Abstract: Abstract：To systematically evaluate the genetic diversity，agronomic traits，and quality characteristics of five Ganoderma lucidum strains（strain 2，3，4，5，and 6），and to investigate the effects of log⁃based and substrate⁃based cultivation on the growth and active component accumulation of Ganoderma lucidum，this study conducted genetic diversity analysis based on ITS1/ITS4 primer amplification and the Needleman⁃Wunsch algorithm，determined the agronomic traits and contents of triterpenoids，sterols，and polysaccharides of fruiting bodies，and compared the differences between log⁃based and substrate⁃based cultivation.The results showed that the genetic identity among different Ganoderma lucidum strains ranged from 92.92% to 98.89%.Among them，strain 4 exhibited significant genetic divergence from other strains（92.92%—93.69%），and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was located on an independent branch. Quality analysis revealed that the contents of triterpenoids and sterols（0.72%—1.07%）and polysaccharides（1.40%—1.47%） in all strains significantly exceeded the standards stipulated in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China（2020 edition）（0.5% and 0.9%，respectively）.Notably，strain 6 exhibited the highest content of triterpenoids and sterols，while strains 2，5，and 6 showed the most prominent polysaccharide content. In terms of agronomic traits，strain 4 had advantages in pileus size，whereas strain 6 was relatively smaller； there was no significant difference in dry weight per fruiting body among strains（15.61—17.56 g）. Regarding different cultivation modes，the dry weight per fruiting body of log⁃cultivated strain 3（103.33 g） was significantly higher than that of substrate⁃based cultivation（15.61 g），and log⁃cultivated strain 3 produced fruiting bodies with significantly superior morphology and higher total active component content per fruiting body compared to substrate⁃based cultivation，although the latter resulted in a higher content of active components. In summary，strain 4 exhibited significant genetic divergence and formed an independent branch；strain 6 had the highest content of triterpenoids and sterols，while strains 2，5，and 6 had the highest polysaccharide content；og⁃based cultivation increased the total yield of active components per fruiting body，whereas substrate⁃based cultivation contributed to higher contents of active components.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, ITS sequence, Genetic diversity, Quality, Cultivation mode, Germplasm resource evaluation

摘要： 为了系统评价5个灵芝种质（灵芝2号、3号、4号、5号和6号）的遗传多样性、农艺性状及品质特性，并探究段木与代料栽培对灵芝生长及活性成分积累的影响，基于ITS1/ITS4引物扩增及Needleman-Wunsch算法进行遗传多样性分析，测定子实体农艺性状及三萜及甾醇含量、多糖含量，比较段木与代料栽培的差异。结果表明，灵芝不同种质间基因一致性为92.92%~98.89%。其中，灵芝4号与其他种质遗传差异显著（92.92%~93.69%）。系统发育分析结果表明，灵芝4号处于独立分支。品质分析结果显示，所有种质的三萜及甾醇（0.72%~1.07%）与多糖（1.40%~1.47%）含量均明显高于《中华人民共和国药典》（2020年版）中的规定含量（0.5%、0.9%）。其中，灵芝6号的三萜及甾醇含量最高，灵芝2号、5号及6号的多糖含量较为突出。农艺性状上，灵芝4号在菌盖尺寸上具有优势，灵芝6号较小；种质间单子实体干质量介于15.61~17.56 g，无显著差异。不同栽培方式比较结果表明，段木栽培的灵芝3号单子实体干质量（103.33 g）显著高于代料栽培（15.61 g），且段木栽培的子实体形态及单子实体活性成分总量上显著优于代料栽培，但后者在活性成分含量上更高。综上，灵芝4号遗传分化显著且处于独立分支；灵芝6号三萜及甾醇含量最高，灵芝2号、5号、6号多糖含量最高；段木栽培可提高单子实体活性成分总产量，代料栽培有助于提升活性成分含量。

关键词: 灵芝, ITS序列, 遗传多样性, 品质, 栽培模式, 种质资源评价