Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

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2023, 52(9): 0.

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Application Status and Progress of Fluorescent Labeling Technology in the Creation of Novel Agrocompounds

WEN Ding, ZHANG Ya, LIU Shuangqing, WANG Chong, LIAO Xiaolan

2023, 52(9): 1-13. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.001

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Fluorescent labeling technology（FLT）is widely used in all aspects of the modern society,but its application in the field of agrocompound creation has rarely been reviewed. Based on the domestic and foreign literature on FLT in the field of agrocompound creation in the past 10 years，the kinds of fluorescent dyes in FLT was introduced，the application situation and progress of fluorescence probe technology and immunofluorescence technology in new agrocompound creation field were summarized，the limitations and deficiencies of FLT in the field of agrocompound creation were analyzed，and the development trend of FLT in the future was prospected.

Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet

LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan

2023, 52(9): 14-23. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.002

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Foxtail millet is an important multigrain crop in China，which is rich in protein，fatty acid，saccharides，dietary fiber and abundant essential trace elements for human body，and has high nutritional value. In this paper，the research progress of foxtail millet quality traits was reviewed from the aspects of appearance quality，eating and cooking quality，nutrient quality and processing quality，the existing problems in the research of foxtail millet quality were analyzed，and the prospect of further research was prospected.

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）Remote Sensing in the Study of Potato Field Phenotype

LI Min, GUO Leifeng, WANG Ruili

2023, 52(9): 24-32. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.003

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As one of the four major food crops in the world，potato plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security.Fast and accurate acquisition of potato phenotype information in large‑scale farmland is the basic guarantee for its refined management.By systematically expounding the composition and basic working principle of UAV remote sensing，this paper comprehensively combs and reviews the application status and progress of UAV remote sensing in potato field phenotype research，summarizes the existing shortcomings and prospects the future development direction，in order to provide theoretical supports and scientific references for the follow‑up in‑depth research.

Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments

XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li

2023, 52(9): 33-44. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004

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In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87，ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family.

Analysis of Yield Composition of Stem Lodging Resistance Related Traits of Maize under Different Densities

LU Xiaomin, GUO Shulei, ZHANG Xin, WEI Liangming, ZHANG Qianjin, CAO Liru, LIU Haijing, DENG Yazhou, ZHANG Zhen, WANG Zhenhua

2023, 52(9): 44-55. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.005

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The yield composition of stem lodging resistance related traits of six maize varieties under different densities（52 500，67 500，82 500，97 500，112 500 plants/ha）was studied，the contribution rates of different stalk traits to yield were determined，and the stem structure characteristics of density‑tolerant varieties were analyzed，so as to provide theoretical basis for improving stem lodging resistance characteristics of maize and thus increasing planting density.The results showed that with the increase of density，the yield of different maize varieties increased first and then decreased，the puncture resistance，diameter of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes and plant height all decreased，and ear position coefficient and the length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes all increased，but there was no consistent change pattern in ear position height，number of internodes under the ear and length of internodes under the ear. Compared with 52 500 plants/ha，the plant height under 67 500，82500，97 500 and 112 500 plants/ha decreased by 1.41%—5.65%，ear position coefficient increased by 2.07%—8.63%，average puncture resistance of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes decreased by4.25%—15.88%，average internode diameter of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes decreased by5.87%—14.27%，and average length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes increased by 7.73%—30.51%.The results of correlation analysis showed that the puncture resistance of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes，length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes，ear height，length of the aboveground 4th internode and density were significantly correlated with yield.The yield curve models of different maize varieties were established through the yield changes under different density conditions，the high‑yielding variety Qiule 368 was selected，and the optimal density of each variety was identified.Only Qiule 368 was both density tolerant and high‑yielding.The results of yield composition analysis of stem lodging resistance traits under different density conditions showed that the puncture resistance and the length‑diameter ratio of 3rd and 4th internodes were more important traits affecting yield；The sensitivity of the aboveground 3rd internode to density factors was weaker than the aboveground 4th internode；Under the condition of high density，the quality of the aboveground 4th internode had more important influence on yield.

