Table of Content

Volume 49 Issue 12
15 December 2020
Contents
Reviews
Crop Cultivation & Genetic Breeding
Agricultural Resources and Environment
Plant Protection
Horticulture
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
Agricultural Information and Engineering and Agricultural Product Processing


Article List
Full Abstract
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Reviews

Research Progress on Girdling Mechanism and Non-invasive Girdling Technology of Pomiculture

XU Haobo, FENG Jiancan, FAN Lili, YANG Haiqing, FAN Wei

2020, 49(12):  1-9.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.001

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Girdling is a common technique in pomiculture.This paper summarizes the wound healing mechanism after girdling,and discusses the regulation mechanism of girdling on plant carbohydrate balance,water balance,flower bud differentiation,photosynthesis and fruit appearance.Then put forward the technical advantages of non-invasive girdling,and reviews its research progress.This article provides a theoretical basis for further research on the non-invasive girdling technology.


Crop Cultivation & Genetic Breeding

Selection of Nitrogen-Efficient Wheat Varieties Based on Principal Component Analysis

SONG Xiao, ZHANG Keke, HUANG Chenchen, HUANG Shaomin, GUO Doudou, YUE Ke, ZHANG Shuiqing

2020, 49(12):  10-16.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.002

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In order to study the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and screen nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties,the principal component analysis method was used to study the 12 nitrogen efficiency indexes of 27 wheat varieties based on the 2 years experiment. The results showed that the 12 nitrogen efficiency indexes all had variation among different wheat varieties,and the coefficient of variation was 4.95%—30.91%.The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components extracted by principal component analysis was 86.289% in 2017,and the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components extracted was 91.711% in 2018,which fully reflected the nitrogen efficiency information.Combining the comprehensive scores of nitrogen efficiency of each wheat variety and grain yield,the highyield nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties were Xinong 979,Xuke 168,Zhongyu 1211,Zhengmai 113,Luomai 29,Zhoumai 28, Zhoumai 22, Zhongyu 1220, Xinmai 29 and Bainong 4199; low-yield, nitrogen-lowefficiency varieties were Zhoumai 27,Zhoumai 30,Yangao 58,Luomai 31,Xinong 511,Luomai 26,Luomai 34,Fengde Cunmai 5,Zhengpinmai 8 and Luomai 18;low-yield,nitrogen-efficient variety was Zhoumai 32;high-yield,nitrogen-low efficiency variety was Lankao 198.


Effects of Long-Term No-Tillage with Straw Mulching on Annual Yield and Water Use of Wheat and Maize

SHAO Yunhui, LÜ Junjie, LI Junhong, DING Zhiqiang, ZHANG Jie, YAO Yuqing, LI Xiangdong

2020, 49(12):  17-23.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.003

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The effects of no-tillage with straw mulching(leaving wheat stubble,whole maize straw mulching)on annual yield and water use of wheat and maize were studied by 14 years(2004—2018) located experiment in Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site of China Academy,so as to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the popularization and application of this technology.The results showed that,compared with the traditional tillage model,the no-tillage with straw mulching increased soil pondage by 15.4 mm on average at wheat harvest time and by 18.0 mm on average at maize harvest time,respectively,which effectively alleviated the water supply and demand contradiction during wheat and maize planting in dryland area;wheat grain yield increased by 12.43%,and water use efficiency(WUE) of wheat increased by 10.9%,while those of maize increased by 24.02% and 32.1% respectively,those of wheat and maize increased by 18.50% and 20.7% respectively.As influenced by the amount and distribution of precipitation,the effect of no-tillage with straw mulching technology varied greatly among different years,better effects was usually obtained in those years when wheat yield was below 4 500 kg/ha.


Effect of Magnetized Reclaimed Water on Seedling Growth of Maize and Soil Salinity

LIU Chuncheng, RONG Hao, LI Zhongyang, HU Chao, ZENG Zhi, WU Haiqing, WANG Juan, CUI Bingjian, FAN Xiangyang, LIU Yuan, CUI Erping, GAO Feng

