Abstract: To understand the specific situation of crop germplasm resources in Henan Province，in the third national census and collection action of crop germplasm resources，Henan Province conducted a comprehensive survey of crop germplasm resources in 128 agricultural counties（cities，districts）across the province（referred to as census counties），and carried out a systematic investigation and rescue collection of crop germplasm resources in 38 agricultural counties（cities，districts） with rich germplasm resources（referred to as survey counties）from 2020 to 2023.By organizing the collected germplasm sample information，the quantity，type，distribution，and diversity of the germplasm were analyzed.The results showed that in the third national census and collection action of crop germplasm resources，Henan Province collected a total of 7 565 crop germplasm resources.By germplasm type，local varieties，wild resources，bred varieties，and foreign‑introduced varieties accounted for 77.08%，20.15%，2.63%，and 0.15%，respectively；by crop type，vegetable crop，grain crop，fruit tree crop，economic crop，and forage and green manure crop accounted for 36.54%，31.73%，20.28%，9.07%，and 2.38%，respectively.The collected germplasm belonged to 55 families，176 genera，and 290 species，covering a total of 241 crops，the top six in terms of the quantity of germplasm were Fabaceae，Poaceae，Cucurbitaceae，Rosaceae，Liliaceae，and Brassicaceae. There were significant difference in the types of crops collected in the 18 prefecture‑level cities，Anyang，Hebi，Xinxiang，Xuchang，Sanmenxia，and Jiyuan City primarily focused on grain crops，among which Sanmenxia City collected the highest number of grain crops，a total of 270；Luoyang City emphasized both food and fruit tree crops； the other prefecture‑level cities were dominated by vegetable crops，Nanyang collected the largest number of vegetable crops，a total of 288.The quantity of crop germplasm collected in Henan Province generally decreased with the increase of altitude，mainly distributed in areas below 100 meters.A total of 24 families crops were distributed at all six altitude gradients，the top five in terms of germplasm quantity included Fabaceae，Poaceae，and Rosaceae at all six altitude gradients.The quantity of Cucurbitaceae germplasm was most affected by altitude.Correlation analysis showed that at the six altitude gradients，there were highly significant positive correlations between each pair of Shannon‑Wiener diversity index，Brillouin richness index，Simpson dominance index，and Pielou evenness index of crop germplasm resources.

Key words: Crops, Germplasm resources, Systematic survey and collection, Diversity, Altitude, Henan Province

摘要： 为摸清河南省农作物种质资源具体情况，在第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动中，河南省于2020—2023年对全省128个农业县（市、区）（简称普查县）进行农作物种质资源的全面普查，并对38个农作物种质资源丰富的农业县（市、区）（简称调查县）进行农作物种质资源的系统调查和抢救性收集，通过整理收集种质资源样本信息，对种质数量、类型、分布及多样性进行分析。结果表明，在第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动中，河南省共征收集农作物种质资源7 565份，按种质资源类型分，地方品种、野生资源、选育品种、国外引进品种占比分别为77.08%、20.15%、2.63%、0.15%；按作物类型分，蔬菜作物、粮食作物、果树作物、经济作物、牧草绿肥作物占比分别为36.54%、31.73%、20.28%、9.07%、2.38%；征收集种质隶属55科176属290种，共241种作物，豆科、禾本科、葫芦科、蔷薇科、百合科、十字花科种质数量居前6位。18个地级市征收集种质资源的作物类型差异明显，安阳、鹤壁、新乡、许昌、三门峡、济源市以粮食作物为主，其中，三门峡市征收集的粮食作物数量最多，为270份；洛阳市以粮食与果树作物并重；其余地级市以蔬菜作物占优，南阳市征收集的蔬菜作物数量最多，为288份。河南省征收集的农作物种质资源数量总体上随海拔升高而下降，主要集中在海拔100 m以下区域，有24科作物在6个海拔梯度均有分布，豆科、禾本科、蔷薇科作物数量在6个海拔梯度中均居前5位，葫芦科作物数量受海拔影响最大。相关性分析表明，在6个海拔梯度，农作物种质资源的Shannon Wiener多样性指数、Brillouin丰富性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数两两间均存在极显著正相关关系。

关键词: 农作物, 种质资源, 普查收集, 多样性, 海拔, 河南省