Effect of Bed Planting Combined with One‑time Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Utilization and Economic Benefit of Winter Wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）

LIAN Yanhao, DU Feibo, XUE Bo, WANG Zhiqiang, REN Yongzhe, LIN Tongbao, LI Sen

2023, 52(9): 56-65. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.006

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In order to further explore the potential of reducing nitrogen and improving efficiency of bed planting of winter wheat，bed planting was combined with one‑time nitrogen application technology，the application pattern of water and nitrogen in different zones of“ridge nitrogen and furrow irrigation”was established，and field experiments was done from 2020 to 2022.The traditional flat planting with nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/ha by urea of 50% base fertilizer and 50% topdressing during regreening stage（PN240）was taken as the control，bed planting combined with one‑time nitrogen application rates of 120 kg/ha with 100% urea（LN120），180 and 240 kg/haby a mixture of 30% urea and 70% controlled‑release urea（LN180，LN240）was conducted，the population growth，yield，nitrogen accumulation and transport，water and nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of winter wheat were studied and evaluated.The results showed that increasing nitrogen application rate was beneficial to nitrogen absorption，plant growth and yield formation of winter wheat under bed planting，while the nitrogen application rate exceeded 180 kg/ha，the grain yield and nitrogen accumulation had no significant increase and even decreased significantly in 2021—2022.Compared with PN240 treatment，LN180 treatment improved the nitrogen transportation before flowering and the contribution rate to grain，which averagely increased by 8.3% and 10.8% in 2020—2022，respectively；grain yield had no significant increase，and the nitrogen uptake efficiency，nitrogen agronomic use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency increased by 29.7%，49.5% and 21.6% on average，respectively.Moreover，the economic benefit analysis result showed that the bed planting reduced cost of total input，the input‑output ratio of LN180 treatment increased by 10.3% on average compared with PN240 treatment.In conclusion，when nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/ha，bed planting combined with mixture of urea and controlled‑release urea could maintain grain yield and economic benefit of winter wheat，and improved nitrogen and irrigation use efficiency.

QTL Mapping of Seed Quality Traits Based on High‑Density Genetic Map in Sesame

CUI Chengqi, LIU Yanyang, DU Zhenwei, WU Ke, JIANG Xiaolin, ZHENG Yongzhan, MEI Hongxian

2023, 52(9): 66-77. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.007

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Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.）is an important oilseed crop for the high oil content and quality.Understanding the genetic basis of seed quality trait is essential for improving the seed quality traits of sesame. To identify the QTLs associated with the seed oil，protein，sesamin，and sesamolin content in sesame，we developed F₂，F_2:3，BC₁ and BC₁F₂ populations by crossing the Yuzhi 4 and BS lines to perform QTL mapping.A high‑density genetic map for the BC₁population was constructed using SLAF and SSR markers，and a genetic map for the F₂ population was constructed using SSR markers. In the F_2:3population，16 QTLs for the seed oil，protein，sesamin，and sesamolin content were identified and explained 5.08%—27.12% of the phenotypic variations（PVs）.Among these 16 QTLs，qOC_10‑1 was detected in two environments and explained 9.62%—27.12% of the PVs.In the BC₁ and BC₁F₂ populations，35 QTLs for the seed oil，protein，sesamin，and sesamolin content were identified.Among these 35 QTLs，the major QTLs qOC_4‑1，qOC_10‑2，and qSmin_7‑2 were detected in three environments，explaining 8.08%—12.42%，11.95%—12.60%，and 4.24%—10.56% of the PVs，respectively.Three major QTLs qSmin_8，qSmol_5‑2，and qSmol_7‑2 were identified in two environments，explaining 13.36%—26.75%，11.44%—14.33%，and 5.77%—12.38% of the PVs，respectively.By integrating the two genetic maps，we identified 10 QTL clusters.It was worth noting that loci4，loci7，loci8，and loci10 harboring at least one major QTL and associating with more than two seed quality traits were identified，and the maximum explanation rates of phenotypic variation were 12.42%，12.38%，26.75% and 27.12%，respectively.

