河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 43-49.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.01.006

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

施肥和不施肥条件下耕作方式对小麦品质的影响

聂胜委1,张巧萍1,许纪东2,张玉亭1,郑念2,潘秀燕2   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南 郑州 450002;2.遂平县农业科学试验站,河南 遂平 463100)
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-11 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-03-18
  • 作者简介:聂胜委(1979-),男,河南汝州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事耕作制度与废弃物资源化利用方面的研究。E-mail:nsw2004@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201702);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(S2013-08-G03)

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Wheat Grain Quality under Fertilization and Non‐fertilization Conditions

NIE Shengwei1,ZHANG Qiaoping1,XU Jidong2,ZHANG Yuting1,ZHENG Nian2,PAN Xiuyan2   

  1. (1.Institute of Plant Nutrient,Resources and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Suiping Experiment Station of Agricultural Sciences,Suiping 463100,China)
  • Received:2021-10-11 Published:2022-01-15 Online:2022-03-18

摘要: 连续2 季(2017—2018 年、2018—2019 年)研究施肥(F)、不施肥(F0)条件下立式旋耕[FL,(30±5)cm]和常规旋耕[XG,(12±5)cm]对小麦产量及籽粒品质、面团流变特性的影响,为实现小麦高质量绿色生产提供参考。结果表明,与XG处理相比,FL处理小麦产量提高2.35%~34.13%,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和容重也均提高。其中,在不施肥条件下,2019年小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、容重达到显著水平,分别提高17.51%、0.87%。与XG处理相比,不施肥条件下,FL处理小麦籽粒含水量、湿面筋含量、面粉吸水量、面团稳定时间、能量、恒定变形拉伸阻力、延伸性、最大拉伸阻力均在2018年增加,2019年降低;面团弱化度在2018年降低,2019年显著增加;2 a出粉率分别显著降低1.52%、3.35%,面团形成时间缩短,2018年显著缩短17.86%。在施肥条件下,FL处理籽粒含水量、出粉率、面团稳定时间增加;面团弱化度降低或持平;湿面筋含量、面团延伸性在2018年降低,2019年增加;面粉吸水量、面团形成时间、能量、恒定变形拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力均降低。总之,立式旋耕较常规旋耕能提高籽粒的蛋白质含量和容重等,在第1季不施肥条件下可改善或提高面团的一些流变特性,施肥条件下对面团流变特性的影响没有明显的规律。

关键词: 小麦, 施肥, 耕作方式, 立式旋耕, 常规旋耕, 籽粒品质, 面团流变特性

Abstract: The effects of vertical rotary tillage[FL,(30±5)cm]and traditional rotary tillage[XG,(12±5)cm]on wheat grain yield,quality and dough rheological properties were studied under fertilization(F)and non‐fertilization(F0)conditions in two consecutive wheat seasons(2017—2018 and 2018—2019),so as to provide reference for high‐quality and green wheat production. The results showed that the yield of FL treatment increased by 2.35%—34.13% compared with XG treatment,and the grain protein content and bulk density of FL treatment increased too,which were significantly increased by 17.51%and 0.87% under F0 condition in 2019 respectively. Compared with XG treatment,grain water content,wet gluten content,water absorption of flour,stability time of dough,energy,constant deformation tensileresistance,extensibility and maximum tensile resistance of FL treatment increased in 2018 and decreased
in 2019 under F0 condition;softening degree of dough decreased in 2018 but significantly increased in 2019;the flour extraction rate significantly decreased by 1.52%(in 2018) and 3.35%(in 2019)respectively;development time of dough shortened,and significantly shortened by 17.86% in 2018.Under F condition,the grain water content,flour extraction rate and stability time of dough of FL treatment increased;softening degree of dough decreased or kept equal,wet gluten content and extensibility decreased in 2018 and increased in 2019;water absorption of flour,development time of dough,energy,constant deformation tensile resistance,maximum tensile resistance decreased.In conclusion,vertical rotary tillage can obtain higher yield,increase grain protein content and bulk density,and improve or increase some rheological properties under non‐fertilization in the first season,but there is no obvious regularity under fertilization condition.

Key words: Wheat, Fertilization, Tillage method, Vertical rotary tillage, Traditional rotary tillage, Grain quality, Dough rheological property

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