of >0.5 mm water stability aggregate increased by 25.4%，115.5%，135.9%，the average of MWD increased by 19.5%，93.0%，110.2%，the average of PAD reduced by 14.1%，47.3%，55.2%，the average amount of bacteria increased by 4.2%，129.8%，139.8%，the average amount of actinomycetes increased by 12.7%，77.8%，99.3%，the average amount of fungi increased by 20.7%，77.7%，80.4%，respectively. Among them，the average amount of >0.5 mm water stability aggregate，bacteria，actimomycetes and fungi was the highest in B2H2 treatment，which increased by 183.3%，199.8%，121.2%，88.5%，respectively compared with the control.In general，adding humic acid or biochar can enhance the formation of macroaggregates（>0.25 mm），improve the stability of soil structure and increase the abundance of soil culturable microorganisms of Danjangkou Reservoir.The combined application of biochar and humic acid was more helpful to promote the formation of soil macroaggregates and the growth of microorganisms than the single addition.

QTL Mapping of Rice Blast Resistance Based on RIL Population in Rice

ZHANG Xiaohua, TIAN Lei, LUO Chengke, MA Tianli, LI Peifu, SUN Jianchang, ZHANG Yinxia

2021, 50(11): 97-107. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.012

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In order to continuously explore and utilize resistance genes and cultivate resistant varieties，in this study，with F6 and F7 recombinant inbred line（RIL） populations containing 189 strains as experimental materials，which were produced by the rice blast resistant parent Jingning 11（male parent）and the rice blast susceptible parent 2013ZJP‑3（female parent）,99 pairs of SSR molecular markers with polymorphism among the parents were used to construct a genetic linkage map.At the same time，the resistance of RILs together with their two parents to rice blast was identified by artificial inoculation and natural induction using superior races of rice blast in Ningxia.The QTLs for rice resistance to leaf blast and spike neck blast were detected by IciMapping 4.0 software.The results showed that leaf blast resistance of F7 populations displayed continuous distribution，and most materials were biased towards the resistant parent Jingning 11.According to QTL localization analysis，a total of 11 QTL sites were detected.There were four QTLs related to leaf blast resistance，located on chromosomes 6，6，6，10，with contribution rate of 5% to 8%.The QTL with the highest contribution rate was located on chromosome 6. There were four QTLs related to spike neck blast resistance，located on chromosomes 6，10，10，11，with contribution rate of 5% to 8%.There were three QTLs related to comprehensive resistance index，located on chromosomes 6，10，10.In addition，two loci were found for spike neck blast resistance and comprehensive resistance index in the marker RM1125 on chromosome 10，explaining 8% and 6% of phenotypic variation，and the additive effects were -0.75，-0.40.The synergistic gene of the QTL was from the male parent Jingning 11.

Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria of Streptomyces scabies

TAI Lianmei, CHEN Zhiyao, WANG Peng, WANG Yuqi, JIN Guanghui, JIN Xuehui,

2021, 50(11): 108-116. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.013

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In order to obtain strains that have antagonistic effects on Streptomyces scabies，181 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy plants in the potato scab‑infected plot of Keshan Farm in Qiqihar City，Heilongjiang Province.The flat plate stand‑off growth method and the Oxford cup test were used to screen and re‑screen the isolated strains，and a strain BKS51 with obvious antagonistic effect on S.scabies was obtained，with a bacteriostatic diameter of 37 mm，and the potted plant control effect reached 81.0%.The morphological characteristics，physiological and biochemical characteristics of BKS51 were determined，16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences were analyzed，and the antibacterial spectrum was determined.The results showed that the colony of strain BKS51 was round，milky white，opaque，with fold‑like protrusions，irregular edges.The strain was rod‑shaped，and gram‑positive，nitric acid reduction reaction was positive，and glucose fermentation reaction and MR reaction were negative.Combined with sequence analysis results of 16S rRNA and gyrB，it was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.BKS51 had an inhibitory effect on a variety of plant pathogens，among them，the inhibition rates on Bipolaris zeicola and Bipolaris oryzae were higher，reaching 67.2% and 62.4%respectively.

Transcriptome Analysis of Nanocellulose‑Fe Chelate Correcting Iron‑deficiency Chlorosis of Pear

GUO Xianping, BIAN Yiwei, WANG Dongsheng, WU Zhongying, WANG Hezhong, LIAN Xiaodong, GUO Peng