Study on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic and Quality Traits of 48 Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

WANG Xiaojie, LI Meixia, TAO Lei, ZHANG Bo, HE Xinru, MI Jia, DAI Guoli, XU Wendi

2023, 52(9): 78-90. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.008

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In order to study the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic and quality traits（15 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits）of 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.，descriptive statistics analysis，principal component analysis，correlation analysis and clustering analysis were performed.The results showed that the germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.were rich in genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 1.431—2.095，and the variation coefficient was 19%—189%.The highest diversity index was longitudinal diameter of fruit，followed by transverse diameter of fruit，branch diameter，branch length，number of ripe fruits per branch and leaf width；The genetic diversityindex of quality traits was 0.745—1.007，the fruit shape had the highest diversity index，the diversity index of leaf shape was 0. 948，fruit color diversity index was 0.745.The results of the first six principal component analysis showed that longitudinal diameter of fruit，fruit color，leaf area，anthocyanin content，transverse diameter of fruit and branch diameter could be used as the main indexes to reflect the yield and quality of L.ruthenicum Murr.，with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%.The correlation analysis found that 15 pairs of traits reached the highly significant correlation level（P<0.01），and 14 pairs were positively correlated and 1 pair was negatively correlated，transverse diameter of fruit，average single fresh fruit weight and number of blades showed very significant positive correlation between each other（P<0.01），anthocyanin content，fruit color and number of ripe fruits per branch also showed very significant positive correlation between each other（P<0. 01），fruit stalk length and fruit shape，fruit color，anthocyanins concentration and branch diameter showed significant negative correlation（P<0. 01）.Based on genetic differences of traits between germplasms，48 germplasm resources were clustered into 6 categories，and the clustering results had a strong correlation with the distribution of sample communities.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of main phenotypic and quality traits in 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.is rich.

Effects of Winter Mulching on Soil Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Young Citrus Orchards

YU Gao, CHEN Fen, TIAN Xia, LU Xin, TENG Minghuan, XIE Wanying

2023, 52(9): 91-101. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.009

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The effects of different mulching modes on soil chemical properties and enzyme activity in young citrus orchards in winter were studied. From November 2020 to October 2022，four mulching modes including corn straw mulching（JGF），white film mulching（BMF），black film mulching（HMF），and gardening cloth film mulching（YDF）were set up in citrus orchards with three years of tree age，with no mulching（CK）as the control.The soil pH value，organic matter content，available nutrient content，and soil enzyme activity were measured in spring，summer，and autumn shoot stages of citrus，and the correlation analysis was conducted.The results showed that compared with CK，the four mulching modes effectively improved the soil organic matter，available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity in each growth stage of citrus.The soil organic matter content showed a gradual downward trend，except that the JGF model showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.Among them，the JGF model significantly increased by 18.87%—30.03% compared with the other three mulching modes in the autumn shoot stage.The contents of soil alkali‑hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil showed a decreasing trend during the growth period.Except for CK mode，the content of soil available potassium decreased firstly and then increased.The activities of soil catalase and urease decreased firstly and then increased.The soil invertase activity increased firstly and then decreased.The changes of soil pH value and acid phosphatase activity were slightly different under different mulching patterns.Redundancy analysis showed that the effects of soil chemical properties on soil enzyme activities under different mulching patterns were extremely significant（P<0.01）.The order of importance was：available potassium content>alkali‑hydrolyzed nitrogen content>available phosphorus content>pH value>organic matter content.Compared with the other three kinds of thermal covering materials in winter，JGF model can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter，improve soil nutrient conditions，stimulate soil enzyme activity，so corn straw can be preferentially used as thermal covering materials for young citrus orchards in yellow soil in winter.

