Abstract: To improve the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in wheat production，a two⁃factor split⁃plot field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 using the ¹⁵N isotope tracing technique. The main factor was nitrogen fertilizer type，including conventional nitrogen fertilizer（X） and slow⁃release nitrogen fertilizer（Y）. The sub⁃factor was soil conditioner type，including no conditioner（A），biochar（B），zeolite（C），and vermiculite （D）. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizers and soil conditioners on wheat yield，nitrogen accumulation and translocation，and nitrogen utilization were analyzed. The results showed that the YB treatment exhibited significantly better performance in yield increase and improvement of nitrogen accumulation，translocation and utilization than all other treatments. Compared with the XA treatment，the wheat yield of YB was increased by 31.29%；the nitrogen accumulation amounts in stem and sheath，rachis and glume，leaves，and grains were increased by 54.54%，52.23%，42.51%，and 19.43%，respectively. This treatment optimized the source proportion of fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen，resulting in a 38. 42% increase in total plant nitrogen accumulation. The uptake of fertilizer nitrogen was increased by 44.66%，while the residual amount and loss amount of fertilizer nitrogen were decreased by 4.95% and 56.61%，respectively. The nitrogen transport capacity，transport efficiency，transport contribution rate were increased by 26.63%，15.79%，and 19.16%，respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency，nitrogen uptake efficiency，and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were increased by 27.12%，36.84%，and 26.78%，respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that each index had varying degrees of influence on wheat yield，total nitrogen accumulation，and nitrogen use efficiency.Principal component analysis verified that the combined application of slow⁃release nitrogen fertilizer and biochar was the optimal treatment. In conclusion，the combined application of slow⁃release nitrogen fertilizer and biochar could significantly promote nitrogen uptake，accumulation，translocation and distribution in wheat plants，reduce fertilizer nitrogen loss，and synergistically improve nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and wheat yield. It is the optimal fertilization and soil improvement scheme to balance grain yield increase and efficient nitrogen fertilizer utilization under the experimental conditions.

Key words: Wheat, ¹⁵N tracing, Slow?release nitrogen fertilizer, Soil conditioner, Nitrogen accumulation and transport, Yield

摘要： 为提高小麦生产氮肥利用效率，于2022—2024年采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术开展双因素裂区试验，主因素为氮肥类型［常规氮肥（X）、缓释氮肥（Y）］，副因素为土壤调理剂类型［无调理剂（A）、生物炭（B）、沸石（C）、蛭石（D）］，分析不同氮肥类型与土壤调理剂对小麦产量、氮累积转运和氮利用的影响。结果表明，YB处理在增产和提高氮累积转运利用方面显著优于其他处理，与XA处理相比，小麦产量提升31.29%，茎秆+叶鞘、穗轴+颖壳、叶、籽粒氮累积量分别提高54.54%、52.23%、42.51%、19.43%；优化了肥料氮与土壤氮来源比例，总氮累积量增加38.42%，肥料氮吸收量提高44.66%，肥料氮残留量和损失量分别降低4.95%、56.61%；氮转运量、转运效率和贡献率分别提高26.63%、15.79%、19.16%；氮利用效率、氮吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高27.12%、36.84%、26.78%。相关性分析结果表明，各指标对小麦产量、氮累积量及氮利用效率均有不同程度影响；主成分分析结果表明，缓释氮肥配施生物炭为最佳处理。综上，缓释氮肥配施生物炭能够显著促进小麦植株氮吸收累积与转运分配，减少肥料氮损失，协同提升氮肥利用效率与小麦产量，是试验条件下兼顾增产与氮肥高效利用的最佳施肥改良方案。

关键词: 小麦, ¹⁵N示踪, 缓释氮肥, 土壤调理剂, 氮累积转运, 产量