关键词: 贵州省, 农业有机废弃物, 秸秆, 基质化, 肥料化, 发芽指数, 生物炭

Abstract: In order to understand the potential of resources utilization of different agricultural organic wastes,taking Guizhou local corn straw,flue-cured tobacco straw,rice straw,sawdust,corncob powder,traditional Chinese medicine residue,pig manure,cattle manure,chicken manure as the research objectives,the physicochemical properties and safety utilization evaluation of the decomposed and high-temperature carbonized agricultural organic wastes were studied,and the utilization potential of matrization,fertilization and pyrolysis biochar was analyzed.The results showed that,after decomposted,the bulk density of each organic material was 0.24—0.38 g/cm³.The content of organic carbon was 37.67%—55.94%.The conductivities(EC values) of Chinese medicine residue,pig manure,cow manure and chicken manure were47.62%—190.48% higher than that of peat.The germination index of ryegrass using decomposed corn straw,rice straw,corncob powder and cow manure was between 0.81 and 0.98,which was close to peat.Except corncob powder,the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in other organic materials was lower than 0.7.After pyrolysis under low oxygen and high temperature,the organic carbon content of biochar was 30.52%—48.98%,the pH value was 8.75—11.56,and the specific surface area was 13.36—102.16 m²/g.In conclusion, after decomposted, organic materials have good aeration structure, water holding capacity and abundant mineral nutrition. Through scientific proportioning,they have the potential to become high-quality cultivation matrix and organic fertilizer raw materials. Biochar after low oxygen and high temperature pyrolysis has rich nutrients and large specific surface area,which has the potential to become soil improver,heavy metal passivator and organic fertilizer auxiliary materials.

Key words: Guizhou Province;Agricultural organic wastes;Straw, Matrization;Fertilization;Germination index;Biochar