Effects of Phytohormones and Chelating Agents on the Development and Remediation Effect of Portulaca oleracea L.under Cadmium Stress

GUO Menglu, LI Jianqi, LU Yu

2023, 52(9): 102-109. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.010

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To study the effects of phytohormones and chelating agent EDTA combined treatment on the development and repair effect of Portulaca oleracea L.under cadmium（Cd）stress，three phytohormone and EDTA combined treatments were set under cadmium stress（FI：20 mg/L Cd+1.5 mg/L EDTA+100 mg/L IAA；FG：20 mg/L Cd+1.5 mg/L EDTA+500 mg/L GA；FS：20 mg/L Cd+1.5 mg/L EDTA+100 mg/L SA），with distilled water as blank control（CK），and 20 mg/L Cd treatment as Cd stress control（Cd），and seeds of Portulaca oleracea L.were soaked in different liquids.The seed germination potential，germination rate，seedling height，taproot length，fresh weight，as well as the accumulation and transport coefficient of Cd in various parts of the seedlings were measured.The results showed that compared with Cd stress control，the seed germination potential and germination rate of the three composite treatments were significantly increased.Among them，the FG treatment had the largest increase in germination potential and germination rate，with an increases of 19.24% and 25.31%，respectively.The seedling height，taproot length，and fresh weight all significantly increased，among them the FG treatment had the largest increase in seedling height and fresh weight，with increases of 47.95% and 35.91% compared with Cd stress control，respectively.The accumulation and translocation factor of Cd in the roots and shoots of Portulaca oleracea L.seedlings significantly increased.Among them，the accumulation and translocation factor of Cd in the shoots and roots of Portulaca oleracea L.seedlings treated with FG were the highest，2.31，2.94，and 2.33 times of those treated with Cd stress control，respectively.In summary，the combined treatment of phytohormones and EDTA can increase the germination potential and percentage of Portulaca oleracea L.seeds under Cd stress，increase the seedling height，taproot length，fresh weight，and increase the accumulation and translocation factor of Cd.Among them，the combined treatment of GA and EDTA has the best effect.

Insect Population Structure and Occurrence Dynamics of Main Pests in Luoyang City under Forecast Lamp

WANG Shuzhi, WANG Yuhong, ZHANG Ziqi, WANG Lixia, HAN Ruihua, LIU Shuntong, ZHANG Xiangyue, DUAN Aiju

2023, 52(9): 110-121. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.011

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In order to make clear the insect population structure and the occurrence dynamics of major pests under forecast lamp in Luoyang City，Henan Province，from 2018 to 2022，for five consecutive years，the Jiaduo Intelligent Automatic Insect Information Forecasting Light was used to analyze the population structure and main pest occurrence dynamics of the trapped insects.The results showed that 239 793 insects were attracted in five years，belonging to 133 species of 22 families in six orders，and contained 228 637 agricultural pests，belonging to 96 species of 17 families in 4 orders，and 11 156 natural enemies belonging to 37 species，of 5 families in 3 orders， and the proportion of pest and natural enemy was 95.34∶4.66.Lepidoptera was the main pest of crops，accounting for 60.56% of the total number of trapping insects，of which Noctuidae and Pyralidae were the dominant families，Athetis lepigone and Spodoptera exigua were the dominant species，Mythinma separata and Leucania loreyi were the abundant species，and Argyrogramma agnata，Helicoverpa armigera，Agrotis ypsilon，Athetis dissimilis，Pyrausta nubilalis，Dichocrocis punctiferalis，Agrotis segetum，Spodoptera litura and Diarsia canescens were the common species；The next was Coleoptera，which accounted for 33.56% of the total number of trapping insects.Among them，the Rutelidae family was the dominant family，Anomala corpulenta was thedominant species，and Holotrichia parallela and Holotrichia oblita were the common species.The peakperiods of the dominant species and the abundant species were respectively：the A.corpulenta was from late May to mid‑June，A.lepigone was from mid‑June to mid‑September，S.exigua was from mid‑June to late‑September，M.separata was from late May to late August，and L.loreyi was from early June to mid‑October.According to the occurrence dynamics of the dominant species of pests，it is possible to focus on prediction and prevention and control of dominant species at different time.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of RsCHS1 Gene in Red Radish（Raphanus sativus L.)