2020, 49(12):  24-32.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.004

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Taking maize as research material,maize germination test and seedling growth experiment were carried out,the effects of magnetized clear water with five different magnetic field intensities of 0,1 000,3 000,5 000,8 000 Gs on maize germination were studied,and the effects of magnetized reclaimed water irrigation with five different magnetic field intensities of 0,1 000,3 000,5 000,8 000 Gs on maize seedling growth were also studied with magnetized clear irrigation as the control,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the safe utilization of reclaimed water.The results showed that the germination energy,germination rate and germination index of maize seeds increased with the increase of magnetic field intensity 0—5 000 Gs,and the vigor index gradually decreased,but when the magnetic field intensity reached 8 000 Gs,the germination energy,germination rate and germination index started to reduce,and the vigor index was basically the same as that of the non-magnetized treatment,but the above differences were not significant. Compared with magnetized clear water irrigation, magnetized reclaimed water irrigation could increase the height of maize seedling,but there was not significant difference. Compared with non-magnetized reclaimed water, magnetized reclaimed water could inhibit the increase of plant height to a certain extent in the early stage of maize seedlings growth,but promote the increase of plant height in the later stage of seedling growth,especially the treatments with magnetic field intensities of 3 000 Gs and 8 000 Gs. Compared with non-magnetized treatment,on the whole,magnetized reclaimed water irrigation and magnetized clear water irrigation could increase the moisture content and SOD activity of maize seedling leaves, and decrease soil water repellency; medium-intensity magnetized reclaimed water irrigation and magnetized clean water irrigation both tended to significantly increase soil salinity,but there was no significant difference between magnetized reclaimed water treatment and magnetized clean water treatment.After comprehensive analysis,magnetized water could improve maize seed germination and seedling growth on the whole, but there was no significant difference in enhancement of maize seedling growth between magnetized reclaimed water treatment and magnetized clear water treatment,and medium-intensity magnetized reclaimed water irrigation and magnetized clean water irrigation irrigation both increased soil salinity.


Effects of Magnesium and Manganese on Contents of DXP Pathway Intermediate Substances,Some Organic Acids and Advanced Fatty Acids in Flue-cured Tobacco

LI Guoming, ZU Qingxue, FENG Yuxiang, LIAO Heng, ZHANG Han, LU Yingang

2020, 49(12):  33-40.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.005

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In order to explore the regulation methods for the production of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves,Yunyan 87,the main planting variety in Guizhou tobacco area,was selected to analyze the content change of the related substances of flue-cured tobacco DXP pathway(pyruvate,DXP,IPP,cembra triene diol) and some organic acids and higher fatty acids under different application rates of magnesium and manganese.The results showed that the contents of flue-cured tobacco cembra triene diol and some higher fatty acids(oleic acid,linoleic acid) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the growth process,the content of malic acid showed a gradually increasing trend,and the content of citric acid showed a tend of first decreasing and then increasing;Regarding the related products of the DXP pathway,under the condition of magnesium application, the content of β-cembra triene diol had no significant correlation with the content of DXP and IPP,but there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the other indicators;Under the condition of manganese application,there was no significant correlation between the content of DXP and the contents of pyruvate,IPP,and β-cembra triene diol, but there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation among the other indicators.Compared with CK,applying magnesium and manganese could increase the content of DXP pathway related substances and some organic acids and higher fatty acids in tobacco leaves to varying degrees,and increase with the increase of application rate within the application range of 0—20 g/plant, magnesium sulfate was more effective than manganese sulfate;It was the best effect when the application rate of magnesium sulfate was 20 g/plant,the content of(α,β)-cembra triene diol in mature flue-cured tobacco increased by 11.99% and 36.72%,respectively,and the content of malic acid and citric acid contents increased by 21.77% and 19.71%,respectively;The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid increased by 27.46% and 43.38%, respectively.In summary, the application of magnesium and manganese are beneficial to the accumulation of related substances in the DXP pathway and organic acid of flue-cured tobacco, which is expected to promote the synthesis of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco.



Effects of Propagation Generations of Basal Part of Stem on Agronomic Characters and Quality of Chinese Yam

LIU Guobin, ZHANG Hongrui, LI Shike, GAO Zhiming

2020, 49(12):  41-46.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.006

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To explore the relationship between propagation generation? and agronomic characters and quality of Chinese yam and clarify the time to update basal part of stem,the first,second,third and fourth generations of Chinese yam basal part of stem were used as materials,and the emergence time,seedling rate,rhizome length,rhizome diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of single rhizome were studied with random block test.The contents of starch,soluble sugar and protein were determined by spectrophotometry,and the diosgenin and allantoin by HPLC.The results showed that rhizome length,rhizome diameter,single branch fresh weight,single branch dry weight and allantoin content all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of propagation generations,and reached the maximum value in the third generation,which were 109.77 cm,31.58 mm,324.78 g,92.38 g,21.79 mg/g,respectively;While the protein content change was contrary to the above indexes,and the third generation was the lowest,which was152.89 mg/g.The content of soluble sugar decreased with the increase of generations,and reached the minimum in the fourth generation,which was 34.23 mg/g;the contents of starch and diosgenin were the highest in the third generation,which were 218.00 mg/g and 0.177 3 mg/g,respectively.We conclude that the third generation of Chinese yam has the best agronomic and quality characters,while the fourth generation has begun to decline. Therefore,it is necessary to update the basal part of stem regularly to en sure the yield and quality of Chinese yam.


