Effect of Optimal Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer on Eating and Nutritional Quality of Superior and Inferior Grains of Dry Direct‑Sowing Rice in Wheat‑Rice Rotation Cropping District

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.06.004

Abstract

Abstract: The effect of optimal reduction of chemical fertilizer[F1(N 280 kg/ha,P₂O₅ 108 kg/ha,K₂O 135 kg/ha),F2(N 210 kg/ha,P₂O₅ 81 kg/ha,K₂O 135 kg/ha),F3(N 140 kg/ha,P₂O₅ 54 kg/ha,K₂O 135 kg/ha)]on eating and nutritional quality of superior and inferior grains of dry direct‑sowing rice was studied in wheat‑rice rotation cropping district,with conventional fertilization(F0:N 350 kg/ha,P₂O₅135 kg/ha,K₂O 135 kg/ha)as control,so as to provide reference for high quality and high yield fertilization management of direct‑sowing rice.The results showed that optimal reduction of chemical fertilizer generally significantly enhanced the breakdown and peak viscosity of superior and inferior grains of dry direct‑sowing rice,improving eating quality.Compared with F0 treatment,the breakdown of superior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly increased by 8.35%，7.65% and 9.78%,respectively,the value of breakdown of inferior grains of F1 and F3 treatments significantly enhanced by 13.25% and 11.13%,respectively. Generally,optimal reduction of chemical fertilizer significantly decreased the contents of histidine(His),proline(Pro)and Mn in superior and inferior grains,but enhanced the tyrosine(Tyr),arginine(Arg)and lysine(Lys)contents in superior and inferior grains and contents of Cu and Zn in inferior grains.In addition,the Fe content in inferior grains was significantly increased by F1 treatment,and the Fe and Cu contents in superior grains and Ca content in superior and inferior grains were significantly increased by F2 treatment. Compared with F0 treatment,the Tyr content in superior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly enhanced by 100.28%，44.76% and 41.08%,respectively,and that in inferior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly increased by 85.21%,61.64% and 22.47%,respectively;the Lys content in superior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly enhanced by 28.87%,27.32% and 70.62%,respectively,and that in inferior grains of F1 and F3 treatments significantly increased by 27.23% and 39.44%,respectively;the Arg content in superior and inferior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly increased by 6.54%,1.84%,2.18% and 32.83%,33.59%,23.02%,respectively.Compared with F0 treatment,the Fe content in inferior grains of F1 treatment significantly increased by 27.16%,Zn content in inferior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly enhanced by 18.86%，6.56% and 3.39%,respectively,Cu content in inferior grains of F1,F2 and F3 treatments significantly increased by 2.49%,2.95% and 3.11%,respectively.In summary,optimal reduction of chemical fertilizer enhances eating quality,improves nutritional quality of superior and inferior grains of dry direct‑sowing rice,and F1 treatment is the best.

Key words: Rice, Chemical fertilizer, Optimal reduction, Dry direct?sowing, Superior grains, Inferior grains, Quality

摘要： 以常规施肥处理（F0，施N 350 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 135 kg/hm²、K₂O 135 kg/hm²）为对照，研究不同化肥优化减施处理（F1：施N 280 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 108 kg/hm²、K₂O 135 kg/hm²；F2：施N 210 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 81 kg/hm²、K₂O 135 kg/hm²；F3：施N 140 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 54 kg/hm²、K₂O 135 kg/hm²）对麦茬旱直播稻强、弱势粒食味与营养品质的影响，以期为直播稻优质高产施肥管理提供参考。结果表明，各化肥优化减施处理总体上均显著提高了直播稻强、弱势粒崩解值和峰值黏度，改善了食味品质，F1、F2、F3处理强势粒的崩解值分别比F0 处理显著提高8.35%、7.65%、9.78%，F1、F3 处理弱势粒的崩解值分别比F0 处理显著提高13.25%、11.13%。各化肥优化减施处理总体上均显著降低了强、弱势粒中组氨酸、脯氨酸及锰含量，总体上均显著提高了强、弱势粒中酪氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸含量和弱势粒中铜、锌含量，另外，F1处理还显著提高弱势粒中铁含量，F2处理显著提高强势粒中铁、铜含量及强、弱势粒中钙含量。与F0处理相比，F1、F2、F3处理强势粒的酪氨酸含量分别显著提高100.28%、44.76%、41.08%，弱势粒的酪氨酸含量分别显著提高85.21%、61.64%、22.47%；F1、F2、F3处理强势粒的赖氨酸含量分别显著提高28.87%、27.32%、70.62%，F1和F3处理弱势粒的赖氨酸含量分别显著提高27.23%、39.44%；F1、F2、F3处理强势粒的精氨酸含量分别显著提高6.54%、11.84%、2.18%，弱势粒的精氨酸含量分别显著提高32.83%、33.59%、23.02%。与F0处理相比，F1处理弱势粒铁含量显著提高27.16%，F1、F2、F3处理弱势粒锌含量分别显著提高18.86%、6.56%、3.39%，F1、F2、F3处理弱势粒铜含量分别显著提高2.49%、2.95%、3.11%。综上，化肥优化减施在提高强、弱势粒食味品质的同时，可以改善营养品质，总体上以F1处理最优。

关键词: 水稻, 化肥, 优化减施, 旱直播, 强势粒, 弱势粒, 品质

CLC Number:

S511

LIU Qihua, SUN Zhaowen, YIN Xiubo, ZHENG Chongke. Effect of Optimal Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer on Eating and Nutritional Quality of Superior and Inferior Grains of Dry Direct‑Sowing Rice in Wheat‑Rice Rotation Cropping District[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(6): 27-36.

刘奇华, 孙召文, 尹秀波, 郑崇珂. 化肥优化减施对麦茬旱直播稻强、弱势粒食味与营养品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(6): 27-36.

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