2023, 52(9): 122-132. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004?3268.2023.09.012

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In order to explore the role of RsCHS1 gene in pigment accumulation of Raphanus sativus L.，the open reading frame（ORF） of RsCHS1 gene was cloned from fleshy root of red radish.The physicochemical properties of RsCHS1 protein were analyzed by bioinformatics.In addition，the expressions of RsCHS1 gene in the leaves，fleshy roots and fleshy root skins of Raphanus sativus L.at vegetative stage，and in the flowers，pod and fleshy roots at flowering stage were analyzed using real‑time quantitative PCR（qRT‑PCR）.What’s more，the function of RsCHS1 gene was verified through the overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana.The results showed that two RsCHS1 genes were cloned.The ORF sequence of RsCHS1‑a gene was 765 bp，which encoded 254 amino acids，while the ORF sequence of RsCHS1‑b gene was 966 bp，which encoded 321 amino acids.Secondary and tertiary structure analysis showed that α‑helix was the main structural element of RsCHS1 protein，while β‑angle，lamellar structure and random curling were distributed throughout the protein.qRT‑PCR analysis illuminated that the expression level of RsCHS1‑a gene in fleshy root（26.8），root bark（32.4）and flower（6.7）were higher than that in leaf（1.0）and fruit（0.4）.The expression level of RsCHS1‑b gene in fleshy root（41.4），root bark（41.9）and flower（9.7）were higher than that in leaf（1.0）and fruit（0.6），indicating that RsCHS1 gene exhibited a tissue specific expression.Through the transformation of RsCHS1 gene into Arabidopsis plants，it was found that the petiole and stem of transgenic plant accumulated a large amount of anthocyanins，indicating that RsCHS1 gene plays a predominant role in the anthocyanin accumulation in red radish.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of ArbHLH148 Gene in Alcea rosea L.

GAO Wen, YAN Gengyang, ZUO Junkai, XU Le, HOU Ruili, JING Qichang, REN Hao

2023, 52(9): 133-140. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.013

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In order to analyze the function of ArbHLH148 gene in stamen petalization，ArbHLH148 gene was cloned by RT‑PCR from red double‑petaled hollyhock flowers combined with transcriptome data，and its sequence characteristics and expression characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that the full length of cDNA sequence of ArbHLH148 was 672 bp，which was 80% consistent with the bHLH148 transcription factor gene of Gossypium arboretum（E value=1e-119）. The ArbHLH148 had the closest evolutionary relationship with AtbHLH147，AtbHLH148，AtbHLH149 and AtbHLH150 by phylogenetic analysis，and also had a typical basic helix‑loop‑helix（bHLH）conservative domain. The ArbHLH148 protein sequence prediction showed that the protein was a hydrophilic protein located within the nucleus and a non‑secreted protein without a transmembrane domain. Tissue‑specific expression analysis showed that ArbHLH148 and its functionally related genes ArIAA1，ArARF8 and ArTIR1 were expressed in sepals，petals，stamens and petaloid stamens，but its expression was higher relatively in stamens，and decreased sequentially in petals and petaloid stamens，which was similar to the expression pattern of auxin signal‑related genes ArIAA1，ArARF8 and ArTIR1 and auxin content changes in stamens，petals and petaloid stamens.These results suggest that differential expression of ArbHLH148 gene and auxin signal‑related genes may be responsible for stamen petalization.

