河南农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 90-99.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.04.009

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

香菇主要木霉病原菌的分离鉴定及5 种植物精油抑菌效果研究

李明哲1,毛雨晴2,杨洁琼2,郭润霞2,段振伟2,班立桐1,王远宏1,于海利2   

  1. (1.天津农学院,天津 300392;2.武威市农业科学研究院 食用菌研究所,甘肃 武威 733000)

  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25 接受日期:2025-09-12 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-05-07
  • 通讯作者: 王远宏,教授,博士,主要从事植物病害防治和生防微生物分子生物学研究。E-mail:Wangyh@tjau.edu.cn 于海利,副研究员,博士,主要从事植物保护、食用菌栽培研究。E-mail:yhl860310@163.com
  • 作者简介:李明哲,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病理学。E-mail:743179970@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方资金项目(24ZYQH006);甘肃省东西部科技协作专项(24CXNH009);天津市中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(24YCGSN00070,23YCGSN00870)

Isolation and Identification of the Main Trichoderma Pathogens in Shiitake Mushrooms and Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Five Plant Essential Oils

LI Mingzhe1,MAO Yuqing2,YANG Jieqiong2,GUO Runxia2,DUAN Zhenwei2,BAN Litong1,WANG Yuanhong1,YU Haili2   

  1. (1.Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;2.Institute of Edible Fungi,Wuwei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuwei 733000,China)
  • Received:2025-07-25 Accepted:2025-09-12 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-05-07

摘要: 木霉病害是制约西北地区香菇产业发展的主要生物胁迫因素之一,为明确其病原菌种类,探寻有效的生物防治手段,对甘肃省武威市香菇大棚内染病菌棒的致病木霉进行了分离、形态学观察和分子鉴定,并综合测评了5种植物(厚朴、苦参、蛇床子、甘草和黄连)精油在不同体积分数下(0、0.125‰、0.250‰、0.500‰、1.000‰)对病原菌的防治效果。结果表明,造成香菇菌棒大规模污染的主要致病木霉为近哈茨木霉(Trichoderma anaharzianum)和力克木霉(Trichoderma lixii)。苦参精油对2种致病菌的抑菌效果最佳,当体积分数为1.000‰时,2种木霉的菌丝生长和孢子产量均受到完全抑制,孢子萌发抑制率分别为93.73% 和97.17%。此外,厚朴精油对2 种致病菌也具有较强的抑菌效果,当体积分数为1.000‰时抑制效果达到最佳,2种木霉的菌丝生长抑制率分别为94.91%和94.01%,孢子萌发抑制率分别为90.24%和92.93%,孢子产量均受到完全抑制。其他3种精油对2种木霉菌丝生长的抑制率较低,但在孢子萌发和孢子产量方面有不同的抑制效果。综上,苦参与厚朴精油在香菇木霉病菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、孢子产量三方面的综合抑制效果最佳,可作为植物源抑菌剂用于香菇木霉病害的绿色防治。

关键词: 香菇, 木霉菌, 病原鉴定, 植物精油, 抑菌效果

Abstract: Trichoderma disease is one of the major biological stress factors restricting the development of the shiitake mushroom industry in Northwest China. To clarify the species composition of the pathogenic fungi and explore effective biological control measures,pathogenic Trichoderma strains were isolated from infected shiitake mushroom cultivation bags collected from greenhouses in Wuwei City,Gansu Province,and were identified through morphological observation and molecular analysis. In addition,the control effects of five plant essential oils(Magnolia officinalisSophora flavescensCnidium monnieriGlycyrrhiza uralensis,and Coptis chinensis) at different volume fractions(0,0.125‰,0.250‰,0.500‰,and 1.000‰) against the pathogens were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the main pathogenic Trichoderma species responsible for large‑scale contamination of cultivation bags were Trichoderma anaharzianum and Trichoderma lixii.Among the tested essential oils,Sophora flavescens essential oil exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on both pathogenic fungi.At a volume fraction of 1.000‰,mycelial growth and spore production of both Trichoderma species were completely inhibited,and the spore germination inhibition rates reached 93.73% and 97.17%,respectively.In addition,Magnolia officinalis essential oil also showed strong antifungal activity against both pathogens.At a volume fraction of 1.000‰,it achieved optimal efficacy,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 94.91% and 94.01%,spore germination inhibition rates of 90.24% and 92.93%,respectively,and complete suppression of spore production.The other three essential oils(Cnidium monnieriGlycyrrhiza uralensis,and Coptis chinensis)exhibited relatively low inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of the two Trichoderma species,but showed varying degrees of inhibition on spore germination and spore production.In conclusion,Sophora flavescens and Magnolia officinalis essential oils demonstrate the best overall efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth,spore germination,and spore production of pathogenic Trichoderma,and thus can be considered promising plant‑derived antifungal agents for the green control of Trichoderma disease in shiitake mushroom cultivation.

Key words: Shiitake mushroom, Trichoderma, Pathogen identification, Plant essential oils, Antifungal effect

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