Effect of Application of Soil Conditioner and Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Potatoes in Yellow-Tide Soil Region of Eastern Henan

CUI Baowei

2020, 49(12):  47-53.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.007

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The field experiment was conducted,and the effects of the different fertilization treatments(T1:conventional fertilization, control;T2:conventional fertilization+45 kg/ha soil conditioner; T3:conventional fertilization+ 18 000 kg/ha organic fertilizer;T4:conventional fertilization+18 000 kg/ha organic fertilizer+45 kg/ha soil conditioner;T5:conventional fertilization+22 500 kg/ha organic fertilizer)on soil physical and chemical properties,potato agronomic traits,yield and quality were studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for potato production in the yellow-tide soil region of eastern Henan.The results showed that compared with the control,application of soil conditioner and organic fertilizer could improve soil physical and chemical properties,potato growth and development,yield and quality.Among them,the application effect of T4 treatment was the most significant.Compared with control,the organic matter,alkali-decomposed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of T4 treatment increased by 37.44%,10.51%,18.99% and 19.81% respectively; the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of T4 treatment increased by 29.48%,33.62% and 30.90% respectively; the ratio of big potatoes of T4 treatment increased by 43.08%,and yield increased by 31.98% significantly; the starch,crude protein, reducing sugar and vitrinin C(Vc) contents of T4 treatment increased by 43.98%,27.61%,49.59% and 31.20% respectively. Comprehensive consideration, T4 treatment(conventional fertilization+18 000 kg/ha organic fertilizer+45 kg/ha soil conditioner)was the best for increasing potato yield,improving quality and soil.



Analysis and Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Stem for Different Types of Sesame

SU Xiaoyu , WANG Dongwei, WEI Libin, GAO Tongmei, WANG Dongyong, LI Feng, TIAN Yuan, WEI Shuangling

2020, 49(12):  54-59.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.008

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To comprehensively analyze the nutritional components of sesame stem,explore the potential comprehensive utilization value of sesame stem,and provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of sesame stem resources,three kinds of sesame varieties including white sesame,black sesame and golden sesame were selected.The contents of crude fiber (cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin),ash,total sugar,crude protein,crude fat,amino acids,fatty acids and inorganic elements in different parts of sesame stem were determined and analyzed.The results showed that crude cellulose and sugar were the main components of sesame stem,in which the crude cellulose content of white sesame stem was the highest,up to 78.73%,and the basal part was higher than the middle part and the top part,and the total sugar content of black sesame stem was the highest,and top part was higher than the other parts.Meanwhile,the sesame stem was rich in 15 kinds of amino acids,and the total amino acid content was 14.54—33.93 g/kg,among which glutamic acid and aspartic acid contents were the highest. In addition,the mineral elements were rich in the sesame stem,the content of potassium(6.11—25.80 g/kg) was the highest,and the content of iron was the highest in trace elements which reached 155.50mg/kg.Comprehensive analy sis shows that there are great differences in chemical composition of different types of sesame stem.The crude fiber content of white sesame stem is higher,which can be used as fiber chemical and papermaking raw materials. Black sesame stem has higher contents of sugar and protein,so it can be preferred to be mixed with other raw materials as fodder.



Agricultural Resources and Environment

Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate Biochar on Soil Cu Form and Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Beet in Sewage Irrigation Areas

ZHANG Guosheng, YAN Meng, CHENG Hongyan, ZHANG Haibo, OH Kokyo, CHANG Jianning, HUANG Fei, HE Xiaofang, SU Long, GAO Jianyong

2020, 49(12):  60-68.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.009

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In order to fully exploit and spent mushroom substrate resources and remediate heavy metalpolluted soil,biochars were prepared from spent Hericium capitatum substrate,sugar beet pot experiment was used,and the effects of different dosages(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,percentage of air-dried soil mass) of spent mushroom substrate biochars on soil physical and chemical properties,Cu form,beet growth,stressresistant enzyme activity and Cu absorption in sewage irrigation areas were studied.The results showed that, compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available
phosphorus and available potassium increased gradually with the increase of biochar application amount,and increased by 28.7%, 17.1%, 45.8%, 174.1% when the spent mushroom substrate biochars application amount was 2.0%; the activities of soil catalase,alkaline phosphatase,sucrase and urease showed an increasing trend in general,and increased by 1.5%,16.0%,24.3%,6.9% when the spent mushroom substrate biochars application amount was 2.0%, catalase and urease activities increased insignificantly.For Cu form,compared with CK(without biochar),different dosages of spent mushroom substrate biochar reduced the contents of Cu in the weak acid extraction state and the reducible state,and increased the contents of Cu in the oxidizable state and the residual state.The morphological changes of Cu were mainly the decrease of reducible state and the increase of residue state. When the application amount was 2.0%,the changes of reducible state and residue state of Cu were 34.6% and 24.8%,respectively. The application of spent mushroom substrate biochar could promote the growth of sugar beet,with 1 0% as the best application amount; compared with CK,the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and malondialdehyde content in sugar beet of different treatments were all decreased;the uptake of Cu in the overground and root system of sugar beet was significantly reduced. Comprehensive analysis showed that the application of spent mushroom substrate biochar could enhance the contents of soil organic matter and avaliable nutrients,promote the general promotion of soil enzyme activity,alleviate the heavy metal stress of sugar beet,promote the growth of sugar beet and the transformation of Cu into residual state,among which the effect was the best when the application amount was 2.0%.



Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Ammonia Oxidizing Microorganisms in Wheat Rhizosphere Soil

LI Xiaoyang, GUO Xiali

2020, 49(12):  69-76.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.010

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In order to explore the effects of decreasing the amount of nitrogen application on microbial populations in wheat rhizosphere soil during farmland planting,thus provide theoretical basis for preventing nitrogen environmental pollution and increasing agricultural planting benefits, based on the highthroughput sequencing technology of Illumina Miseq,the effects of different fertilization levels on the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)in wheat rhizosphere soil were analyzed at different growth stages.Redundancy analysis(RDA)was used to explore the relationship between soil environmental factors and ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities.The results showed that the main dominant phylum of AOB and AOA in soil samples were Proteobacteria and unclassified group,respectively.The relative abundance of Nitrosospira in Proteobacteria was 2.78%—3.06%,which was higher than that of Nitrosovibrio.The Chao indexes (58.00~69.17) of rhizosphere soil AOA of different nitrogen application treatements at different growth stages were higher than those of AOB.Except that the Chao index of AOA of the nitrogen reduction treatment was higher than that of no nitrogen treatment and conventional fertilizer application treatment at standing stage of wheat,different nitrogen application levels had no significant effects on the diversity of AOA and AOB.Redundancy analysis indicated that AOB may dominate the nitrification of the wheat rhizosphere.The results indicated that there were more AOAs in the rhizosphere soil of wheat.Both AOA and AOB were involved in the nitrification of wheat rhizosphere soil,but AOB may play a leading role in nitrification.In the wheat growing season,reduction of nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly decrease the diversity of AOA and AOB compared with conventional fertilization,and did not inhibit the potential nitrification rate.



Rapid Detection of Profenofos Using Colloidal Gold Immunoassay Based on Monoclonal Antibody

WANG Zhaoqin, ZHANG Fusheng, DENG Jiajun, MA Yuhua, CUI Tingting, CUI Na, WAN Yuping

2020, 49(12):  77-82.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.011

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In order to realize the rapid detection of profenofos in vegetables,the preparation of colloidal gold strip for detection of profenofos was studied by immunochromatographic technique.Colloidal gold immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection of profenofos was established by using monoclonal antibody labeled with colloidal gold particles as detection probe,and nitrocellulose membrane was used as solid carrier,profenofos-OVA conjugate as the detection line and goat-anti-rat IgG as the control line.The results showed that the detection limit of the strip was 0.10 mg/kg.The sensitivity,specificity,false negative rate and false positive rate of the strip were 96%,93%,4% and 7%,respectively.The relative accuracy of the strip was 94.5% with good repeatability. The developed colloidal gold immunoassay is simple in operation,fast in detection,and low in cost,and is suitable for on-site screening and detection of profenofos residues in vegetables.


Plant Protection

Effects of Bispyribac-Sodium on Tobacco Growth and Its Degradation Dynamics

FANG Kuan, XU Qian, LIN Qing, LIN Wei, ZHANG Xiaolian, LIU Yalei, WANG Xiuguo, SONG Jiangyu, LIU Jianyang, LIU Tong

