施氮量和移栽密度对东北冷凉区黑色稻源库特性的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为建立适宜于东北冷凉区黑色稻的高产栽培技术，以黑色稻延黑205为试验材料，在不同施氮量（N1：100 kg/hm²，N2：130 kg/hm²，N3：160 kg/hm²）和移栽密度（D1：5.1×10⁵株/hm²，D2：3.4×10⁵株/hm²，D3：2.5×10⁵株/hm2）条件下进行大田试验，明确能使黑色稻源库关系达到协调并形成高产的最优施氮量和移栽密度。结果表明，N3和D3处理能改善黑色稻光合性能，增强其源端能力，分蘖数、株高、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和地上部干质量总体上均随着施氮量的增加和移栽密度的降低而提高。D3处理类胡萝卜素含量最高，显著高于D1处理，但施氮量对类胡萝卜素含量无显著影响。N3处理和D3处理的库容量较小，在干物质转运、产量及其构成因素方面未表现出优势。不同组合间比较，N3D3处理在光合色素积累和光合气体交换方面均表现出一定优势，其在抽穗期的净光合速率可达到18.49 μmol/（m^²·s），为全生育期所有处理组合的最大值，是提升光合能力的最佳组合。N2处理和D1处理库容量最高。有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率随着施氮量的增加均表现出先升高后降低的趋势，皆以N2处理最高，同时N2处理叶片、茎鞘物质转换率和表观输出率均最高，D1处理叶片物质转换率和表观输出率均最高。不同组合间比较，N2D3处理库容量虽达到最大值，为6 930.74 kg/hm²，但最终产量并非最高；N2D1处理库容量次之，为6 563.72 kg/hm²，其最终产量为所有处理组合中最高（5 889.98 kg/hm²），是有效提升黑色稻库容量的最佳组合。主成分分析表明，产量在代表库端特征的PC2中载荷值最高，为0.76。综上，黑色稻延黑205属库限制型水稻，在东北冷凉区种植时，推荐施氮量为130 kg/hm²，移栽密度为5.1×105株/hm²，此时源库关系较为协调，产量可达到5 889.98 kg/hm²。

关键词: 黑色稻, 源库关系, 施氮量, 移栽密度, 产量, 东北冷凉区

Abstract: To establish high‑yield cultivation technique suitable for black rice in cool regions of Northeast China，a field experiment was conducted using the black rice Yanhei 205 as experimental material.Three nitrogen application rates（N1：100 kg/ha，N2：130 kg/ha，and N3：160 kg/ha）and three transplanting densities（D1：5.1 × 10^⁵ plants/ha，D2：3.4 × 10^⁵ plants/ha，and D3：2.5 × 10^⁵ plants/ha）were designed to determine the optimal combination that coordinated the source‑sink relationship and achieved high yield.The results showed that N3 and D3 treatments improved photosynthetic performance and enhanced source capacity. Tiller number，plant height，chlorophyll a content，chlorophyll b content，and dry weight of aboveground part generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and decrease of transplanting density. D3 treatment had the highest carotenoid content，which was significant higher than D1 treatment，whereas nitrogen application rate had no significant effect on carotenoid content.However，sink capacity of N3 and D3 treatments was lower，and no advantages were observed in dry matter translocation，yield components，or final grain yield. Among treatment combinations，N3D3 treatment exhibited superiority in photosynthetic pigment accumulation and gas exchange，with a maximum net photosynthetic rate of 18.49 μmol/（m^²·s）at the heading stage，which was the highest value among all treatments during the entire growth period，indicating that this combination was optimal for enhancing photosynthetic capacity at the individual‑plant level.N2 and D1 treatments had the highest sink capacity.The number of effective panicles，spikelet number per panicle，and seed setting rate increased initially and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate，reaching maximum values under N2 treatment. Meanwhile，N2 treatment had the highest conversion rate and apparent export rate of matter from leaves and stems，and D1 treatment also had the highest conversion rate and apparent export rate of matter from leaves. Regarding treatment combinations，although N2D3 treatment achieved the highest sink capacity（6 930.74 kg/ha），but did not had the highest grain yield. N2D1 treatment produced the second‑highest sink capacity（6 563.72 kg/ha），and had the greatest grain yield（5 889.98 kg/ha）among all treatments，indicating that it was the most effective strategy for enhancing sink capacity and yield formation in black rice.Principal component analysis revealed that grain yield exhibited the highest loading value（0.76）in PC2，which represented sink‑related traits.In conclusion，the black rice cultivar Yanhei 205 can be characterized as a sink‑limited rice genotype；the recommended nitrogen application rate is 130 kg/ha，and the transplanting density is 5.1 × 10^⁵ plants/ha in cool regions of Northeast China，the source‑sink relationship is well coordinated under this combination，and grain yield can reach 5 889.98 kg/ha.

Key words: Black rice, Source?sink relationship, Nitrogen application rate, Transplanting density, Yield, Cool regions of Northeast China

中图分类号:

S511

史宇航, 代雅萱, 李丹苹, 邢烨, 任邵琦, 金山, 刘海峰. 施氮量和移栽密度对东北冷凉区黑色稻源库特性的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(4): 33-47.

SHI Yuhang, DAI Yaxuan, LI Danping, XING Ye, REN Shaoqi, JIN Shan, LIU Haifeng. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Transplanting Density on Source‑Sink Characteristics of Black Rice in Cool Regions of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(4): 33-47.

图/表 14

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