Effects of Water Regulation during Panicle Initiation Stage on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Rice under Straw Returning

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.004

Abstract

Abstract: The treatment without straw returning（A1）and treatment with straw returning（A2）were set up，and the effects of water regulation［mild water control（WP1，Ψsoil=0 kPa），moderate water control（WP2，Ψsoil=-15 kPa），medium‐to‐severe water control（WP3，Ψsoil=-30 kPa），severe water control（WP4，Ψsoil=-45 kPa），conventional flooding（CK）］during panicle initiation stage on photosynthetic characters［leaf SPAD value，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs）and transpiration rate（Tr）］，antioxidant properties［superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，catalase（CAT）activity and malondialdehyde（MDA）content］，yield and its components（number of spikes per hole，thousand‐grain weight，number of primary branches，number of grains from primary branches，number of secondary branches and number of grains from secondary branches）were studied，so as to provide a theoretical basis for water management during panicle initiation stage under straw returning condition.The results showed that，the SPAD value，Gs and Tr of A2 treatment were higher than those of A1 treatment under WP1 condition，and the MDA content was lower than that of A1 treatment. The 1 000‐grain weight，number of grains from primary branches，number of secondary branches，number of grains from secondary branches and yield of A2 treatment were higher than those of A1 treatment under WP1 and WP2 conditions. Under A1 condition，the SPAD value，Pn，Gs，Tr，CAT activity，SOD activity，yield and its components generally decreased with the decrease of soil water potential；Under A2 condition，the SPAD value，Pn，Gs，Tr，SOD activity，number of panicles per hole，1 000‐grain weight，number of secondary branches，the number of grains from secondary branches and yield of WP1 treatment were the highest，and the overall order was WP1>WP2>CK>WP3>WP4. The photosynthetic capacity，antioxidant capacity，yield and its components of A2WP1 treatment were generally the highest，followed by A1CK，A2WP2 treatments. In summary，when the soil water potential was 0 kPa and -15 kPa，returning straw can enhance the photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant capacity of rice leaves，effectively alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on rice leaves，and increase the yield by increasing thousand‐grain weight，number of secondary branches and number of grains from secondary branches，and the A2WP1 treatment is the best.

Key words: Rice, Straw returning, Spike differentiation stage, Water regulation, Photosynthetic characters, Yield

摘要： 设置秸秆不还田处理（A1）和秸秆还田处理（A2），研究秸秆还田条件下穗分化期水分调控［轻度控水（WP1，Ψsoil=0 kPa）、中度控水（WP2，Ψsoil=-15 kPa）、中重度控水（WP3，Ψsoil=-30 kPa）、重度控水（WP4，Ψsoil=-45 kPa）、常规淹水（CK）处理］对水稻叶片光合特性［SPAD值、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）］、抗氧化特性［超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量］和产量及其构成因素（每穴穗数、千粒质量、一次枝梗数、一次枝梗数实粒数、二次枝梗数、二次枝梗实粒数）的影响，以期为秸秆还田条件下水稻穗分化期的水分管理提供理论依据。结果表明，A2处理的SPAD值、Gs、Tr在WP1条件下均高于A1处理，MDA含量低于A1处理；千粒质量、一次枝梗实粒数、二次枝梗数、二次枝梗实粒数、产量在WP1和WP2条件下均高于A1处理。在A1条件下，水稻叶片的SPAD值、Pn、Gs、Tr、CAT活性、SOD活性和产量及其构成因素总体上均随土壤水势的降低而下降；在A2条件下，WP1处理水稻叶片的SPAD值、Pn、Gs、Tr、SOD活性、每穴穗数、千粒质量、二次枝梗数、二次枝梗实粒数和产量均最高，总体上表现为WP1>WP2>CK>WP3>WP4。总体上以A2WP1处理光合能力、抗氧化能力、产量及其构成因素最高，A1CK、A2WP2处理次之。综上，当土壤水势为0 kPa和-15 kPa时，秸秆还田能增强水稻叶片的光合能力和抗氧化能力，有效缓解水分胁迫对水稻叶片的不利影响，并通过增加千粒质量、二次枝梗数和二次枝梗实粒数来提高产量，以A2WP1处理最优。

关键词: 水稻, 秸秆还田, 穗分化期, 水分调控, 光合特性, 产量

CLC Number:

S511

BAI Chenghan, JI Linshuang, WANG Siwen, LIU Liang, MA Wei, LIU Xiaoliang, YANG Yongzhi, SUN Yi’nan, GUO Wanqing, LIN Zhe, HOU Linhan, PIAO Jin, HOU Ligang. Effects of Water Regulation during Panicle Initiation Stage on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Rice under Straw Returning[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(5): 31-40.

柏程瀚, 吉林爽, 王斯文, 刘亮, 马巍, 刘晓亮, 杨永志, 孙一楠, 郭万卿, 林喆, 侯林含, 朴锦, 侯立刚. 秸秆还田条件下穗分化期水分调控对水稻叶片光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(5): 31-40.

Figures/Tables 6

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