2020, 49(12):  83-90.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.012

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Irregular use of herbicides in rice-tobacco rotation system often leads to phytotoxicity in subsequent tobacco crops.In order to identify the phytotoxicity symptoms of bispyribac-sodium,detect the harmful dose of bispyribac-sodium,and recommend the safe interval period of bispyribac-sodium,the symptoms of bispyribac-sodium phytotoxicity,the influences of bispyribac-sodium on tobacco agronomic and physiological characteristics,and the residual digestion dynamics and harmful dose to tobacco of bispyribac-sodium were systematically studied using field experiment and indoor pot experiment.The results showed that the residual bispyribac-sodium could cause tobacco plants to be short,tobacco leaves to become yellow and curly,and even brown drug spots or wilt and necrosis.In addition,the effect of bispyribac-sodium on agronomic characteristics of tobacco plants deepen with the increase of the dosage and the exposure time.The large inhibitory effect on plant height and leaf area was observed,and the effect was about the same on the 60th day. Moreover,residual bispyribac-sodium disorder the hormone contents in different leaf tissues,in which the contents of IAA and GA₃ were significantly reduced,while ABA content increased in various.The digestion tests showed that when the content of bispyribac-sodium in soil and tobacco leaves was greater than 0. 012 0 mg/kg and 0.018 5 mg/kg,respectively,there would be phytotoxicity on tobacco,and the safety interval period was 85 days. In summary,if the content of bispyribac-sodium in the soil and tobacco leaves was greater than 0. 012 0 mg/kg and 0.018 5 mg/kg,respectively,measures should be taken in time to avoid negative effects on tobacco,meanwhile,the application interval period should be greater than 85 days.



Feeding and Oviposition Selectivity of Spodoptera litura to Different Host Plants#br#

CONG Shengbo, WANG Ling, WANG Jintao, XU Dong, LIU Weiguo, WAN Peng, YANG Nina

2020, 49(12):  91-96.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.013

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Five large-scale planted crops (cotton, soybean, sweet potato, sesame and peanut) were selected to determine the larval feeding and egg-laying preference of Spodoptera litura using the dish-leaf and oviposition-in-cage methods,so as to provide theoretical basis for the host-transfer regularity,regional monitoring and integrative prevention & control system.The results showed that the 1st instar larvae maintained a high feeding rate on the leaves of cotton,soybean,sweet potato,sesame and peanut in the non-selective feeding experiment,and showed no obvious avoidance behavior.In the selective feeding
experiment,the feeding rate of the 1st instar larvae increased first with time elapsed, followed by a decrease on the leaves of cotton, soybean, sweet potato and sesame, while the feeding rate gradually decreased on the leaves of peanut.It was concluded that the 1st instar larvae preferred sweet potato leaves in terms of the leaf-feeding area,which was significantly higher than those of the other four host plants,and eating the least on peanut leaves.These results indicated that the S.litura larva presented different feeding preference to different host plants.The order of feeding preference was sweet potato>sesame>cotton,soybean>peanut.In the egg-laying preference experiment,female adults also showed significant
oviposition preference to five host plants.The number of eggs and egg masses were the largest on soybean(574.9 and 2.2,respectively),with the smallest number on peanut(36.7 and 0.6,respectively).The order of egg-laying preference was soybean>sweet potato>sesame>cotton>peanut.In conclusion,S.litura presents different feeding and oviposition preference to five host plants,and shows different behavioral rhythm.The order of larval feeding preference is inconsistent with that of adult oviposition preference.



Identification and Antibacterial Properties of an Antagonistic Bacterium Bacillus safensis against Walnut Fungal Disease

ZHANG Zhixiao, HU Lianrong, LIU Ling, JI Mei

2020, 49(12):  97-104.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.014

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To seek out the bacteria which had antifungal ability for walnut fungal disease, plate face-off test and co-culture test were carried out for antifungal characteristics of strain 7-3 in the lab.The morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics test,and 16S rRNA 16S rRNA phylogeny analysis of strain 7-3 were studied.The results showed that strain 7-3 was Bacillus safensis 7-3,it had a certain inhibitory effect on a variety of walnut pathogens, with a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial ability.The highest antagonistic activity was showed on the Diaporthe nobilis,inhibition rate was 82.9%.Meantime,the spore malformation of Pestalotiopsis disseminata was found when it was adhered with cell of strain 7-3,the same result was found when it was deal with high temperature sterilized fermentation broth or fermentation broth filter of strain 7-3.The results suggested that B.safensis 7-3 had excellent,stable and wide antifungal ability,its potential application was presented as a biological control agent for walnut fungal diseases management.


A New Record Genus and Species of Lampyridae from Henan Province

HE Shuyan, ZHANG Long

2020, 49(12):  105-106.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.015

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A new record genus,Vesta McDermott,1964 and a new record species,Vesta impressicollis(Faimaire,1891)of Lampyridae are reported from Henan Province in China.The habitus picture of new record species is presented. The specimens examined are deposited in Songyang Senior Middle School of Dengfeng,Henan Province.


