生物菌肥对连作障碍三七根际和根茎内细菌群落的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析枯草芽孢杆菌生物菌肥对连作障碍三七根际和根茎内细菌群落的影响，为解决三七连作障碍问题提供理论依据。以移栽大田1 a的2年生三七作为试验材料，于云南省文山州苗乡三七科技有限公司三七连作障碍试验站进行三七连作田间试验。试验设为3组：首次种植三七对照组（BP）、未施生物菌肥连作障碍对照组（CCO）、枯草芽孢杆菌生物菌肥处理组（MFP）。利用Illumina MiSeq平台针对细菌16S rDNA进行高通量测序，分析三七根际土壤（sBP、sCCO、sMFP）和根茎内（pBP、pMFP，CCO组无三七存活）细菌群落结构。测定土壤理化性质，考察其与细菌群落结构相关性。结果表明，与sCCO组相比，sMFP 组中芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）和节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）等根际土壤促生菌相对丰度分别提高了139.30%、37.35%，小单孢菌属（Micromonospora）的相对丰度降低了75.52%。sBP组与sMFP组之间优势菌群组成有明显不同。pMFP和pBP样本内细菌群落中相对丰度前十五的优势菌属均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。土壤理化性质测定结果表明，经生物菌肥处理后土壤有效磷含量和电导率显著提高（P<0.05），速效钾含量显著下降（P<0.05）。冗余分析结果表明，速效钾、碱解氮、有机质、交换性钙与sBP组样本细菌群落呈正相关，而有效磷、电导率与sMFP组样本细菌群落呈正相关，根茎内细菌群落冗余分析也表现出相似规律。根际土壤与根茎内细菌群落关联分析结果表明，枯草芽孢杆菌生物菌肥处理对根茎内细菌群落产生一定影响，芽孢杆菌属显著促进贪食菌属（Variovorax）的增殖，但与鞘脂菌属（Sphingobium）等呈显著负相关。由此可知，枯草芽孢杆菌生物菌肥不仅能促进三七连作障碍土壤中益生菌增殖，抑制有害菌生长，还通过电导率、有效磷等土壤理化性质的改变重塑土壤细菌群落结构。除此之外，与首次种植三七对照组相比，尽管枯草芽孢杆菌生物菌肥处理组土壤样本细菌群落表现出明显不同，但根茎内细菌群落具有很高的相似性。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌, 三七, 细菌群落, 连作障碍, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: This study was performed to analyze the effect of Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer on the rhizosphere，endophytic bacterial community of Panax notoginseng with continuous cropping obstacles and to provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in Panax notoginseng.Two‐year‐old Panax notoginseng，which had been transplanted to the field for one year，was used as the test material at the Panax notoginseng continuous cropping obstacles trial station of Panax notoginseng Technology Co.，Ltd.of Miaoxiang Town，Wenshan Prefecture，Yunnan Province.The experimental treatments were divided into first cropping control group（BP），continuous cropping without biological fertilizer treatment group（CCO），and continuous cropping group treated with Bacillus subtilis biological fertilizer（MFP）.Illumina MiSeq platform was used for high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA to analyze bacterial community structure of Panax notoginseng in rhizosphere soil（sBP，sCCO，and sMFP）and in rhizome（pBP and pMFP，CCO group did not survive）.In addition，the correlation between bacterial communities and soil physiochemical properties was investigated.The results showed that compared with sCCO group，the relative abundances of Bacillus and Arthrobacter （two main rhizosphere growth‐enhancing bacteria）increased by 139.30% and 37.35% respectively in sMFP group，while the relative abundance of Micromonospora（pathogenic bacteria）dropped by 75.52%. Moreover，the composition of the dominant bacterial community was significantly different between sBP and sMFP groups.However，there was no significant difference between pMFP and pBP samples in the relative abundances of the top 15 dominant bacteria genera（P>0.05）.The results of physicochemical analysis showed that Bacillus subtilis fertilizer significantly increased the contents of available phosphorus and electrical conductivity（P<0.05），and decreased the content of available potassium（P<0.05）.Redundancy analysis showed that available potassium，alkaline nitrogen，organic matter，and exchangeable calcium were positively correlated with the bacterial communities of sBP samples，and available phosphorus and electrical conductivity were positively correlated with the bacterial communities of sMFP samples. The bacterial community redundancy analysis of rhizome showed a similar pattern.Correlation heatmap analysis of rhizosphere and rhizome bacterial communities of Panax notoginseng revealed that Bacillus in soils was significantly positively correlated with friendly Variovorax，and negatively correlated with Sphingobium in roots.In conclusion，Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer can not only promote the proliferation of probiotics and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the continuous cropping obstacle soils，but also further reshape the soil microbial community composition by changing soil physicochemical properties such as electrical conductivity and available phosphorus.In addition，the bacterial communities in the soil samples treated with Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer were significantly different from those in the first cropping soil samples；however，the bacterial communities in the root samples were highly similar.

Key words: Bacillus subtilis, Panax notoginseng, Bacterial community, Continuous cropping obstacle, Soil physicochemical property

中图分类号:

X53
S154.4

张雪玲, 臧春华, 郭汝悦, 段毅超, 王延刚, 郭中信, 张振中, 任雪玲. 生物菌肥对连作障碍三七根际和根茎内细菌群落的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2021, 50(12): 78-91.

ZHANG Xueling, ZANG Chunhua, GUO Ruyue, DUAN Yichao, WANG Yangang, GUO Zhongxin, ZHANG Zhenzhong, REN Xueling. Effects of Biological Fertilizer on Rhizosphere and Endophytic Bacterial Community of Panax notoginseng with Continuous Cropping Disorder[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(12): 78-91.

图/表 8

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