Prokaryotic Expression and Anti‑PRRSV Activity Study of Porcine IFN‑α8

FANG Jianyu, ZHANG Qingxian, LANG Limin, XU Bin, WANG Gaili, XI Yanyan, FENG Xianming, WANG Keling, LI Shaoyu

2023, 52(9): 141-147. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004?3268.2023.09.014

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The aim of this study is to determine the antiviral activity of porcine interferon α8（poIFN‑α8）against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV）.The poIFN‑α8 gene was analyzed and synthesized，then was further cloned into the pCSMH plasmid to construct E.coli expression vector pCSMH‑IFN‑α8.The pCSMH‑IFN‑α8 was transformed into E.coli DH5α and recombinant poIFN‑α8 protein was expressed with temperature change.The recombinant protein was purified using affinity chromatography，and identified by Western blot assay.The antiviral activity of recombinant poIFN‑α8 was tested in PAM cells. And the expression of interferon stimulating genes（ISGs）induced by recombinant poIFN‑α8 protein was further detected in this experiment.The result demonstrated that inclusion expression of poIFN‑α8 protein in E.coli DH5α was achieved after the induction with temperature change，and the recombinant poIFN‑α8 could react with porcine interferon polyclonal antibody. 0. 05 ng/mL of poIFN‑α8 protein could significantly inhibit the PRRSV replication，and the antiviral effect of poIFN‑α8 was superior to porcine IFN‑α2（poIFN‑α2），porcine IFN‑α5（poIFN‑α5）.Moreover，recombinant poIFN‑α8 protein could effectively induce the expression of ISGs.To sum up，the poIFN‑α8 expressed with E.coli DH5α could significantly inhibit the PRRSV replication and activate the ISGs expression in PAM.

Generation of Eye Malformation Mouse Model of Abnormal Splicing of Jag1 mRNA by ENU Inducement

XU Jia, WEI Wan’e, WU Qiuyi, SHI Xiaochun, WANG Shuo, CHEN Bing

2023, 52(9): 148-155. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004?3268.2023.09.015

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In order to create an N‑ethyl‑N‑nitrosourea（ENU）‑induced eye disease mouse model，C57BL/6J male mice were injected intraperitoneally with ENU，HE and immunohistochemical staining analysis of eye sections were conducted for eye malformed mouse，and linkage and sequence analysis were conducted to determine the mutant gene.HE staining analysis showed vacuoles in the surface of the corneal epithelial cells，collagen fibrils were loose in the corneal stromal layer and some endothelial cells were absent in mutant corneas. Immunohistochemistry showed abnormal corneal epithelium differentiation in mutant corneas. The mutation was mapped to mouse chromosome 2 between markers D2Mit107 and D2Mit423，which were located at 65.13 and 73.57 cM，respectively.The Jag1 gene was finally selected as a candidate gene for this mutation.Automated sequencing revealed that the AG base at 3′ end of the intron 24 in the Jag1 gene on one chromosome of the mutant heterozygous mouse was replaced by the GG base，resulting in the deletion of 7 bases in the exon 25.Translation of the mutant allele would produce frameshift and truncated protein.The results showed that the Jag1 gene mutation was associated with the eye malformation phenotype.

Target Detection of Pasture Weeds Based on Improved DINO

ZHONG Bin, YANG Jun, LIU Yi, REN Jintao

2023, 52(9): 156-163. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.016

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Aiming at the deficiency of low accuracy of traditional weed identification methods for weeds with similar characteristics to forage，an improved DINO detection network for weed detection in pastures was proposed.The CBAM‑G attention mechanism module combining spatial attention and channel attention was added to the backbone network ResNet of the end‑to‑end model DINO to enhance the extraction of effective features and precise positional information，and reduce the interference of invalid information；By increasing the network depth，the backbone network could extract deeper target features；The original feature fusion module in the backbone network was replaced with the lightweight SFPN module；Finally，in order to improve the stability and detection performance of the feature extraction network and Transformer，Gaussian error linear unit was added to the model feature extraction network.The experiment showed that the AP₅₀ of the algorithm on the pasture weed data set reached 95.89%，AP₇₅reached 89.23%. Compared to the original model，it can better utilize multi‑scale feature information and improve recognition accuracy.

