河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 90-97.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.009

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

安全剂缓解草坪草酰胺类除草剂药害作用评价

苏旺苍1,杨慕菡1,薛飞1,孙兰兰1,徐洪乐1,冯长松2,吴仁海1   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院 植物保护研究所,河南 郑州 450002;2.河南省农业科学院 畜牧兽医研究所,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-08 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-09
  • 通讯作者: 吴仁海(1976-),男,河南信阳人,研究员,博士,主要从事农田病虫草害防治研究。E-mail:renhai.wu@163.com
  • 作者简介:苏旺苍(1981-),男,河南内黄人,副研究员,博士,主要从事除草剂安全使用技术研究。E-mail:suwangcang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业科学院自主选题项目(2022ZC36);河南省科技攻关项目(222102110478)

Evaluation of the Effect of Safeners to Alleviate the Phytotoxicity of Amide Herbicides on Turfgrass

SU Wangcang1,YANG Muhan1,XUE Fei1,SUN Lanlan1,XU Hongle1,FENG Changsong2,WU Renhai1   

  1. (1.Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2022-11-08 Published:2023-07-15 Online:2023-08-09

摘要: 为建立草坪草的杂草防治技术,通过室内盆栽法测定了安全剂解草酮、解草啶缓解酰胺类除草剂丙草胺、精异丙甲草胺对黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾、剪股颖4种草坪草药害的作用。结果表明,黑麦草种子经解草啶浸种处理后,丙草胺30~60 g/hm2(有效成分,下同)处理下出苗抑制得到有效缓解,同时黑麦草鲜质量抑制中剂量(GR50)增加17.9%;黑麦草种子经解草啶浸种处理后,精异丙甲草胺3.75~30 g/hm2处理下出苗抑制得到有效缓解,缓解率达到10.0%~23.2%,黑麦草鲜质量GR50增加42.3%;高羊茅种子经解草啶浸种处理后,精异丙甲草胺30、60 g/hm2处理下出苗抑制率降低到10%以下,高羊茅鲜质量GR50增加95.3%;解草酮、解草啶与丙草胺、精异丙甲草胺联用对早熟禾、剪股颖的出苗抑制情况基本无缓解效果。综上所述,解草啶与丙草胺联用可提高丙草胺对黑麦草的安全性,解草啶与精异丙甲草胺联用可提高精异丙甲草胺对黑麦草、高羊茅的安全性,而解草酮和解草啶对早熟禾和剪股颖的丙草胺和精异丙甲草胺药害缓解作用不明显。

关键词: 草坪草, 安全剂, 除草剂, 安全性, 解草酮, 解草啶

Abstract: In this study,the alleviating effects of the safeners benoxacor and fenclorim on the phytotoxicity of pretilachlor and s⁃metolachlor to four turfgrasses(Lolium perenne,Festuca elata,Poa annua,Agrostis matsumurae) were measured by indoor pot experiment.The results showed that the inhibition of emergence under 30—60 g/ha(active ingredient,the same below) treatments of pretilachlor was effectively alleviated after L.perenne seeds were soaked with fenclorim,and the fresh weight GR50(the dose resulting in 50% growth reduction)of L.perenne increased by 17.9%.After L.perenne seeds were soaked with fenclorim,the inhibition of L.perenne emergence was effectively alleviated in the treatments of 3.75—30 g/ha s⁃metolachlor,the remission rate reached 10.0%—23.2%,and the fresh weight GR50 of L.perenne increased by 42.3%. After F.elata seeds were soaked with fenclorim,the inhibition rate of emergence treated with 30 and 60 g/ha s⁃metolachlor was reduced to less than 10%,and the fresh weight GR50 of F.elata increased by 95.3%.The inhibition of seedling emergence of P.annua and A.matsumurae was basically not relieved by the combination of benoxacor and fenclorim with pretilachlor and s⁃metolachlor.To sum up,the combination of fenclorim and pretilachlor can improve the safety of pretilachlor for L.perenne,and the combination of fenclorim and s⁃metolachlor can improve the safety of s⁃metolachlor for L.perenne and F.elata.However,the alleviation of benoxacor and fenclorim on P.annua and A.matsumurae was not significant under the use of pretilachlor and s⁃metolachlor.

Key words: Turfgrass, Safener, Herbicide, Safety, Benoxacor, Fenclorim

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