河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 55-64.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.03.007

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国芝麻主要育成品种遗传多样性分析及优异变异位点挖掘

李春1,2,段迎辉1,2,琚铭1,2,苗红梅1,2,杜华1,2,张海洋1,2   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南 郑州 450002;2.河南省特色油料基因组学重点实验室,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-28 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 张海洋(1963-),男,河南项城人,研究员,博士,主要从事芝麻遗传育种研究。E-mail:zhanghaiyang@zzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李春(1984-),男,山东菏泽人,副研究员,博士,主要从事芝麻遗传育种研究。E-mail:agronome@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业(特色油料)产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);河南省重大科技专项(201100111200);河南省科技创新领军人才
    项目(214200510020);河南省特聘研究员岗位项目(SPPP2020);河南中原科学家工作室建设项目(092101211100);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2020YQ19);河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2020ZC51)

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Elite Allele Mining in Main Sesame Cultivars Released in China

LI Chun1,2,DUAN Yinghui1,2,JU Ming1,2,MIAO Hongmei1,2,DU Hua1,2,ZHANG Haiyang1,2   

  1. (1.Henan Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2021-12-28 Published:2022-03-15 Online:2022-05-20

摘要: 为了深入分析芝麻育成品种的多样性,挖掘优异等位基因位点,加快芝麻分子育种进程,以705份芝麻种质资源材料(95份我国育成芝麻品种、405份国内地方种、205份国外种质)基因组数据为基础,开展了芝麻育成品种和地方种间分子多样性的比较分析。通过分析,获得了12 704个普遍存在的SNP/InDel变异位点,通过比较95份育成品种和405份地方种间的核苷酸多样性差异,发现育成品种的核苷酸多样性指数平均为0.158,较地方种(0.246)显著降低。进一步通过模拟置换检验发现,在95个育成品种中,共有2 483个位点的遗传多样性较地方种显著降低,115个位点的多样性显著升高;同时,以遗传分化系数Fst 为参数,筛选出在育成品种与地方种群体之间表现出显著分化的变异位点1 290个。通过结果的交集分析,获得了在群体间显著分化且遗传多样性在育成品种内显著提升的变异位点80个,其中,具有强突变效应的变异位点14 个。结合基因组信息分析发现,位点Chr2:8176782 和Chr10:3441593分别位于2个抗病相关基因(C_2_2.176 和C37.81)内,且在育成品种中的基因频率较地方种分别提高了12.93倍和3.44倍。上述研究结果表明,某些位点在芝麻育成品种与地方种间发生了显著的多样性变异,而这种改变可能与育成品种优良性状的形成有着密切关系。

关键词: 芝麻, 优异等位变异, 核苷酸多样性, 遗传分化, 种质资源, 育成品种

Abstract: Researching the diversity of cultivars and mining the elite alleles underlying important traits are critical for sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)molecular breeding. In order to analyze the diversity of sesame cultivars in China,and to accelerate the progress of molecular breeding in sesame,the genome sequencing data of 705 sesame germplasms(including 95 modern sesame cultivars in China,405 landraces and 205 foreign germplasms)were analyzed in this study.As a result,12 704 SNP/InDel variants,which commonly existed in sesame lines,were identified,and by comparing the nucleotide diversity of 95 modern cultivars and 405 landraces,the cultivars were found to have a lower diversity level(0.158)than the landraces(0.246).Further,by using the permutation test method,2 483 and 115 loci were found to possess significantly lower and higher nucleotide diversity respectively in the cultivars,and 1 290 loci were found to be significantly divergent between the cultivars and landraces using the genetic differentiation index(Fst)as the proxy. By selecting the intersection of the loci that were significantly divergent between the cultivars and landraces and the loci that possessed significantly higher nucleotide diversity in the 95 modern cultivars,80 loci were harvested. Of the 80 loci,14 were annotated to have high impact effect on gene functions,including the two loci Chr2:8176782 and Chr10:3441593,which were located in the disease resistance related genes(C_2_2.176 and C37.81). Further analysis showed that the allele frequency of the two loci increased by 12.93 and 3.44 folds respectively in the cultivars compared with the landraces,and thus might contribute to the breeding for disease resistance. To sum up,the findings above suggest that some loci are significantly divergent between the cultivars and landraces,and the loci may relate to the improvement of sesame cultivars.

Key words: Sesame, Elite allele, Nucleotide diversity, Genetic differentiation, Germplasm, Cultivars

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