不同作物伴生对连作黄连产量和根际土壤微生物群落的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索缓解黄连连作障碍的无公害方法，以头茬黄连（CK1）和连作3 a黄连（CK2）为对照，研究了小麦、大葱及黑麦草伴生栽培对连作3 a黄连产量、发病率及根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，与CK1相比，连作导致黄连产量下降43.29%、发病率提高59.92个百分点；连作显著降低了黄连根际土壤微生物的数量和多样性，其中，细菌、放线菌含量分别降低18.20%、21.20%，真菌含量提高60.37%，土壤由细菌型向真菌型转化；连作导致根际土壤微生物优势菌门和优势菌属相对丰度产生较大变化。伴生栽培可有效缓解黄连连作障碍，3种作物伴生栽培中以大葱伴生效果最佳。与CK2相比，大葱伴生栽培使黄连产量提高67.63%，发病率降低47.32个百分点；根际土壤细菌、放线菌含量分别提高12.15%、10.80%，真菌含量降低30.61%；细菌和真菌的Chao1指数、Ace指数和Shannon指数显著升高，Simpson指数显著降低；酸杆菌门、放线菌门、子囊菌门、担子菌门等相对丰度分别提高20.43%、54.68%、26.62%、39.20%，厚壁菌门、浮霉菌门、接合菌门、纤毛亚门相对丰度分别降低33.81%、21.66%、49.25%、22.13%；红游动菌属、韦荣球菌属、支顶孢属、绿僵菌属相对丰度分别提高28.03%、35.34%、86.58%、36.19%，柠檬酸杆菌属、链球菌属、假霉样真菌属、镰刀菌属相对丰度分别降低17.48%、40.68%、32.62%、44.95%。相关性分析结果表明，假霉样真菌属、被孢霉属、镰刀菌属及柠檬酸杆菌属等菌群丰度与黄连发病率呈正相关，而红游动菌属、韦荣球菌属及支顶孢属等菌群丰度与黄连发病率呈负相关。综上所述，伴生栽培可有效缓解黄连连作障碍，3种作物伴生栽培中以大葱伴生效果最佳。

关键词: 黄连；伴生栽培；连作障碍, 产量；土壤微生物群落；大葱

Abstract: To explore a pollution-free method to alleviate the impediment to continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis,we used Coptis chinensis reaped in its first ripeness(CK1)and Coptis chinensis cropped for three years(CK2)as the comparison group to study the influence of wheat,shallot and ryegrass as companion crops on the production,morbidity of Coptis chinensis cropped for three years and structure of microorganism community in rhizosphere soil.The result showed that,compared to CK1,continuous cropping led to 43.29% decrease in production and 59.92 percentage points increase in morbidity of Coptis chinensis.The continuous cropping obviously lowered the number and diversity of microorganism in rhizosphere soil.The content of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by 18.20% and 21.20% respectively while that of fungi increased by 60.37%.The soil transformed from bacterial type to fungal type.Continuous cropping caused great changes in the relative abundance of predominant phyla and genera of microorganism in rhizosphere soil.Companion cropping could effectively alleviate the impediment of continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis.Among three companion crops,shallot provided most ideal outcome.The companion cropping of shallot increased the production of Coptis chinensis by 67.63% and lowered the morbidity by 47.32 percentage points;The content of bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 12.15% and 10.80 respectively.The content of fungi lowered by 30.61%;The Chao1 index,Ace index and Shannon index of bacteria and fungus increased prominently while Simpson index was in a downturn.The relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Ascomycota,Basidiomycota increased by 20.43%,54.68%,26.62% and 39.20% respectively,while the relative abundance of Firmicutes,Planctomycetales,Zygomycota and Ciliophora lowered by 33.81%,21.66%,49.25% and 22.13% respectively;The relative abundance of Rhodoplanes,Veillonella,Acremonium and Metarhizium increased by 28.03%,35.34%,86. 58% and 36.19%,while that of Citrobacter,Streptococcus,Pseudallescheria and Fusarium decreased by 17.48%,40.68%,32.62% and 44.95% respectively.The result of relativity analysis showed that the a bundance of Pseudallescheria,Mortierella, Fusarium and Citrobacter had positive correlation to the morbidity of Coptis chinensis while the a bundance of Rhodoplanes,Veillonella and Acremonium had negative correlation to the morbidity of Coptis chinensis.To summarize,companion cropping can effectively alleviate the impediment to the continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis,and shallot has the best effect as the companion crop.