Effect of Semi‑underground Ventilation Storage Combined with Cold Storage on the Quality of Suli Pear

ZHANG Sipu, YANG Rui, CUI Wei, ZHANG Ke, YIN Xien, GUO Chaofeng, XIE Yuanming, NIU Jiajia

2023, 52(9): 164-172. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004?3268.2023.09.017

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In order to improve the commerciality of Suli pear fruit，Jindingxiehua Suli pear was used as the material to study the effects of different semi‑underground ventilation storage time treatments combined with cold storage on its fruit quality during storage.The results showed that pear fruits stored in a ventilated warehouse could quickly turn yellow form green，and low temperature could effectively inhibit chlorophyll degradation.The combination of semi‑underground ventilation and cold storage could effectively improve the color of stored pear and promote the fruit peel to turn yellow from green.20 days of semi‑underground ventilation storage treatment could maintain fruit hardness，maintain high soluble solids（TSS）content，catalase（CAT）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activities，and inhibit the increase of polyphenol oxidase（PPO）activity. After being stored in a semi‑underground ventilated warehouse for 20 days，pears were transferred to a cold storage for 200 days，and the fruit quality and various physiological indicators showed good performance. The peel of the pears turned yellow，the decay rate（3.3%）was the lowest，the fruit smoothness L^*value（78.5）was the highest，the TSS content（11.8%），hardness（3.88 kg/cm²），titrableacid（TA） content（0.098%），and carotenoid content（29.01 μg/g），SOD activity［354.48 U（/min·g）］，and CAT activity［12.97 U（/min·g）］were lower than those of direct cold storage（CK），but the difference was not significant. PPO activity［1 621.06 U（/ min·g）］was higher than CK and the difference was significant.The chlorophyll content in the fruit peel was significantly lower than CK.In summary，after 20 days of storage in a semi‑underground ventilated warehouse，pears should be transferred to a cold storage for medium to long‑term storage，which could meet consumer needs and maintain fruit quality comparable to cold storage.The operation was simple and convenient for application，and it could be promoted in pear producing areas.

Application of Polyphenol Oxidase‑Producing Strains in Improving the Quality of Cigar Tobacco Leaves

PAN Yong, WU Qiaoyin, LI Linlin, SHI Youzhi, TAN Zaiyu, ZHANG Juan, WANG Jian

2023, 52(9): 173-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004?3268.2023.09.018

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In order to better coordinate the content of polyphenols in cigar tobacco leaves（CTLs）and improve the sensory quality of CTLs，polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains were obtained by specific screening of the degradation ability of chlorogenic acid，and they were applied to the fermentation of CTLs.With the determination of volatiles and sensory quality analysis of fermented CTLs，the mechanism of improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves by polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains was studied.The results showed that three strains（C1，C2 and C3） could degrade chlorogenic acid，and the enzyme
activities of three strains produced polyphenol oxidase were 116.67，41.67 and 141.67 U/mL，respectively.The application of polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains to cigar fermentation could enrich the aroma type of CTLs，reduce miscellaneous gas，improve the sensory quality and improve the industrial availability of CTLs，among which the aroma quality，aroma amount，miscellaneous gas and permeability of CTLs inoculated with strain C2 were the most obviously improved. The content of Maillard reaction products such as 2，6‑dimethyl‑pyrazine and 2，5‑dimethyl‑pyrazine，fatty acid degradation products such as ethyl nonanoate and 3‑methylvaleric acid and aromatic amino acid degradation products such as benzyl alcohol，benzaldehyde and ethyl phenylacetate increased in fermented CTLs.The degradation of polyphenols could increase the precursors of Maillard reaction and aromatic amino acids degradation products，and promote the transformation of Maillard reaction products and aromatic amino acid degradation products.At the same time，the oxidative degradation of polyphenols reduced the inhibition of microbial metabolism and growth，which led to the accumulation of ethyl acetate in fermented CTLs.In summary，polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains could increase the contents of Maillard reaction products and aromatic amino acid degradation products and improve the sensory quality of cigar tobacco leaves.

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