Regulatory Effect of 2，4‐Epibrassinolide on the Growth and Physiology of Sesame Seedlings under Drought Stress

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.007

Abstract

Abstract: Using the sesame cultivar Shangzhi 196 as experimental material，a pot experiment was systematically conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of different concentrations（0，0.25，0.50，0.75 mg/L）of 2，4‐epibrassinolide（EBR）on sesame seedling growth and physiology under gradient drought stress［normal moisture（W1），mild drought（W2），and severe drought（W3）］.The results demonstrated that as soil water content decreased，sesame growth was inhibited，manifested by reduced plant height，increased root‐to‐shoot ratio，and suppressed aboveground biomass accumulation.After 12 days of stress treatment，under W2 and W3 conditions，the average plant height decreased by 6.70% and 28.88% respectively compared to W1，while the root‐to‐shoot ratio increased by 17.54% and 67.69% correspondingly.Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance showed decreasing trends，intercellular CO₂ concentration generally exhibited an increasing trend，and both malondialdehyde and proline contents increased，while antioxidant enzyme activities declined as the soil moisture content decreased.The effects of EBR varied depending on stress severity and growth stage.Appropriate EBR concentrations effectively increased sesames’plant height，aboveground dry weight and root dry weight，enhanced photosynthetic capacity，reduced membrane lipid peroxidation，and significantly improved drought resistance.Principal component analysis revealed that under mild drought stress，foliar application of 0.50 mg/L EBR most effectively enhanced drought tolerance，while 0.25 mg/L EBR showed better efficacy under severe drought conditions.

Key words: Sesame；Drought stress； 2, 4‐epibrassinolide（EBR）； Physiological characteristics；Photosynthetic characteristics

摘要： 为提高芝麻苗期应对干旱的能力，实现干旱条件下芝麻稳产、高产，以商芝196为试材，通过盆栽试验，系统研究不同质量浓度（0、0.25、0.50、0.75 mg/L）2，4-表油菜素内酯（EBR）对梯度干旱胁迫［正常水分（W1）、轻度干旱（W2）、重度干旱（W3）］下芝麻苗期生长及生理的调控效应。结果表明，随土壤水分含量减少，芝麻生长受到抑制，表现为株高降低，根冠比升高，地上部生物量积累受到抑制，其中胁迫处理12 d，W2 和W3 条件下平均株高较W1 分别下降6.70%、28.88%，根冠比则相应增加17.54%、67.69%；蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈下降趋势，胞间CO₂浓度总体呈上升的趋势，丙二醛和脯氨酸含量增加，抗氧化酶活性降低。不同胁迫程度和不同生育进程下EBR作用效果不同，适宜浓度的EBR处理能有效增加芝麻幼苗的株高、地上部干质量及根干质量，增强光合能力，降低膜脂过氧化程度，有效提高芝麻幼苗的抗旱能力。通过主成分分析结果可知，轻度干旱胁迫下喷施0.50 mg/L EBR能有效提升芝麻幼苗的耐旱性，重度干旱胁迫下喷施0.25 mg/L EBR效果更佳。

关键词: 芝麻；干旱胁迫；2, 4-表油菜素内酯（EBR）；生理特性；光合特性

CLC Number:

S565.3

LÜ Shuli, DING Fang, TIAN Zhuangbo. Regulatory Effect of 2，4‐Epibrassinolide on the Growth and Physiology of Sesame Seedlings under Drought Stress[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(10): 60-70.

吕树立, 丁芳, 田壮博. 2，4-表油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下芝麻苗期生长和生理的调控效应[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(10): 60-70.

