Identification and Expression Analysis of PAL Gene Family in Tartary Buckwheat

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.007

Abstract

Abstract: Based on bioinformatics methods，the PAL gene family in tartary buckwheat was identified and analyzed at the whole genome level. The gene expression levels of PAL family in different tissues were detected using quantitative real‑time PCR（qRT‑PCR），so as to provide a reference for further investigation into the fundamental characteristics and gene functions of this gene family.The results showed that the PAL gene family in tartary buckwheat consisted of five members distributed across four chromosomes，with amino acids of encoding proteins ranged from 688 to 722 aa. All proteins exhibited
similar physicochemical properties，including molecular weights ranging from 74 453.74 u to 78 377.58 u and isoelectric points ranging from 5.64 to 6.28.Furthermore，PAL members were stable and hydrophilic proteins，and were located in the cytoplasm. Collinearity analysis showed that there were six collinear gene pairs between tartary buckwheat PAL genes and soybean PAL genes，and three collinear gene pairs between tartary buckwheat PAL genes and alfalfa PAL genes. PAL gene family shared high protein sequence homology，with strictly conserved secondary structures and motifs. All PAL proteins contained a MIO（4‑methylidene‑imidazole‑5‑one）active group composed of Ala‑Ser‑Gly.PAL proteins from different species were relatively independent and conserved during evolution. PAL gene family member possessed many cis‑acting elements regulating light response，hormone response，stress response and development in promoter.Expression pattern analysis results showed that five PAL genes were expressed in different degrees in tartary buckwheat tissues.Notably，the FtPAL2 gene showed specific and highly elevated expression levels in flower organs.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, PAL, Gene family, Identification, Bioinformatics, Expression analysis

摘要： 利用生物信息学手段对苦荞PAL基因家族进行全基因组鉴定和分析，并利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术检测该基因家族在不同组织中的表达水平，为深入研究该基因家族的基本特征和基因功能提供一定的参考。结果表明，苦荞PAL基因家族共包含5个成员，分布于4条染色体上，其编码蛋白质的氨基酸数目介于688~722 aa；所有蛋白质理化性质相似，分子质量介于74 453.74~78 377.58 u，等电点介于5.64~6.28，均为稳定性蛋白和亲水性蛋白；亚细胞定位预测结果显示，所有蛋白质均定位于细胞质中；苦荞PAL基因家族与大豆有6对共线性基因，与紫花苜蓿有3对共线性基因；苦荞PAL家族蛋白质序列同源性较高，二级结构及保守基序的保守性较强，所有蛋白质均含有一个由Ala-Ser-Gly构成的MIO（亚甲基咪唑酮）活性基团；不同物种类群的PAL蛋白在进化上相对独立且保守；苦荞PAL基因家族成员启动子含有大量光响应、激素响应、胁迫响应和发育相关顺式作用元件。表达模式分析结果表明，5个PAL基因在苦荞各组织中均有不同程度的表达，其中FtPAL2基因在苦荞花器官中特异性高表达。

关键词: 苦荞, PAL, 基因家族, 鉴定, 生物信息学, 表达分析

CLC Number:

S517

WANG Qinghai, JIA Yanhua, LUO Yanran, WANG Anhu. Identification and Expression Analysis of PAL Gene Family in Tartary Buckwheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(11): 63-73.

王清海, 贾燕华, 罗嫣然, 王安虎. 苦荞PAL 基因家族鉴定及表达分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(11): 63-73.

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