Abstract: To address severe environmental pollution and carbon⁃nitrogen loss caused by emissions of ammonia（NH_₃） and greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide（N_₂O），carbon dioxide（CO_₂） and methane（CH₄） during livestock manure composting，chicken manure and rubberwood sawdust were used as primary raw materials in this study. Three treatments were established：no biochar addition（CK），10% raw biochar addition（T1），and 10% H_₃PO_₄⁃modified biochar addition（T2）. A 35⁃day aerobic composting experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different treatments on the composting process of chicken manure mixed with rubberwood sawdust，gas mitigation performance，and the corresponding microbial communities. The results showed that compared with the CK treatment，T1 and T2 raised the peak temperature of compost piles and prolonged the thermophilic phase by 4—6 days. At the end of composting （35 days after composting），the T2 treatment significantly reduced compost pH value and extremely significantly decreased electrical conductivity（EC） relative to CK. The seed germination index（GI） of all treatments met the maturity criterion（GI≥70%）. The contents of humic substances（HS）and humic acid（HA） increased markedly under T1 and T2 treatments. The increase rates of HS reached 150.58% and 174.43%，while those of HA were 80. 24% and 83. 98%，respectively，with T2 exhibiting the optimal promotion effect. In terms of gas emission reduction，compared with CK，T1 and T2 reduced NH₃ emissions by 18.17% and 47.41%，N₂O emissions by 12.22% and 17.93%，CO₂ emissions by 4.89% and 71.74%，and CH₄ emissions by 4.89% and 15.58%，respectively. The T2 treatment possessed superior comprehensive emission reduction capacity. Obvious shifts were observed in the relative abundance of microbial communities at both phylum and genus levels throughout composting.Bacillus，Corynebacterium，Actinomadura and Thermobacillus were the dominant genera in compost.Among them，Bacillus and Thermobacillus were significantly positively correlated with NH_₃ emission rate，whereas Actinomadura was significantly positively correlated with the emission rates of N_₂O and CH_₄. In conclusion，H3PO4⁃modified biochar（T2 treatment） effectively optimizes the temperature rise characteristics of compost，extends the thermophilic maturity stage，and mitigates NH₃ and greenhouse gas emissions，making it the best composting treatment in this experiment.

Key words: Chicken manure, Rubberwood sawdust, Aerobic composting, Biochar, Ammonia, Greenhouse gas, Humification, Microbial community

摘要： 为解决畜禽粪便堆肥过程中氨气（NH₃）以及氧化亚氮（N₂O）、二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）等温室气体排放引起的严重环境污染和碳氮损失问题，以鸡粪和橡胶木屑为主要原料，设置无生物炭添加（CK）、添加10%生物炭（T1）、添加10%磷酸改性生物炭（T2）3个处理，开展为期35 d的好氧堆肥试验，探究不同处理对鸡粪和橡胶木屑好氧堆肥进程、气体减排效果和相关微生物群落的影响。结果表明，与CK处理相比，T1和T2处理可提高堆体峰值温度，并使高温阶段延长4~6 d。堆肥结束后（堆肥35 d），与CK处理相比，T2处理显著降低了堆体pH值，且极显著降低堆体电导率（EC）；各处理种子发芽指数（GI）均满足腐熟要求（GI≥70%）；T1和T2处理的腐殖质（HS）、胡敏酸（HA）含量明显上升，HS增幅分别为150.58%、174.43%，HA增幅分别为80.24%、83.98%，其中T2处理提升效果最优。气体减排方面，相较于CK处理，T1、T2处理的NH₃排放量分别降低18.17%、47.41%，N₂O排放量分别降低12.22%、17.93%，CO₂排放量分别降低4.89%、71.74%，CH₄排放量分别降低4.89%、15.58%，其中T2处理的综合减排优势更突出。堆肥过程中，门水平和属水平的微生物群落相对丰度均发生明显变化，芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）、马杜拉放线菌属（Actinomadura）和热芽孢杆菌属（Thermobacillus）为堆肥优势菌属；其中Bacillus、Thermobacillus与NH₃排放速率显著正相关，Actinomadura与N₂O和CH₄排放速率显著正相关。综上，添加磷酸改性生物炭（T2处理）可有效优化堆体升温特性、延长高温腐熟期，并减少NH₃及温室气体排放，是试验条件下最优的堆肥处理。

关键词: 鸡粪, 橡胶木屑, 好氧堆肥, 生物炭, 氨气, 温室气体, 腐殖化, 微生物群落