Figures/Tables 10

References

［1］黄凤洪. 花生芝麻加工技术［M］. 北京：金盾出版社，1995.
HUANG F H. The processing technology of peanuts and sesame［M］. Beijing：Golden Shield Press，1995.
［2］张瑞美，彭世彰，徐俊增，等. 作物水分亏缺诊断研究进展［J］. 干旱地区农业研究，2006，24（2）：205‐210.
ZHANG R M，PENG S Z，XU J Z，et al. Research advance in diagnosis of crop water deficit［J］. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas，2006，24（2）：205‐210.
［3］LI D H，LIU P，YU J Y，et al. Genome‐wide analysis of WRKY gene family in the sesame genome and identification of the WRKY genes involved in responses to abiotic stresses［J］. BMC Plant Biology，2017，17（1）：152.
［4］KIM K S，PARK S H，JENKS M A. Changes in leaf cuticular waxes of sesame（Sesamum indicum L.）plants exposed to water deficit［J］. Journal of Plant Physiology，2007，164（9）：1134‐1143.

［5］刘晓丹，关丽云，高阳，等. 芝麻生长对水分胁迫的响应及抗旱性鉴定［J］. 江苏农业科学，2022，50（14）：85‐91.

LIU X D，GUAN L Y，GAO Y，et al. Response of sesame growth to water stress and drought resistance identification［J］. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2022，50（14）：85‐91.
［6］王林海，张艳欣，危文亮，等. 中国芝麻湿害和旱害发生调查与分析［J］. 中国农学通报，2011，27（28）：301‐306.
WANG L H，ZHANG Y X，WEI W L，et al. Investment of waterlogging and drought effect on the sesame production in China［J］. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin，2011，27（28）：301‐306.

［7］张梓然，郑德益，涂子豪，等. 钾营养对花期干旱胁迫芝麻生长及叶片氮代谢的影响［J］. 核农学报，2024，38（9）：1782‐1789.

ZHANG Z R，ZHENG D Y，TU Z H，et al. Effects of potassium on growth and leaf nitrogen metabolism of sesame under drought stress at flowering stage［J］.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences， 2024， 38 （9）：1782‐1789.

［8］张智涵，姚杰，张占田，等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对干旱胁迫下黄瓜苗期生长和土壤酶活的影响［J/OL］. 作物杂志，2024：1‐7（2024‐08‐13）［2025‐06‐10］. http：//kns. cnki.net/kcms/detail/11. 1808. s. 20240812. 1453. 004. html.
ZHANG Z H，YAO J，ZHANG Z T，et al. Effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid on cucumber seedling growth and soil enzyme activity under drought stress［J/OL］.Crop Journal，2024：1‐7（2024‐08‐13）［2025‐06‐10］. http：//kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1808.s.20240812.1453.004.html.

［9］严寒，许本波，赵福永，等. 脱落酸和水杨酸对干旱胁迫下芝麻幼苗生理特性的影响［J］.干旱地区农业研究，2008，26（6）：163‐166.
YAN H，XU B B，ZHAOFY，et al. Effects of abscisic acid and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of sesame seedlings under drought stress［J］.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas，2008，26（6）：163‐166.

［10］何斌，卢维娜，方圣. 钾对花期干旱胁迫下芝麻生长特性、钾素利用和产量的影响［C］//中国作物学会. 第二十届中国作物学会学术年会论文摘要集. 长沙：中国作物学会，2023：345.
HE B，LU W N，FANG S. Effects of potassium on growth characteristics，potassium utilization and yield of sesame under flowering drought stress［C］//Chinese Crop Society. Abstracts of the Papers of the 20 th Annual Academic Conference of the Chinese Crop Society. Changsha：Chinese Crop Society，2023：345.

［11］珊丹，郭建英，荣浩，等. 施肥对干旱半干旱草原区金属矿山尾矿库土壤质量的影响及其评价［J］. 安全与环境工程，2022，29（3）：208‐217.
SHAN D，GUO J Y，RONG H，et al. Effect and evaluation of fertilization on soil quality in metal tailing pond in arid and semi‐arid steppe regions［J］.Safety and Environmental Engineering，2022，29（3）：208‐217.

［12］刘鑫. 五种外源物质缓解笔筒树幼苗干旱胁迫的效应及生理机制的研究［D］.哈尔滨：哈尔滨师范大学，2022.
LIU X. Study on the effect and physiological mechanism of five exogenous substances inalleviating drought stress of Bidens bipinnata seedlings［D］.Harbin：Harbin Normal University，2022.