Horticulture

Effects of CO2 Enrichment on Growth,Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Watermelon Seedlings under Salt Stress

SHU Xiuyu

2020, 49(12):  107-114.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.016

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In order to provide theoretical basis for improving salt tolerance of protected watermelon, the grafted seedlings of watermelon cultivar Qianli No.1 were used as experimental material,and the mitigative effect and mechanism of CO2 enrichment on watermelon seedlings under salt stress were investigated.The results showed that compared with control,the growth of watermelon seedlings were significantly inhibited under salt stress (400 μmol/mol CO₂ +80 mmol/L NaCl).The leaf relative water content,water potential,the root hydraulic conductance and osmotic potential and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) were also decreased to different extent.Meanwhile,the relative conductivity,MDA content,oxygen production rate,H₂O₂ content and antioxidant enzyme activity were significantly increased(P<0.05).The injury effect of watermelon seedlings were significantly alleviated and the growth was significantly improved by CO₂ enrichment(800 μmol/mol+80 mmol/L NaCl) under salt stress(P<0.05).In comparison with single salt stress treatment,the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight and total root length of salt-stressed watermel on seedlings enriched with CO2 were significantly increased by 25.42%,11.62%,21.61% and 30.49%,respectively,and the salt damage index was significantly decreased by 49.80%;the relative water content,water potential,osmotic potential,root hydraulic conductivity,Pn,superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase(APX) activities of salt-stressed watermelon seedlings enriched with CO₂ were significantly increased by 21.60%,71.06%,19.05%,17.11%,15.13%,18.77%,13.04%,13.23% and 13.29%,respectively,but the stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr),relative conductivity,MDA content,oxygen production rate and H₂O₂ content were significantly decreased by 23.91%,8.12%,14.84%,11.42%,16.00%,13.21% and 20.51%,respectively(P<0.05).In conclusion,CO2 enrichment could alleviate salt stress injury,and improve salt tolerance by improving water absorption and retention capacity,net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of watermelon seedlings under salt stress.



Effects of Different Preservation Treatments on Storage Quality of Jintao Kiwifruit under Refrigerated Conditions

NIU Jiajia, YUAN Yunling, LU Yunfeng, TIAN Long, TIAN Fengxia, LIU Wei, FAN Nana, ZHANG Sipu

2020, 49(12):  115-123.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.017

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To understand suitable approach of Jintao kiwifruit for retaining freshness under(2.0±0.5)℃ cold storage,the effects of PE film bag(PE),high carbon dioxide permeability film bag(HPE) and perforated PE film bag(PPE) combined with 1-MCP treatment(0.2 μL/L) and ethylene absorbent(EA) on the hardness,appearance color,TSS content,Vc content,CO₂/O₂ volume fraction,starch content,MDA content,POD activity of Jintao kiwifruit were studied.The results showed that different treatments could delay varying degrees of the decline rate of hardness,Vc content and starch content of Jintao kiwifruit,inhibit the the increase of a∗ value and TSS content,reduce the production of MDA at the later stage of storage,maintain POD activity at a higher level.Among them,the PE film bag adding 1-MCP treatment had the best effect. At the storage of 180 days,the hardness was 0.83kg/cm².The Vc content was the highest with 99.51×10^-2 g/L.The starch content was the highest with 30.50 mg/g.MDA content was the lowest with 0.941 mmol/g,POD activity was the highest with 66.2 U/(min·g),and these indicators were significantly different from the CK(P<0.05).Therefore,it is recommended to use PE film bag combined with 1-MCP treatment for Jintao kiwifruit cold storage.



Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Reversal Effect of Efflux Pump Inhibitor CCCP on Colistin Resistance of Salmonella Strains Mediated by Different Mechanisms

CUI Xiaodie, YI Kaifang, YANG Yingying, HE Dandan, WU Hua, YUAN Li, HU Gongzheng

2020, 49(12):  124-129.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.018

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In order to find a way to reverse the colistin resistance of bacterial,we investigated the effects of efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine(CCCP) on the colistin resistance of Salmonella isolates with different resistance mechanisms. PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to identify the clinical isolates of Salmonella.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of colistin against Salmonella was determined by broth dilution method.The resistant mechanism of Salmonella isolates to colistin was analyzed by routine PCR and whole genome second-generation sequencing.The reverse effect of CCCP on the colistin resistance of Salmonella isolates with different drug resistant mechanisms was analyzed.The results showed that a total of 32 Salmonella strains were identified. Eight colistin-resistant Salmonella isolates were randomly selected as the test strains,four of which were mcr-1 positive,the other four strains were mutants of twocomponent signal transduction system PhoPQ and PmrAB related genes.After adding CCCP,the MICs of colistin against 8 Salmonella isolates decreased significantly( the MIC reduced by 1/4 096 ~ 1/256).CCCP can reverse the resistance of Salmonella isolates mediated by plasmid and chromosome two-component signal transduction system.


