Isolation and Identification of the Main Trichoderma Pathogens in Shiitake Mushrooms and Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Five Plant Essential Oils

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.04.009

Abstract

Abstract: Trichoderma disease is one of the major biological stress factors restricting the development of the shiitake mushroom industry in Northwest China. To clarify the species composition of the pathogenic fungi and explore effective biological control measures，pathogenic Trichoderma strains were isolated from infected shiitake mushroom cultivation bags collected from greenhouses in Wuwei City，Gansu Province，and were identified through morphological observation and molecular analysis. In addition，the control effects of five plant essential oils（Magnolia officinalis，Sophora flavescens，Cnidium monnieri，Glycyrrhiza uralensis，and Coptis chinensis） at different volume fractions（0，0.125‰，0.250‰，0.500‰，and 1.000‰） against the pathogens were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the main pathogenic Trichoderma species responsible for large‑scale contamination of cultivation bags were Trichoderma anaharzianum and Trichoderma lixii.Among the tested essential oils，Sophora flavescens essential oil exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on both pathogenic fungi.At a volume fraction of 1.000‰，mycelial growth and spore production of both Trichoderma species were completely inhibited，and the spore germination inhibition rates reached 93.73% and 97.17%，respectively.In addition，Magnolia officinalis essential oil also showed strong antifungal activity against both pathogens.At a volume fraction of 1.000‰，it achieved optimal efficacy，with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 94.91% and 94.01%，spore germination inhibition rates of 90.24% and 92.93%，respectively，and complete suppression of spore production.The other three essential oils（Cnidium monnieri，Glycyrrhiza uralensis，and Coptis chinensis）exhibited relatively low inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of the two Trichoderma species，but showed varying degrees of inhibition on spore germination and spore production.In conclusion，Sophora flavescens and Magnolia officinalis essential oils demonstrate the best overall efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth，spore germination，and spore production of pathogenic Trichoderma，and thus can be considered promising plant‑derived antifungal agents for the green control of Trichoderma disease in shiitake mushroom cultivation.

Key words: Shiitake mushroom, Trichoderma, Pathogen identification, Plant essential oils, Antifungal effect

摘要： 木霉病害是制约西北地区香菇产业发展的主要生物胁迫因素之一，为明确其病原菌种类，探寻有效的生物防治手段，对甘肃省武威市香菇大棚内染病菌棒的致病木霉进行了分离、形态学观察和分子鉴定，并综合测评了5种植物（厚朴、苦参、蛇床子、甘草和黄连）精油在不同体积分数下（0、0.125‰、0.250‰、0.500‰、1.000‰）对病原菌的防治效果。结果表明，造成香菇菌棒大规模污染的主要致病木霉为近哈茨木霉（Trichoderma anaharzianum）和力克木霉（Trichoderma lixii）。苦参精油对2种致病菌的抑菌效果最佳，当体积分数为1.000‰时，2种木霉的菌丝生长和孢子产量均受到完全抑制，孢子萌发抑制率分别为93.73% 和97.17%。此外，厚朴精油对2 种致病菌也具有较强的抑菌效果，当体积分数为1.000‰时抑制效果达到最佳，2种木霉的菌丝生长抑制率分别为94.91%和94.01%，孢子萌发抑制率分别为90.24%和92.93%，孢子产量均受到完全抑制。其他3种精油对2种木霉菌丝生长的抑制率较低，但在孢子萌发和孢子产量方面有不同的抑制效果。综上，苦参与厚朴精油在香菇木霉病菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、孢子产量三方面的综合抑制效果最佳，可作为植物源抑菌剂用于香菇木霉病害的绿色防治。

关键词: 香菇, 木霉菌, 病原鉴定, 植物精油, 抑菌效果

CLC Number:

S436.46⁺1

LI Mingzhe, MAO Yuqing, YANG Jieqiong, GUO Runxia, DUAN Zhenwei, BAN Litong, WANG Yuanhong, YU Haili. Isolation and Identification of the Main Trichoderma Pathogens in Shiitake Mushrooms and Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Five Plant Essential Oils[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(4): 90-99.

李明哲, 毛雨晴, 杨洁琼, 郭润霞, 段振伟, 班立桐, 王远宏, 于海利. 香菇主要木霉病原菌的分离鉴定及5 种植物精油抑菌效果研究[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(4): 90-99.

Figures/Tables 12

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