［13］李铭怡，贾濠基，董文豪，等. 油菜素内脂对干旱胁迫下护坡植物高羊茅生理特性的调控效应［J］.草业科学，2025，42（1）：140‐151.
LI M Y，JIA H J，DONG W H，et al. Regulatory effects of brassinolide on the physiological characteristics of Festuca arundinacea，a slope protection plant，under drought stress［J］. Pratacultural Science，2025，42（1）：140‐151.

［14］NOLAN T M，VUKAŠINOVIĆ N，LIU D R，et al.Brassinosteroids：Multidimensional regulators of plant growth，development，and stress responses［J］. The Plant Cell，2020，32（2）：295‐318.

［15］TONG H N，CHU C C. Brassinosteroid signaling and application in rice［J］. Journal of Genetics and Genomics，2012，39（1）：3‐9.

［16］赵小强，任续伟，张金乾，等. 外源2，4-表油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下青贮玉米幼苗生长和光合特性的影响［J］. 分子植物育种，2023，21（10）：3371‐3382.
ZHAO X Q，REN X W，ZHANG J Q，et al. Effects of exogenous EBR on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of silage maize seedlings under drought stress［J］. Molecular Plant Breeding，2023，21（10）：3371‐3382.

［17］WANG Q，DING T，GAO L P，et al. Effect of brassinolide on chilling injury of green bell pepper in storage［J］.Scientia Horticulturae，2012，144：195‐200.

［18］高桐梅，吴寅，李丰，等. 苗期水分胁迫对芝麻生长和生理特性的影响［J］. 核农学报，2017，31（11）：2229‐2235.
GAO T M，WU Y，LI F，et al. Effects of water stress on physiological characteristics and growth under water stress in seedling of sesame［J］.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences，2017，31（11）：2229‐2235.

［19］赵世杰，许长成，邹琦，等. 植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进［J］. 植物生理学通讯，1994，30（3）：207‐210.
ZHAO S J，XU C C，ZOU Q，et al. Improvement of determination method of malondialdehyde in plant tissues［J］. Plant Physiology Communications，1994，30（3）：207‐210.

［20］职明星，李秀菊. 脯氨酸测定方法的改进［J］.河南科技学院学报，2005（4）：10‐12.
ZHI M X，LI X J. Improvement of the method for measuring proline content［J］. Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology（Natural Science Edition），2005（4）：10‐12.

［21］王学奎. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术［M］. 2版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006.
WANG X K. Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry experiments［M］.2ed.Beijing：Higher Education Press，2006.

［22］SRIVASTAVA S，SRIVASTAVA M. Morphological changes and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana under water stress［J］. American Journal of Plant Sciences，2014，5（22）：3417‐3422.

［23］张乐，张富国，靳亚忠，等. 不同分子质量壳寡糖对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响［J］.河南农业科学，2024，53（12）：10‐22.
ZHANG L，ZHANG F G，JIN Y Z，et al. Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides with different molecular weight on growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings under drought stress［J］. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences，2024，53（12）：10‐22.

［24］ANWAR A，LIU Y M，DONG R R，et al. The physiological and molecular mechanism of brassinosteroid in response to stress：A review［J］.Biological Research，2018，51（1）：46.

［25］赵红，徐芬芬，余淑铃，等. 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的缓解效应［J］. 北方园艺，2022（20）：
35‐41.
ZHAO H，XU F F，YU S L，et al. Mitigation effect of 2，4‐epibrassinolide on cucumber seedlings under cadmium stress［J］. Northern Horticulture，2022（20）：35‐41.

［26］张金鹏，高士孔，于乔，等. 外源腐胺对干旱胁迫下多年生黑麦草生长和光合作用的影响［J］. 草业科学，2025，42（4）：991‐999.
ZHANG J P，GAO S K，YU Q，et al. Effects of exogenous putrescine on plant growth and photosynthesis of perennial ryegrass under drought stress［J］. Pratacultural Science，2025，42（4）：991‐999.