2021, 50(11): 117-129. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.014

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In order to explore the molecular mechanism of nanocellulose‑Fe chelate correctingiron‑deficiency chlorosis of pear，Pyrus betulifolia leaves with iron‑deficiency chlorosis obtained by hydroponics was treated with 4 mmol/L of FeSO₄（T1）and nanocellulose‑Fe chelate in which nanocellulose and FeSO₄ were chelated at a charge ratio of 1∶3 000（T2）by spraying method. Deionized water was served as control（CK）.The active iron content，SPAD and net photosynthetic rate of the leaves were determined after 72 h of treatment，and the leaves transcriptome was sequenced and analyzed.The results showed that the active iron contents of T1 and T2 were significantly increased by 110.7% and 235.8% compared with the control，the SPAD values were significantly increased by 26.1% and 61.7% respectively，the net photosynthetic rates were significantly increased by 70.1% and 98.5%，respectively，and there was a significant difference between T1 and T2. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that T1 vs CK and T2 vs CK had 1 033 and 1 943 differentially expressed genes，respectively.GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the number of GO items enriched in T2 was all greater than T1 in molecular function，cell composition and biological process，mainly involving metal ion fixation，oxidation‑reduction process，chloroplast，photosynthetic light harvesting. KEGG enrichment analysis found that only 55 differentially expressed genes of T1 were annotated into 4 pathways，and 712 differentially expressed genes of T2 were annotated into 18 pathways compared with the control. These differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in photosynthesis‑antenna proteins，photosynthesis，carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,and metabolic pathways.According to the analysis of gene expression level of Pyrus betulifolia ferritin gene family，four ferritin genes of T2 were all highly expressed than those of T1. In the pathways of photosynthesis-antenna protein and photosynthesis,the expression levels of 58 genes in T1 and T2 were up-regulated compared with the control，and the expression levels of 56 genes in T2 were higher than in T1.The results of the expression patterns of eight selected differentially expressed genes verified by qRT-PCR were all consistent with the results of RNA-Seq analysis.Comprehensive analysis showed that spraying nanocellulose-Fe chelate could mobilize more genes and metabolic pathways，enhancing its recovery ability from iron-deficiency chlorosis of pear.

Characteristic Parameters of Branch Vessel Element and Its Relationship with Tree Growth in Spur‑type Fuji Apple

FU Xiaoya, SHEN Zhen, ZHU Yuning, LI Zhongyong, LIU Wentian, XU Jizhong

2021, 50(11): 130-138. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.015

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In order to explore the dwarfing mechanism of spur‑type Fuji apple，standard‑type Fuji Champion and Changhong，spur‑type Liquan spur and Tianhong No.2 were used as the test materials.The tree size and branch composition in two years were investigated. The characteristic，size and cross section of vessel element in 1‑year‑old branches of standard‑type and spur‑type were observed under optical microscope，and the maximum hydraulic conductivity was also studied.The results showed that the tree height，girth，branch length，branch width of the spur‑type were smaller than the standard‑type，the ratio of short shoots of the spur‑type was bigger than the standard‑type；compared with the standard‑type Fuji，the spur‑type Fuji had shorter vessel length，smaller width，larger indination angle of end wall，smaller vessel density，lumen diameter，lumen area and proportion of total lumen area in xylem，and the maximum hydraulic conductivity was lower than the standard‑type Fuji.The above results showed that the vessel of spur‑type Fuji was short and narrow，and the proportion of total lumen area to xylem was lower.This structure restricted the transportation of water and nutrients，so that the spur‑type Fuji showed the characteristics of dwarf.

Construction and Biological Characterization of ssaV Gene Mutant of Salmonella pullorum

XU Guanbing, WANG Liping, CUI Suning, ZHANG Zhen, LIANG Xuerui, ZHAO Jie, DUAN Yanhong, PAN Pengtao, LI Xuehua, YIN Junlei, ZHI Lijuan

2021, 50(11): 139-145. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.016

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ssaV gene on the pathogenicity of Salmonella pullorum.According to the homologous recombination technique，the target DNA with the homologous arms was amplified in the plasmid pKD3.Next the DNA fragment was transformed into Salmonella pullorum C79‑13 which already had the plasmid pKD46，after loss of pKD46，the plasmid
pCP20 was transformed into the recombinant strain C79‑13ΔssaV∶∶Cm to delete the chloramphenicol resistance gene，then the mutant C79‑13ΔssaV was confirmed through screening，and its complement strain C79‑13ΔssaV（pBR322‑ssaV）was also constructed.The results of basic biological characteristics showed that the growth characteristics and biochemical characteristics of C79‑13ΔssaV did not change compared to those of C79‑13，and the mutant C79‑13ΔssaV was stable after lacking of ssaV，the loss of ssaV reduced the colonial ability of Salmonella pullorum in chickens，the LD50 of C79‑13ΔssaV was at least 100 times that of C79‑13 for chickens after oral challenge.This study demonstrated that loss of ssaV gene could decrease significantly the virulence of Salmonella pullorum，which laid a foundation for further research on the function of ssaV and development of an attenuated vaccine against Salmonella pullorum infection.

Assessment for Fish Index of Biotic Integrity of Lake Enclosed in Autumn in Poyang Lake Wetland

XIONG Guoyong

2021, 50(11): 146-152. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.017

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In order to deeply understand the current ecological situation of Lake Enclosed in Autumn in Poyang Lake area，six waters in Lake Enclosed in Autumn in Nanji Wetland Reserve were investigated and evaluated by using the method of fish index of biotic integrity.The investigation showed that thirty six species of fish，which were all native species，belonged to six orders and eleven families.Among them，twenty five species were of Cyprinidae.The species diversity of carnivorous secondary consumers was relatively rich，and the omnivorous individuals were more.There were twenty seven species of pollution tolerant fish and nine species of pollution sensitive fish.No fish individuals with significant deformity and serious bacterial infection were found.The scores of fish index of biotic integrity showed that five waters in Lake Enclosed in Autumn were generally healthy and one was healthy.