Key words: Coptis chinensis, Companion planting, Continuous cropping obstacle, Yield, Soil microbial community, Green onion

中图分类号:

牛四坤. 不同作物伴生对连作黄连产量和根际土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(1): 52-60.

NIU Sikun. Effects of Different Crop Companion Planting on Yield and Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Coptis chinensis under Continuous Cropping[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(1): 52-60.

参考文献

［1］谭渊,陈强,刘汉军,等.不同种植年限黄连根系土壤细菌PCR-DGGE分析［J］.中国中药杂志,2015,40(16):3147-3151.

TAN Y,CHEN Q,LIU H J,et al.PCRDGGE analysis of root soil bacteria of Coptis chinensis in different planting years［J］.Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2015,40(16):3147-3151.

［2］张亚琴,陈雨,雷飞益,等.药用植物化感自毒作用研究进展［J］.中草药,2018,49(8):1946-1956.

ZHANG Y Q,CHEN Y,LEI F Y,et al.Research on the allelopahy and autotoxicity of medicinal plants［J］.Chinese Herbal Medicine,2018,49(8):1946-1956.

［3］聂铭.不同连作年限地黄生长生理特性及其根区土壤化感物质研究［D］.郑州:河南农业大学,2017.

NIE M.Study on the growth physiological characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosaand its allelochemicals in root soil of different continuous cropping years［D］.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2017.

［4］李慧君,张文生,吴洁珊,等.中药材农药残留研究现状［J］.中国中药杂志,2019,44(1):48-52.

LI H J,ZHANG W S,WU J S,et al.Research of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines［J］.Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2019,44(1):48-52.

［5］杨成民,魏建和,隋春,等.我国中药材新品种选育进展与建议［J］.中国现代中药,2013,15(9):727-737.

YANG C M,WEI J H,SUI C,et al.Progress and suggestion on the breeding of new varieties of traditional Chinese medicine［J］.Modern Chinese Medicine,2013,15(9):727-737.

［6］LIU H Y,WAN P,MU M,et al.Autotoxins sceening from aqueous extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.Based on spectrumeffect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and autotoxicity［J］.Pakistan Journal of Botany,2016,48(4):1467-1471.

［7］倪方方,彭三妹,徐建中,等.通过改变土壤pH及菌群结构缓解杭白菊连作障碍［J］.中药材,2017,40(4):762-768.

NI F F,PENG S M,XU J Z,et al.Alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Chrysanthemum morifolium by changing soil pH and microbial structure［J］.Chinese Herbal Medicine,2017,40(4):762-768.

［8］刘艳霞,李想,蔡刘体,等.烟草根系分泌物酚酸类物质的鉴定及其对根际微生物的影响［J］.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):418-428.LIU Y X,LI X,CAI L T,et al.Identification of phenolic acids in tobacco root exudates and their effects on rhizosphere microorganisms［J］.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):418-428.

［9］李明杰,冯法节,张宝,等.多元组学背景下地黄连作障碍形成的分子机制研究进展［J］.中国中药杂志,2017,42(3):413-419.

LI M J,FENG F J,ZHANG B,et al.Research on the molecular mechanism of continuous cropping disorder of Rehmannia glutinosa under the background of multiple histology［J］.China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2017,42(3):413-419.
［10］肖蓉,曹秋芬,李倩,等.复合微生物菌剂结合阳光消毒治理设施草莓连作障害的效果［J］.山西农业科学,2018,46(1):98-103.

