河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 14-21.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.002

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

减氮增密对籼粳杂交稻产量和稻米品质的影响

张凯,陈明睿,刘秋员   

  1. (信阳市水稻遗传改良与生理生态重点实验室/信阳市优质稻米工程技术研究中心/信阳农林学院,河南 信阳 464000)
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-23 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-08
  • 通讯作者: 刘秋员(1985-),男,江西高安人,副教授,博士,主要从事水稻优质高产栽培技术研究。E-mail:liuqy@xyafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张凯(1975-),男,河南信阳人,副教授,硕士,主要从事水稻生理生态研究。E-mail:2000180034@xyafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110129);信阳市创新应用专项(20210006);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A210009,22B210010);信阳农林学院青年教师科研基金项目(QN20200102,QN2021021);信阳农林学院科技创新团队项目(KJCXTD-202006)

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application Rate with Increased Density on Yield and Quality of Indica‑Japonica Hybrid Rice

ZHANG Kai,CHEN Mingrui,LIU Qiuyuan   

  1. (Xinyang Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Improvement,Ecology and Physiology/Xinyang High Quality Rice Engineering
    Technology Research Center/Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464000,China)
  • Received:2023-08-23 Published:2023-10-15 Online:2023-11-08

摘要: 以籼粳杂交稻品种甬优2640和甬优15为材料,研究减氮增密[常规氮肥水平(纯N 300 kg/hm2)下每穴2苗(T1),减氮水平(纯N 225 kg/hm2)下每穴2苗(T2)、3苗(T3)、4苗(T4)、5苗(T5)]对籼粳杂交稻产量和稻米品质的影响,以期为籼粳杂交稻的绿色高产栽培提供技术支撑。结果表明,2个水稻品种各减氮处理的产量均随着密度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,以T3处理最高,且显著高于T1处理,甬优2640和甬优15分别提高7.03%和6.59%,其他减氮处理均显著低于T1处理。T3处理能获得高产主要得益于其具有最高的有效穗数和穗粒数。稻米品质方面,2个水稻品种各减氮处理的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、蛋白质及其组分含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、硬度、最终黏度总体上均随着密度的增加而降低,且均低于或显著低于T1处理;而垩白粒率、垩白度、食味值、消减值均随着密度的增加而增加,且均高于或显著高于T1处理。综合来看,对于籼粳杂交稻而言,在施氮量为225 kg/hm2条件下,采用穴行距12 cm×30 cm,每穴3苗,可达到高产优质的效果。

关键词: 籼粳杂交稻, 减氮, 增密, 产量, 品质

Abstract: The indica‑japonica hybrid rice varieties Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 15 were used as materials,and the effects of reduced nitrogen application rate with increased density[2 seedlings per hole under conventional nitrogen fertilizer level(pure N 300 kg/ha)(T1),2 seedlings(T2),3 seedlings(T3),4 seedlings(T4),5 seedlings(T5)per hole under nitrogen reduction level(pure N 225 kg/ha)]on yield and quality of rice were studied,so as to provide technical support for green high‑yield cultivation of indica‑japonica hybrid rice.The results showed that the yield of each nitrogen reduction treatment of two rice varieties first increased and then decreased with the increase of density,the yield of T3 treatment was the highest,which significantly increased by 7.03%(Yongyou 2640) and 6.59%(Yongyou 15)compared with T1 treatment,but the yields of the other nitrogen reduction treatments were significantly lower than that of T1 treatment.T3 treatment had the highest effective panicle number and grain number per panicle,so got the highest yield.In terms of rice quality,brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,protein and its components contents,amylose content,amylopectin content,total starch content,hardness and final viscosity of nitrogen reduction treatments of two rice varieties generally decreased with the increase of density,and were lower than those of T1 treatment,while the chalkiness rate,chalkiness degree,taste value and setback value increased with the increase of density,and were higher than those of T1 treatment. In summary,for indica‑japonica hybrid rice,high yield and quality can be achieved with hole and row spacings of 12 cm and 30 cm and 3 seedlings per hole under the condition of 225 kg/ha nitrogen.

Key words: Indica?japonica hybrid rice, Reduced nitrogen application rate, Increased density, Yield, Quality

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