Copy Number Variation and Divergence of hif-1a Gene Family in Oncorhynchus mykiss

WANG Xianzong, SONG Jing, YANG Chunjuan

2021, 50(11): 153-161. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.018

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To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of hypoxia intolerance of Oncorhynchus mykiss，BLAST search and reconstruction of maximum likelihood tree were conducted to determine the copy number of hif-1a family.Tissue expression profiles，co‑expressed genes and their enriched GO terms，distribution of conserved domains and three‑dimensional structures of partial domains were compared between these copies.The results showed that there were two copies of hif-1a in O.mykiss，the orthologs of which in Danio rerio were all hif-1aa.The two copies varied significantly in tissue expression profiles.Their co‑expressed genes and GO terms related to angiogenesis，cell proliferation，material transport and metabolism enriched by these co‑expressed genes also varied greatly in number.The proteins encoded by them both contained five conserved domains，among which the two C‑TAD domains both contained structural innovation，while the two bHLH domains varied greatly in three‑dimensional structure.Collectively，O.mykiss lost hif-1ab before the recent whole genome duplication event，while the two existing hif-1aa copies have been rapidly evolving towards subfunctionalization.Some geographical
populations might already have genotypes that are helpful to improve hypoxia tolerance.

FPAR Estimation of Cotton Breeding Material Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）Multispectral Images

TANG Zhongjie, WANG Laigang, GUO Yan, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Hongli, YANG Xiuzhong, HE Jia

2021, 50(11): 162-171. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.019

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Rapid，nondestructive and high‑throughput acquisition of photosynthetically active radiation（PAR）information of cotton breeding materials is of great significance to the breeding and cultivation management of cotton varieties with high light efficiency.In this study，a multispectral image acquisition system was built based on the unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） carring the Micasense RedEdge‑M multispectral imager to obtain the multispectral images from the canopy of cotton breeding materials and extract the reflectivity characteristic parameters.Firstly，based on the multispectral image of cotton breeding material，five channel reflectivity values were extracted from each FPAR（fraction of photosynthetically active radiation）measurement point，including blue，green，red，red edge and near infrared，to construct multispectral variables.Secondly，the quantitative relationship between different multispectral variables and FPAR was analyzed，and the unitary linear regression models and multiple linear regression models of FPAR were established. Finally，the accuracy of the estimation model was verified based on the measured FPAR.The results showed that the multispectral remote sensing images of cotton breeding materials could quickly and intuitively characterize the phenotypic traits such as leaf color and growth status of plant canopy.There was a good correlation between the multispectral variables of transformed soil adjusted vegetation index（TSAVI），soil adjusted vegetation index（SAVI），perpendicular vegetation index（PVI），ratio vegetation index（RVI），difference vegetation index（DVI），enhanced vegetation index（EVI），normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI），atmospherically resistant vegetation index（ARVI）and the FPAR，and the range of |r| was 0.542—0.932. There was a good estimation effect of the unitary linear regression models of the FPAR based on TSAVI，and the R² and the SE of the estimated model were 0.867 and 0.115，respectively，and the R²，RPD and RMSE of the verified model were 0.932，2.468 and 0.119，respectively.

Synergistic Changes of Physical State and Main Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaves during Flue‑curing

LIU Wei, GUO Weimin, XU Lei, YUAN Shuai, ZHOU Hanping, WANG Guangshan, HUANG Rui, DUAN Yufeng, FU Fei

2021, 50(11): 172-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.020

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In order to establish a prediction model of internal chemical composition of tobacco leaves during flue‑curing process based on physical state，the experiment on different flue‑curing technology of fresh tobacco leaves with different qualities was utilized to investigate the synergistic changes of moisture content，color value and main chemical components during flue‑curing process，and a regression model of chemical components of tobacco leaves during flue‑curing process was established.During the flue‑curing process，the leaf moisture content gradually decreased from 74%—75%，the lightness value L and yellowness value b firstly increased and then decreased，and the redness value a firstly increased substantially and then increased slightly.The apparent color of tobacco leaves showed three stages offlue‑curing process，leaf moisture content was significantly negatively correlated with total sugar content and significantly positively correlated with starch content，and leaf color values L，a，b were significantly positively correlated with reducing sugar and total sugar content，and negatively correlated with starch content.The regression prediction model of starch content in flue‑curing process could be established by using redness value a and yellowness value b.The average absolute deviation of 84 samples in and out of the model was less than 3%.The color value of tobacco leaves was closely related to the carbohydrate content during flue‑curing process，and the starch content of tobacco leaves could be predicted by using the redness value a and yellowness value b.

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