强还原土壤灭菌法（RSD）对大棚连续三茬蔬菜生长、产量和病虫害的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.11.013

河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 98-109.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.11.013

强还原土壤灭菌法（RSD）对大棚连续三茬蔬菜生长、产量和病虫害的影响

郭晨曦¹,周桂芳²,陈碧华¹,郭卫丽¹,蔡祖聪³,黄新琦³,王广印¹

（1.河南科技学院园艺园林学院/河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心，河南新乡 453003；2.潍坊职业学院，山东潍坊 261041；3.南京师范大学地理科学学院，江苏南京 210023）

收稿日期:2020-04-27 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-15
通讯作者: 王广印（1962-），男，陕西蒲城人，教授，本科，主要从事蔬菜栽培生理生态研究。E-mail:wangguangyin@hist.edu.cn
作者简介:郭晨曦（1990-），女，河南开封人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：蔬菜栽培。E-mail:1647078813@qq.com
基金资助:
河南省大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设项目（S2010-03-G04)；河南省科技攻关重点项目（112102110023)

Effect of Reductive Soil Disinfestation on Growth,Yield,Diseases and Insect Pests of Three Continuous Cultivation Vegetables in Plastic Greenhouse#br#

GUO Chenxi¹,ZHOU Guifang²,CHEN Bihua¹,GUO Weili¹,CAI Zucong³,HUANG Xinqi³,WANG Guangyin¹

(1.School of Horticulture Landscape Architecture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Henan Horticultural Plant
Resources Utilization and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center,Xinxiang 453003,China;2.Weifang Vocational
College,Weifang 261041,China;3.College of Geography Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

Received:2020-04-27 Published:2020-11-15 Online:2020-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究强还原土壤灭菌法（Reductive soil disinfestation，RSD）的大田应用效果，以河南新乡连作30 a塑料大棚土壤为研究对象，选择1个试验大棚（添加有机物19 500 kg/hm²）和1个对照大棚（CK，不做任何添加处理），其中试验大棚设RSD处理和RSD+968生物菌肥处理2个区域，测定RSD处理后土壤理化性质和生物学性质的变化，并连续3茬定位调查、统计番茄或黄瓜的生长、前期产量和病虫害发生状况。结果表明，与CK相比，RSD处理后土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量比处理前下降了98.95%，每100 g干土中根结线虫数由3 297.33头下降到41.00头。与CK相比，RSD处理对第1茬秋番茄和第2茬春黄瓜具有促长壮秧的作用或潜力，RSD、RSD+968处理第1茬大棚秋番茄单株第1穗果实产量分别提高73.30%、109.59%，第2茬春黄瓜单株前3瓜产量分别提高7.14%、21.43%。与CK相比，RSD、RSD+968处理第1茬大棚秋番茄茎基腐病发病率分别降低28.64%、40.41%，对第1茬大棚秋番茄根结线虫病的防治效果分别达91.11%、100%；RSD处理显著延迟了第2茬大棚春黄瓜枯萎病的发生，当CK发病率达100%时，RSD、RSD+968处理的发病率分别为10.61%、3.82%；第3茬大棚秋番茄生产时，RSD处理番茄茎基腐病发病率仍较CK降低57.84%，且对根结线虫病的防治效果仍可达87.10%。可见，RSD处理具有较长的持效性，且968生物菌肥与RSD处理具有加成作用。固体有机物料的土壤强还原处理能够显著提高大棚连作生产系统的土壤质量，降低发病率，提高作物产量，是具有快速缓解设施蔬菜地连作障碍、实现可持续种植的有效措施。

关键词: 强还原土壤灭菌, 塑料大棚, 连作障碍, 蔬菜, 番茄茎基腐病, 番茄根结线虫病, 黄瓜枯萎病

Abstract: In order to explore field application effect of reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)method,a plas tic greenhouse soil of 30 years’ continuous cropping in Xinxiang of Henan Province was selected as the research object,and one RSD treatment plastic greenhouse(adding organic matter 19 500 kg/ha) and a control greenhouse(CK,without adding any treatment),in which the RSD treatment plastic greenhouse was set with two areas of “RSD treatment” and “RSD+968 bio-bacterial fertilizer”,the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and biological properties after RSD treatment were measured,and the
growth,early yield and occurrence of diseases and insect pests of tomato or cucumber were investigated and counted for three consecutive crops.The results showed that compared with CK,Fusarium oxysporum number of RSD treatment decreased 98.95%,and the number of root-knot nematodes per 100 g dry soil decreased from 3 297.33 to 41.00.Compared with CK,RSD treatment could promote the growth and strengthen the first autumn tomato and the second spring cucumber,RSD treatment and RSD+968 treatment increased the first autumn tomato first fruit cluster yield by 73.30% and 109.59% respectively,and increased three fruit yield of second stubble spring cucumber by 7.14% and 21.43% respectively. Compared with CK,the disease rate of stem base rot of RSD and RSD+968 treatments of first stubble autumn tomato reduced by 28.64% and 40.41% in plastic greenhouse respectively,and the control effect on rootknot nematode in first stubble autumn tomato was 91.11% and 100% respectively.Meanwhile,RSD treatment greatly delayed occurrence of Fusarium wilt of second stubble spring cucumber in the plastic greenhouse.The disease rate of cucumber fusarium wilt was 100% in CK greenhouse,whereas the disease rate of cucumber fusarium wilt of RSD and RSD+968 treatments were only 10.61% and 3.82% respectively.In additoin,the disease rate of stem base rot in the third cropping autumn tomato with RSD treatments was 57.84% lower than that of CK,and the control effect of RSD treatments on root-knot nematode was still
87. 10%. It can be seen that RSD treatment has long-term effectiveness and RSD+968 treatments have additive
effect. Therefore,the RSD treatment of solid organic materials can significantly improve soil quality,reduce disease rate and increase yield of continuous cropping system in plastic greenhouse.This is an effective measure to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable cultivation and realize sustainable cropping.

Key words: Reductive soil disinfestation, Plastic greenhouse, Continuous cropping obstacles, Vegetables, Tomato stem base rot, Tomato root-knot nematode, Cucumber Fusarium wilt

中图分类号:

郭晨曦, 周桂芳, 陈碧华, 郭卫丽, 蔡祖聪, 黄新琦, 王广印. 强还原土壤灭菌法（RSD）对大棚连续三茬蔬菜生长、产量和病虫害的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(11): 98-109.

GUO Chenxi, ZHOU Guifang, CHEN Bihua, GUO Weili, CAI Zucong, HUANG Xinqi, WANG Guangyin. Effect of Reductive Soil Disinfestation on Growth,Yield,Diseases and Insect Pests of Three Continuous Cultivation Vegetables in Plastic Greenhouse#br#[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(11): 98-109.

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强还原土壤灭菌法（RSD）对大棚连续三茬蔬菜生长、产量和病虫害的影响

Effect of Reductive Soil Disinfestation on Growth,Yield,Diseases and Insect Pests of Three Continuous Cultivation Vegetables in Plastic Greenhouse#br#

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