河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 50-55.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.006

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

秋水仙素诱变对油莎豆出苗率及品质的影响

魏尊苗,刘佳遥,程艳,王占海,许方达,陈欣,牟忠生
  

  1. (吉林省农业科学院经济植物研究所,吉林 长春 130033)
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-16 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-09
  • 通讯作者: 牟忠生(1978-),男,吉林农安人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事油莎豆栽培与育种工作。E-mail:muzs@163.com
  • 作者简介:魏尊苗(1984-),女,黑龙江宾县人,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事油莎豆育种工作。E-mail:miaomiao0825@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002603);吉林省创新平台(基地)和人才专项(20210506014ZP);吉林省重大科技专项(20200502004NC)

Effect of Colchicine Mutagenesis on Emergence Rate and Quality of Tigernut(Cyperus esculentus L.)

WEI Zunmiao,LIU Jiayao,CHENG Yan,WANG Zhanhai,XU Fangda,CHEN Xin,MU Zhongsheng   

  1. (Economic Plant Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)
  • Received:2022-08-16 Published:2022-11-15 Online:2023-01-09

摘要: 为确定油莎豆块茎秋水仙素诱变半致死剂量,获得高品质变异种质资源,分别以萌发前和萌发后油莎豆块茎为试验材料,利用不同质量浓度秋水仙素(0、1、2、3、4 g/L)进行诱变处理,1个月后计算出苗率,成熟收获后采用近红外谷物分析仪进行品质检测。结果表明,无论是萌发前还是萌发后诱变处理油莎豆出苗率总体上均随着秋水仙素质量浓度和诱变时间的增加而降低,秋水仙素质量浓度对萌发前和萌发后诱变处理出苗率均有极显著影响,诱变时间对萌发前和萌发后诱变处理出苗率均有显著影响;萌发前油莎豆块茎对秋水仙素更敏感,其半致死剂量低于萌发后诱变处理,且萌发前诱变可致油莎豆芽畸形,萌发后诱变处理芽无明显变化。以诱变质量浓度低且诱变时间短达到半致死剂量为原则,秋水仙素质量浓度1 g/L、诱变萌发前油莎豆块茎24 h为其最适诱变半致死剂量。对块茎品质进行检测,获得淀粉含量高于32%的高品质变异材料1份,总糖含量高于36%的高品质变异材料6份,为油莎豆高品质育种奠定了基础。

关键词: 油莎豆, 秋水仙素诱变, 半致死剂量, 出苗率, 品质

Abstract: In order to determine the half‑lethal dose for colchicine mutagenesis of tigernut(Cyperus esculentus L.)tuber and obtain high quality variant germplasm resources,the tubers before and after germination were mutagenized with different concentrations(0,1,2,3,4 g/L)of colchicine,the emergence rate was calculated one month later,and the quality was tested by the near‑infrared(NIR)grain analyzer after maturity.The results showed that whether mutagenesis was done before or after germination,the emergence rate of tigernut decreased with the increase of colchicine concentration and mutagenesis time,colchicine concentration had extremely significant effect on the emergence rate,mutagenesis time had significant effect on the emergence rate.Before germination,tigernut tuber was more sensitive to colchicine,the half‑lethal dose of colchicine was lower than that of mutagenesis after germination,and mutagenesis before germination could cause bud deformity,but buds of mutagenesis treatment after germination did not obviously change.On the principle of low mutagenesis concentration and short mutagenesis time to half‑lethal dose,the optimal half‑lethal dose of colchicine was colchicine concentration of 1 g/L,mutagenesis for 24 hours before germination of tigernut tuber.By testing,one germplasm resource with starch content higher than 32% and six germplasm resources with total sugar content higher than 36% in tuber were obtained,which layed the foundation for high‑quality breeding.

Key words: Tigernut(Cyperus esculentus L.), Colchicine mutagenesis, Half?lethal dose, Emergence rate, Quality

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