Effects of NPY Gene Polymorphism on Egg Production Performance of Muscovy Ducks

ZHOU Xuan, TAN Bin, YANG Shihao, LUO Linli, ZHU Yongcai, WANG Jiao, YANG Shenglin

2020, 49(12):  130-136.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.019

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In order to investigate the genetic effect of NPY gene variation on egg production performance of Muscovy ducks,the egg production performance indicators of Muscovy ducks were determined.SNPs of NPY gene were screened by the method of directly sequencing of purified PCR products,and their effects on egg production performance were analyzed.The results showed that two moderate SNPs (A411G and A540G) which located on promoter region were detected in the NPY gene of Muscovy ducks.Each SNP produced three genotypes(AA、AG and GG),and the genotype distribution did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05).Three haplotypes and four diplotypes were found. Haplotype H1 and diplotype H1H2 displayed the highest frequency(both were 0.467).The laying start age of genotype AG was significantly(P<0.01) earlier than that of genotype AA,and diplotype H1H1 had a earlier laying start age compared to the other diplotype(P<0.05).Genotype GG had higher weight of the first egg compared to genotype AA(P<0.05),while diplotype H3H3 displayed higher weight of the first egg compared to the H1H1 and H1H2(P<0.05).For the 300-day egg yield,the genotype AG was significantly(P<0.01) higher than that of genotype AA,whereas the genotype GG was relatively higher than genotype AA(P<0.05),diplotype H3H3 had higher 300-day egg yield compared to H1H2 and H2H2(P<0.05).In summary,the genotype AG and the diplotype H3H3 Muscovy ducks displayed good egg production performance,these two SNPs could be used as genetic markers for egg production performance selection.



Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies against African Swine Fever Virus p17 Protein

BAI Jingjing, SONG Huanhuan, BAI Chenyu, HAO Liying, YAN Shijun, DU Mengmeng, LI Xiangdong, DENG Junhua, TIAN Kegong

2020, 49(12):  137-143.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.020

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In order to develop ASFV immunodiagnostic reagents,the purified recombinant ASFV p17 protein that expressed in baculovirus was utilized for immunization of BALB / c mice,and then the positive hybridoma which produced after fusion of spleen cells of the mice with high serum antibody titers to myeloma cells,was conducted by indirect ELISA. A total of 16 hybridomas that secreted specific MAbs against ASFV p17 were obtained,and the titers of ascites in all strains were between 1∶2.560×10⁶ and 1∶1.024 ×10⁷.MAbs isotype assay showed that heavy chain of 6 MAbs(6H6,4D1,7E8,3D1,2F4 and 2B4) were IgG1,and the rest of 10 MAbs(7H12,10H6,10F3,6E11,4B3,5F7,7H9,6C4,2F1 and 4H7) were IgG2a,while the light chain type of all the MAbs was κ.The results of IFA showed that 8 MAbs could react with ASFV.In summary,MAbs against ASFV p17 protein was successfully prepared.


Development of Monoclonal Antibodies against Chicken LTBP1 Protein

TENG Man, CHI Jiaqi, CHAI Shujun, LUO Jun

2020, 49(12):  144-150.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.021

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In order to study the function of latent transforming growth factor binding protein 1(LTBP1),the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid,pET-30a-LTBP1,was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 competent cells for the IPTG-induced protein expression. The recombinant LTBP1 protein was purified by denaturation and affinity chromatography,and used to immunize Balb/C mice.Cell fusion and hybridoma technology were performed to produce hybridomas and develop the monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) against chicken LTBP1 protein. The supernatant of specific antibodies were screened by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(iELISA),and two hybridoma cell lines named as 3C11-A9 and 2B1-G7 steadily secreting antibodies against LTBP1 protein of chicken were obtained.The cell line 3C11-A9 with higher titers was chose for the preparation and purification of mAb in mouse ascites. Both of the indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and Western blot analysis indicated that the 3C11-A9 mAb specifically reacted to chicken LTBP1 protein,and the IFA also demonstrated that 3C11-A9 mAb specifically stained the LTBP1 proteins expressed in eight cell lines derived from mammalians,including human being,monkey,pig and mouse.These data indicate that the chicken LTBP1-specific mAbs have been successfully developed,with a wide usage for the LTBP1.