XIAO R,CAO Q F,LI Q,et al.Effect of compound microbial agents combined with sunlight disinfection on continuous cropping obstacle of strawberry［J］.Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(1):98-103.

［11］吴红淼,吴林坤,王娟英,等.根际调控在缓解连作障碍和提高土壤质量中的作用和机理［J］.生态科学,2016,35(5):225-232.

WU H M,WU L K,WANG J Y,et al.The role and mechanism of rhizosphere regulation in relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving soil quality［J］.Ecological Science,2016,35(5):225-232.

［12］王鹏,祝丽香,陈香香,等.桔梗与大葱间作对土壤养分、微生物区系和酶活性的影响［J］.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):668-675.

WANG P,ZHU L X,CHEN X X,et al.Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum and Allium shallot intercropping on soil nutrients,microflora and enzyme activity［J］.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2018,24(3):668-675.

［13］洪洁,康建依,刘一倩,等.生菜连作及生菜-菠菜轮作对土壤细菌群落结构的影响［J］.生物技术通报,2019,35(8):9-18.

HONG J,KANG J Y,LIU Y Q,et al.Effects of lettuce continuous cropping and lettuce spinach rotation on soil bacterial community structure［J］.Biotechnology Bulletin,2019,35(8):9-18.

［14］胡国彬,董坤,董艳,等.间作缓解蚕豆连作障碍的根际微生态效应［J］.生态学报,2016,36(4):1010-1020.

HU G B,DONG K,DONG Y,et al.Rhizosphere microecological effects of intercropping to alleviate the continuous

cropping obstacle of broad bean［J］.Journal of Ecology,2016,36(4):1010-1020.

［15］赵晓翠.伴生栽培对黄瓜根区土壤环境的影响［D］.泰安:山东农业大学,2016.

ZHAO X C.Effect of associated cultivation on soil environment in cucumber root zone［D］.Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2016.

［16］杨瑞娟,王腾飞,周希，等.禾本科作物伴生对番茄根区土壤酶活性、微生物及根结线虫的影响［J］.中国蔬菜,2017(3):38-42.

YANG R J,WANG T F,ZHOU X,et al.The effect of grass crops on soil enzyme activity,microorganism and root knot nematode in tomato root zone［J］.Chinese Vegetables,2017(3):38-42.

［17］徐伟慧.伴生小麦对西瓜生长及枯萎病抗性调控的机理研究［D］.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.

XU W H.Study on the mechanism of regulation of watermelon growth and Fusarium wilt in accompanying wheat［D］.Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.

［18］韦持章,农玉琴,陈远权,等.茶树/大豆间作对根际土壤微生物群落及酶活性的影响［J］.西北农业学报,2018,27(4):537-544.

WEI C Z,NONG Y Q,CHEN Y Q,et al.Effects of tea/soybean intercropping on microbial community and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil［J］.Northwest Agricultural Journal,2018,27(4):537-544.

［19］刘亚军,马琨,李越,等.马铃薯间作栽培对土壤微生物群落结构与功能的影响［J］.核农学报,2018,32(6):1186-1194.

LIU Y J,MA K,LI Y,et al.Effect of intercropping of potato on soil microbial community structure and function［J］.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Science,2018,32(6):1186-1194.

［20］DAI C C,CHEN Y,WANG X X,et al.Effects of intercropping of peanut with the medicinal plant Atracty lodes lancea on soil microecology and peanut yield in subtropical China［J］.Agroforestry Systems,2013,87(2):417-426．

［21］赵凤艳,张勇勇,张玥琦,等.有机物料对设施番茄长期连作土壤细菌群落结构的影响［J］.生态学杂志,2019,38(6):1732-1740.　

ZHAO F Y,ZHANG Y Y,ZHANG Y Q,et al.Effect of organic materials on soil bacterial community structure in the soil of tomato continuous cropping［J］.Journal of Ecology,2019,38(6):1732-1740.