河南农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 79-89.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.04.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同土壤调理剂对酸化砂姜黑土质量及小麦生长和养分吸收的影响

张运红1,2,3，杨永辉1,2,3，张森森4，张泽立5，张水清1，高翠民1,2,3，何方1,2,3，韩伟锋1,2,3，张欢1,2,3，潘晓莹1,2,3，王柏寒1
  

  1. （1.河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室，河南 郑州 450002；2.农业农村部作物高效用水原阳科学观测试验站，河南 原阳 453514；3.河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站，河南 原阳453514；4.超纯矿物新材料产业技术研究院，河南 郑州 450000；5.中亿正花农业科技（正阳县）有限公司，河南 正阳 463600）
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 接受日期:2025-12-17 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 杨永辉，研究员，博士，主要从事耕作与节水农业研究。E-mail：yangyongh2020@126.com
  • 作者简介:张运红，副研究员，博士，主要从事植物营养与培肥研究。E-mail：snowgirl23@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业科学院省农业生产重大应急专项（2024ZDYJ002）；河南省农业科学院自主创新项目（2025ZC103）；河南省农业科学院杰出青年科技基金项目（2026JQ02）；河南省农科院创新团队项目（2024TD27）；河南省科技攻关项目（252102110165）；2023年度河南省地质研究院地质科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目（2023-904-XM009-KT01）

Effects of Different Soil Conditioners on the Quality of Acidified Sandy Ginger Black Soil，and the Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Wheat

ZHANG Yunhong1,2,3，YANG Yonghui1,2,3，ZHANG Sensen4，ZHANG Zeli5，ZHANG Shuiqing1，GAO Cuimin1,2,3，HE Fang1,2,3，HAN Weifeng1,2,3，ZHANG Huan1,2,3，PAN Xiaoying1,2,3，WANG Bohan1   

  1. （1.Institute of Plant Nutrition，Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science，Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Zhengzhou 450002，China；2.Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China，Yuanyang 453514，China；3.Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water‑Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province，Yuanyang 453514，China；4.Research Institute of Ultra‑pure Mineral New Material Industry Technology，Zhengzhou 450000，China；5.Zhongyi Zhenghua Agricultural Technology（Zhengyang County）Co.，Ltd.，Zhengyang 463600，China）
  • Received:2025-10-29 Accepted:2025-12-17 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-05-06

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摘要： 采用大田试验，研究了8种不同土壤调理剂（生石灰、商品矿物源土壤调理剂、自主研发的1—6号土壤调理剂）对酸化砂姜黑土质量及小麦生长和养分吸收的影响，以期为豫南酸化土壤改良和土壤调理剂创制提供依据。以小麦为供试作物，共设置9个处理：以不施土壤调理剂对照，设置使用生石灰、商品矿物源土壤调理剂、1号土壤调理剂（元明粉+厩肥）、2号土壤调理剂（草木灰+厩肥）、3号土壤调理剂（草木灰+厩肥+黄腐酸钾+微生物菌剂+增效剂）、4号土壤调理剂（富硅黏土矿物+腐植酸有机肥+微生物菌剂）、5号土壤调理剂（富硅黏土矿物+生物炭+海藻生物有机肥）、6号土壤调理剂（富硅黏土矿物+生物炭+腐植酸有机肥）等处理，分析不同处理小麦群体动态、光合特性、产量及构成因子、养分吸收和收获后土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明，与不施土壤调理剂对照相比，除生石灰处理外，其余土壤调理剂处理的小麦成熟期群体数和成穗率分别增加5.7%~30.7%和30.0%~82.7%。施用不同土壤调理剂小麦扬花期净光合速率、产量和植株氮积累量分别增加5.4%~68.6%、19.6%~69.0%和38.1%~120.7%，整体上以1号和4号土壤调理剂增幅较大，尤其后者，其磷钾积累量也显著提高。4、5、6号土壤调理剂处理的小麦收获后土壤pH值分别增加0.36、0.55、1.15，速效钾含量分别增加14.4%、34.3%、45.4%，但土壤碱解氮含量有所降低。生石灰处理的0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤含水率分别提高45.3%、36.1%，扬花期小麦水分利用效率（WUE）提高44.8%。1号土壤调理剂处理0~40 cm土层含水量和返青期小麦WUE均显著降低，土壤pH值略有升高。综上，以1、4、5号土壤调理剂增产改土效果相对较好，建议用于豫南酸化砂姜黑土改良和新产品创制。

关键词: 土壤调理剂, 酸化砂姜黑土, 小麦, 养分吸收, 产量

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of eight different soil conditioners（lime，commercial mineral‑based soil conditioner and self‑developed soil conditioners No.1—6）on the quality of acidified sandy ginger black soil，the growth and nutrient absorption of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.），in order to provide a basis for acidified soil remediation and soil conditioners creation. Using wheat as the test crop，nine treatments were set up：control（no soil conditioner application），lime，commercial mineral‑based soil conditioner，soil conditioners No.1（glauber’s salt+manure），No.2（plant ash+manure），No.3（plant ash+manure+potassium fulvate +microbial inoculum+synergist），No.4（silicon‑rich clay mineral+humic acid organic fertilizer+microbial inoculum），No.5（silicon‑rich clay mineral+biochar+seaweed organic fertilizer），No.6（silicon‑rich clay mineral+biochar+humic acid organic fertilizer）.The differences among different treatments in population dynamics，photosynthetic characteristics，yield and composition factors，nutrient absorption of wheat and soil physicochemical properties after harvest were analyzed. The results showed that，compared with the control without the application of soil conditioners，except for the lime treatment，tiller number at the maturity stage and spike formation rate of wheat under the treatments of other soil conditioners were increased by 5.7%—30.7% and 30.0%—82.7%，respectively.The application of different soil conditioners increased the net photosynthetic rate，yield，and nitrogen accumulation of wheat at the flowering stage by 5.4%—68.6%，19.6%—69.0% and 38.1%—120.7%，respectively，with relatively larger increasing temperature of soil conditioners No.1 and No.4，especially the latter，which also led to a significant increase in phosphorus and potassium accumulation. After wheat harvest，the soil pH value under the treatments of soil conditioners No.4，5，6 were raised by 0.36，0.55，1.15，respectively，and available potassium contents were increased by 14.4%，34.3%，45.4%，but alkalized‑nitrogen content reduced. Soil moisture contents in the soil layer of 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm treated with lime were increased by 45.3% and 36.1%，respectively，and water use efficiency（WUE）of wheat at the flowering stage was raised by 44.8%.Soil conditioner No. 1 significantly reduced the soil moisture content of the 0—40 cm soil layer and WUE of wheat at the regreening stage，but raised soil pH value slightly. In summary，under the conditions of this experiment，the application of soil conditioners No.1，4，5 had relatively good effects on increasing yield and improving soil quality，and they were recommended to use in the improvement of acidified sandy ginger black soil in southern Henan and the creation of new products.

Key words: Soil conditioner, Acidified sandy ginger black soil, Wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）, Nutrient absorption, Yield

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