Agricultural Information and Engineering and Agricultural Product Processing

Chemical Quality Evaluation of Flue-Cured Tobacco Based on Local Penalty Variable Weight

ZHANG Yonggang, REN Zhiguang, XIANG Boka, LIU Jianguo, ZHANG Xiaobing, XIA Chen, CHENG Changhe

2020, 49(12):  151-158.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.022

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In order to solve the shortage of traditional evaluation method of flue-cured tobacco chemical quality,the evaluation of chemical quality with variable weight was discussed.Taking flue-cured tobacco of 6 main producing counties in Nanyang as the research object,the normal weight was determined by e^0/5—e^8/5 scale analytic hierarchy process,and the variable weight vector of local punishment state was selected to establish the chemical quality evaluation model of flue-cured tobacco based on the variable weight theory.The results showed that the chemical composition weights obtained by e^0/5 —e^8/5 scale analytic method were more precise than that by 1—9 scale.The rank of the chemical constituents of the six counties by the variable weight evaluation method was Xixia>Tanghe>Sheqi>Fangcheng>Dengzhou>Neixiang; which by normal weight evaluation method was Xixia>Sheqi>Tanghe>Fangcheng>Dengzhou>Neixiang.The evaluation results of variable weight in different counties were lower than that of normal weight,which was more tally with the actual situation.The results showed that the variable weight evaluation method could better meet the requirements of highlighting the negative effects of poor chemical components and the integral proportionality in chemical quality.


Intelligent Acquisition of Rice Disease Images Based on Python Crawler and Feature Matching

YANG Tianle, QIAN Yinsen, WU Wei, SUN Chengming, LIU Tao

2020, 49(12):  159-163.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.023

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For timely diagnose and prevent the rice diseases,computer technology and image processing technology were used for disesae diagnosis. Python crawler technology was used to compile image crawler programs based on rice disease keywords.The feature matching of Matlab image was used to filter the image set to improve the accuracy of image collection.The results showed that the extraction accuracy of rice disease images obtained only by Python crawler technology was higher than 50. 00%,except bipolaris oryzae.Among them,the extraction effect of gibberellic disease was the best,with an accuracy rate of 72.7%.The false detection rate of images after the feature matching screening was below 6.00%,which not only improved the accuracy of data collection,but also showed that rice diseases image acquisition through the intelligent method was feasible.


Wheat Seedling Identification Based on K-means and Harris Corner Detection

XU Xin, LI Haiyang, FENG Yangyang, MA Xinming, SHEN Shuaijie, QIAO Xinyu

2020, 49(12):  164-171.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.024

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To solve the problem of low efficiency and time-consuming for the field investigation methods of wheat seedling count,we systematically studied the influence of the images acquired from the 1—4 leaf stage of wheat at different shooting angles of mobile devices on the number of wheat seedlings identified.Markers were set to locate and segment the two-row 1-meter area to be identified,and image processing technology was used to precisely cut and correct the target area. On this basis,the effects of four image segmentation methods on wheat seedling image segmentation were compared,and the image was automatically segmented into different connected regions using image segmentation algorithm,then the connected domain was used extraced for inner cavity filling and adhesion of wheat leaf apex angular point block processing,and the Harris corner detection algorithm was adopted to process the wheat seedling stem endpoint for identification.According to the one-to-one relationship between wheat and wheat seedling stem,the basic number of wheat seedlings was calculated. The experimental results showed that different mobile devices did not affect the wheat seedling identification accuracy,the best shooting angle of wheat seedling image was 45°,and K-means clustering segmentation algorithm had the best segmentation effect on basic wheat seedlings. At different shooting times, with the increase of wheat leaves, the identification accuracy decreased gradually,and the identification accuracy was more than 0.97 in the 1—2 leaf stage,R²=0.99.The identification accuracy in the 3—4 leaf stage was more than 0.95,R²= 0.93,indicating that the application of image segmentation based on K-means fast segmentation combined with Harris corner detection method for quick,accurate and intelligent monitoring and identification was feasible.




Design and Verification of Intelligent Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Management System for Crops

WANG Min, LIU Xuexun, ZANG Hecang, ZHANG Jie, WANG Meng, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Jiantao, LI Guoqiang, ZHENG Guoqing

2020, 49(12):  172-180.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.025

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In order to improve the dynamic and precise control of crop irrigation and nitrogen application,the study designed the intelligent irrigation and nitrogen application management system for crop including hardware and software.The system utilized the site polling technology,message queue technology and PID(proportion integral differentiat)control technology to develop crop intelligent irrigation and nitrogen application integrated machine products for crop.On the basis of hardware products,based on automatic control technology of water-saving irrigation,irrigation forecast technology and irrigation and nitrogen application decision model technology,the intelligent irrigation and nitrogen application management software system for crops compatibled with intelligent irrigation and nitrogen application integrated machine products was developed,which realized timed and quantitative precise irrigation and nitrogen,real-time warning and intelligent decision making for crops.The system has been applied in winter wheat,summer maize and summer peanut,according to crop irrigation system and nitrogen application program,and the irrigation and nitrogen amount fertilizer needed for crop growth were irrigated intelligently.The system is simple in operation,stable in operation,and achieves the purpose of efficient utilization of irrigation and nitrogen.