［27］郭贵华，刘海艳，李刚华，等. ABA缓解水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫生理特性的分析［J］. 中国农业科学，2014，47（22）：4380‐4391.
GUO G H，LIU H Y，LI G H，et al. Analysis of physiological characteristics about ABA alleviating rice booting stage drought stress ［J］. Scientia Agricultura Sinica，2014，47（22）：4380‐4391.

［28］缐旭林，张德，张仲兴，等. 2，4-表油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下垂丝海棠生理特性的影响［J］.干旱地区农业研究，2022，40（3）：37‐45.
XIAN X L，ZHANG D，ZHANG Z X，et al. Effects of 2，4‐Epibrassinolide on physiological characteristics of Malus halliana under drought stress［J］. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas，2022，40（3）：37‐45.

［29］ASHRAF M，FOOLAD M R. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance［J］.Environmental and Experimental Botany，2007，59 （2）：206‐216.

［30］TANG S，ZHANG H X，LI L，et al. Exogenous spermidine enhances the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity of rice under heat stress during early grain‐filling period［J］. Functional Plant Biology，2018，45（9）：911‐921.

［31］黄婵.植物抗旱生理基础研究进展［J］. 农村实用技术，2019（6）：62‐64.
HUANG C. Research progress on physiological basis of drought resistance in plants［J］. Rural Practical Technologies，2019（6）：62‐64.

［32］唐茜，王佳丽，李文强. 胞外多糖对盐胁迫下荆芥种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理特性的影响［J］. 河南农业科学，2024，53（10）：96‐105.
TANG Q，WANG J L，LI W Q. Effects of extracellular polysaccharides on seed germination，seedling growth and physiological characteristics of Schizonepeta tenuifolia under salt stress［J］. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences，2024，53（10）：96‐105.
［33］刘文萍，刘霞霞，韩俊梅，等. 芝麻苗期干旱生理生化指标响应特征及其基因表达分析［J］. 干旱地区农业研究，2024，42（1）：152‐158.
LIU W P，LIU X X，HAN J M，et al. Response characteristics of physiological and biochemical indices and geneexpression analysis of sesame during seedling stage under drought［J］. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas，2024，42（1）：152‐158.
［34］柯媛媛，陈翔，倪芊芊，等. 低温逆境胁迫下小麦ROS代谢及调控机制研究进展［J］. 大麦与谷类科学，2021，38（1）：1‐6.
KE Y Y，CHEN X，NI Q Q，et al. Research progress of the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and its regulation mechanisms in wheat under low temperature stress［J］. Barley and Cereal Sciences，2021，38（1）：1‐6.
［35］DU F，SHI H J，ZHANG X C，et al. Responses of reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes，proline and malondialdehyde to water deficits among six secondary successional seral species in Loess Plateau［J］. PLoS One，2014，9（6）：e98872.
［36］师焕婷，杨龙飞，唐华苹，等. 小麦苗期外施脯氨酸增强抗旱性的生理机制研究［J/OL］. 中国农业科技导报，2024：1‐9（2024‐11‐12）［2025‐06‐10］. https：//doi.org/10. 13304/j. nykjdb. 2024. 0378.
SHI H T，YANG L F，TANG H P，et al. Study on physiological mechanism of drought resistance enhanced by proline application outside seedling stage of wheat［J/OL］. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology，2024：1‐9（2024‐11‐12）［2025‐06‐10］.https：//doi.org/10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0378.

