关键词: 灵芝, ITS序列, 遗传多样性, 品质, 栽培模式, 种质资源评价

Abstract: Abstract：To systematically evaluate the genetic diversity，agronomic traits，and quality characteristics of five Ganoderma lucidum strains（strain 2，3，4，5，and 6），and to investigate the effects of log⁃based and substrate⁃based cultivation on the growth and active component accumulation of Ganoderma lucidum，this study conducted genetic diversity analysis based on ITS1/ITS4 primer amplification and the Needleman⁃Wunsch algorithm，determined the agronomic traits and contents of triterpenoids，sterols，and polysaccharides of fruiting bodies，and compared the differences between log⁃based and substrate⁃based cultivation.The results showed that the genetic identity among different Ganoderma lucidum strains ranged from 92.92% to 98.89%.Among them，strain 4 exhibited significant genetic divergence from other strains（92.92%—93.69%），and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was located on an independent branch. Quality analysis revealed that the contents of triterpenoids and sterols（0.72%—1.07%）and polysaccharides（1.40%—1.47%） in all strains significantly exceeded the standards stipulated in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China（2020 edition）（0.5% and 0.9%，respectively）.Notably，strain 6 exhibited the highest content of triterpenoids and sterols，while strains 2，5，and 6 showed the most prominent polysaccharide content. In terms of agronomic traits，strain 4 had advantages in pileus size，whereas strain 6 was relatively smaller； there was no significant difference in dry weight per fruiting body among strains（15.61—17.56 g）. Regarding different cultivation modes，the dry weight per fruiting body of log⁃cultivated strain 3（103.33 g） was significantly higher than that of substrate⁃based cultivation（15.61 g），and log⁃cultivated strain 3 produced fruiting bodies with significantly superior morphology and higher total active component content per fruiting body compared to substrate⁃based cultivation，although the latter resulted in a higher content of active components. In summary，strain 4 exhibited significant genetic divergence and formed an independent branch；strain 6 had the highest content of triterpenoids and sterols，while strains 2，5，and 6 had the highest polysaccharide content；og⁃based cultivation increased the total yield of active components per fruiting body，whereas substrate⁃based cultivation contributed to higher contents of active components.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, ITS sequence, Genetic diversity, Quality, Cultivation mode, Germplasm resource evaluation