Abstract: To identify the suitable farming pattern for high‑yield and high‑efficiency wheat production in lime concretion black soil，a two‑year field experiment was conducted to study wheat root and tiller dynamics，aboveground dry matter accumulation and translocation，yield，and economic benefits under eight treatment combinations of straw incorporation（straw incorporation and straw removed），tillage method（rotary tillage and plowing），and planting method（equal‑row spacing and wide‑narrow row spacing）.The results showed that compared with the treatment with straw incorporation，two passes of rotary tillage and equal‑row spacing（T1），the treatment with straw incorporation，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal‑row spacing（T3）significantly increased secondary root numbers at wintering and jointing stages in two years，with increases of 19.98%—48.71% and 40.98%—44.08%，respectively；the treatment with straw incorporation，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and wide‑narrow row spacing（T7）only significantly increased secondary root numbers at jointing and flowering stages in the second year. Compared with T1 treatment，T3 treatment and the treatment with straw removed，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal‑row spacing（T4）significantly increased basic seedling number，maximum tiller number，and aboveground dry matter accumulation at flowering and mature stages，while T7 treatment significantly increased the maximum tiller number in two years；T3 treatment significantly increased dry matter transport amount before anthesis，dry matter transport rate before anthesis，contribution rate of dry matter transport to grain yield before anthesis，grain number per ear，and yield in two years，with yield increase of 8.38%—11.65%，while the treatment with straw removed，two passes of rotary tillage and equal‑row spacing（T2）and T4 treatment only significantly increased dry atter accumulation after anthesis and yield in the second year.The net income and output‑input ratio of T3 treatment were the highest，increased by 1 420.86—2 801.55 yuan/ha and 0.12—0.26 compared with T1 treatment in two years，respectively；T2 and T4 treatments only increased the net income of 680.34—964.12 yuan/ha and 420.36—1 246.23 yuan/ha，compared with T1 treatment in two years，respectively.In summary，the pattern with straw incorporation，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal‑row spacing can increase wheat root and tiller number，promote dry matter accumulation and transport before anthesis，and improve yield and economic benefit，being a farming pattern for high‑yield and high‑efficiency wheat production in lime concretion black soil.

Key words: Wheat, Tillage method, Planting method, Straw incorporation, Root and tiller dynamic, Yield, Economic benefit

摘要： 为明确砂姜黑土小麦高产高效生产的适宜耕种模式，通过连续2个年度的田间试验，研究秸秆还田（秸秆还田和秸秆离田）、耕作方式（旋耕、翻耕）和种植方式（等行距、宽窄行）组配的8个处理下小麦根蘖动态、地上部干物质积累与转运、产量和经济效益。结果表明，与秸秆还田+旋耕2遍+等行距种植（T1）处理相比，秸秆还田+翻耕+驱动耙1遍+等行距种植（T3）处理2个年度越冬期和拔节期小麦次生根数均显著增加，增幅分别为19.98%~48.71%和40.98%~44.08%，秸秆还田+翻耕+驱动耙1遍+宽窄行种植（T7）处理仅第2个年度拔节期和开花期次生根数量显著增加；2个年度，T3处理和秸秆离田+翻耕+驱动耙1遍+等行距种植（T4）处理基本苗数、最大茎蘖数、开花期和成熟期地上部干物质积累量均显著增加，T7处理最大茎蘖数均显著增加；2个年度，T3处理花前干物质转运量、花前干物质转运率、花前干物质转运量对籽粒产量的贡献率、穗粒数和产量均显著增加，其中，产量增加8.38%~11.65%，而秸秆离田+旋耕2遍+等行距种植（T2）、T4处理仅显著增加第2个试验年度花后干物质积累量和产量；2个年度，T3处理净收入和产投比均最高，分别较T1处理增加1 420.86~2 801.55元/hm²和0.12~0.26，T2和T4处理净收入分别较T1处理增加680.34~964.12元/hm²和420.36~1 246.23元/hm²。综上，秸秆还田+翻耕+驱动耙1遍+等行距种植模式可增加小麦根蘖数量，促进花前干物质积累与转运，提升产量和经济效益，为砂姜黑土小麦高产高效耕种模式。

关键词: 小麦, 耕作方式, 种植方式, 秸秆还田, 根蘖动态, 产量, 经济效益