[1]	TIAN Yuan, ZHANG Pengyu, LI Feng, WANG Dongyong, FU Jinzhou, RONG Yasi, GAO Tongmei. Identification of Differentially Expressed ERF Genes under Low Nitrogen Stress in Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.）and Expression Analysis of SiERF08 Gene [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(4): 37-46.
[2]	LI Chenhao, WANG Chuan, LI Guoqiang, ZHAO Qiaoli, YANG Ping, WANG Kai, CHANG Shenglong, ZHENG Guoqing. Detection and Counting of Sesame Capsules per Plant Based on Improved YOLOv8‐Track Model [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(4): 155-166.
[3]	LÜ Shuli, DING Fang, TIAN Zhuangbo. Effects of Spraying Prohexadione Calcium on Mechanical Harvesting Agronomic Characters，Yield and Quality of Sesame under Different Densities [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(2): 58-65.
[4]	SU Wangcang, NIU Yujia, YAN Zhaoling, DU Li, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, XU Hongle, WU Renhai, LIU Hongyan. Screening and Safety Evaluation of Post‑emergence Herbicides for Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Sesame Fields [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(11): 101-108.
[5]	MA Qin, ZHAO Ruihong, JU Ming, CHEN Chengbin, DUAN Yinghui, YANG Weifei, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Haiyang, . Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(10): 48-53.
[6]	GUAN Haoyue, LI Mengyao, LI Guoqiang, ZHANG Jiantao, GAO Tongmei, CHEN Xianguan, ZHANG Wenyu, WU Jinzhi. Parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Sesame Phenology Simulation Model [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(9): 159-170.
[7]	LI Mengyao, GUAN Haoyue, ZHANG Jiantao, HUANG Ming, LI Feng, RONG Yasi, LI Youjun, LI Guoqiang. Sensitivity Analysis and Applicability Evaluation of the AquaCrop Model for Sesame Crop Parameters [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(7): 149-159.
[8]	XU Fangfang, ZHENG Lei, JU Ming, MA Qin, LI Chun, DUAN Yinghui, ZHANG Xianmei, MIAO Hongmei. Screening and Analysis of SSR Markers for Evaluating Sesame Germplasm Oil Content Level [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(11): 49-56.
[9]	CUI Chengqi, LIU Yanyang, DU Zhenwei, WU Ke, JIANG Xiaolin, ZHENG Yongzhan, MEI Hongxian. QTL Mapping of Seed Quality Traits Based on High‑Density Genetic Map in Sesame [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(9): 66-77.
[10]	JU Ming, LI Hailing, YUAN Qingli, MA Qin, DUAN Yinghui, LIU Yangming, YAN Kerun, ZHANG Haiyang, MIAO Hongmei. Establishment and Evaluation of Copper Soap Colorimetric Method for Acid Value Determination of Slight Amount of Sesame Sample [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(8): 45-55.
[11]	HU Feng, ZHANG Jiantao, ZHANG Jie, GAO Tongmei, ZHAO Qiaoli, ZHENG Guoqing, LI Guoqiang, LIU Lijie. Study on Spatio‑Temporal Variation of Climatic Suitability of Sesame Planting in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(8): 56-68.
[12]	LI Feng, GAO Tongmei, WANG Dongyong, TIAN Yuan, SU Xiaoyu, ZHANG Pengyu, YANG Zihao, WEI Shuangling. Effect of Leaf‑pinching on Leaf Yield，Nutrient Content，Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Sesame [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(10): 44-52.
[13]	ZHANG Pengyu, GAO Tongmei, SU Xiaoyu, LI Feng, WANG Dongyong, TIAN Yuan, LU Hailing, MIAO Hongmei, WEI Shuangling. Screening of Nitrogen Efficient Varieties and Construction of Nitrogen Efficiency Assessment System at Seedling Stage of Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.） [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(6): 54-66.
[14]	LI Chun, DUAN Yinghui, JU Ming, MIAO Hongmei, DU Hua, ZHANG Haiyang. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Elite Allele Mining in Main Sesame Cultivars Released in China [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(3): 55-64.
[15]	LI Chunming, PEI Xinyong, ZHANG Haiyang, GAO Tongmei, LI Feng, WANG Long, WEI Shuangling. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Canopy Architecture，Yield and Economic Benefit of Black Sesame [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(12): 48-55.