Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Research Progress on Iron Element in Rice

CHENG Jinping, LIU Xiaogang, YU Xueran, XUE Xinyue, MA Jiaxin, LUO Chengke, TIAN Lei, YANG Shuqin, MA Tianli, LI Peifu

2021, 50(6): 1-8. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.001

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Iron is an essential trace element in the growth and development of organisms.The iron required for rice is mainly absorbed from soil,and plays important roles in rice height,thousand-grain weight,quality and so on. The content of iron in soil in China,genetic difference of iron content in rice,correlation between iron content in rice and agronomic traits of rice,quantitative trait locus(QTL) and genes related with iron content in rice,absorption and transportation mechanism of iron element in rice
were reviewed,providing a theoretical basis for iron-rich rice breeding.

Application Progress of VIGS Technology in the Research of Pepper Gene Function

LI Jie, LUO Jianghong, WAN Zilong, YANG Ping

2021, 50(6): 9-15. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.002

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Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology,as a means of reverse genetics of plant gene function study,has been widely used in the field of plant functional genomics. VIGS technology is simple,efficient and high-throughput,which is expected to improve the slow state of research on the gene function of pepper,and provide new ideas for the research on gene function and variety improvement of pepper.This paper reviewed the application of VIGS as vector tool in studying gene function related with matter synthesis and accumulation regulation in growth and development,secondary metabolites insect-resistant defense,biotic stress and abiotic stress prevention in pepper. Furtherly,we prospected the development foreground using VIGS technique to explore gene function in pepper.

Identification of Salt Tolerance Co-expression Modules and Hub Genes in Ipomoea batatas by WGCNA

ZHANG Yi, WU Wanyi, LIU Xiayu, ZHANG Jie, TANG Ruimin, JIA Xiaoyun

2021, 50(6): 16-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.003

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To explore the salt tolerance genes in Ipomoea batatas,we selected the top 50%(32 147)genes with large expression variation among different samples using transcriptome data of sweet potato roots at different time under salt stress,and conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).The results showed that 20 co-expressed modules were constructed,among which six gene modules were significantly associated with salt stress in sweet potato.Among the six gene modules related to salt stress,Green module and Red module were positively correlated with the salt stress at 48 h,Black and Yellow modules were positively correlated with the salt stress at 12 h,and Midnightblue and Magenta modules were negatively correlated with the salt stress at 48 h.Four specific modules which were positively correlated with salt stress were further analyzed.GO enrichment analysis showed that the four modules were significantly enriched in many items related to salt tolerance,such as transmembrane transport,cell response stimulated by salicylic acid,response to abiotic stimuli and response to hypertonic stress.By calculating the module relationships of genes within the module,bHLH115(basic helix-loop-helix 115), HAK5(high affinity K⁺transporter 5), NAGS2 (N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthase 2), DUF699 (GNAT acetyltransferase),TLP5(tubby like protein 5)and other genes were found to be the hub genes of these four modules,and the functional prediction suggested that these genes might play important roles in the resistance against stress.Through constructing interaction networks of hub genes,we found that FAR1(farred-impaired response 1),NAC[NAM(no apical meristem),ATAF1(Arabidopsis transcription activation factor 1),ATAF2,CUC2(cup-shaped cotyledon 2)] family gene NAC2,HsfB2a(heat shock transcription factor B2a) and other genes had high interaction with hub genes. This study provides a new idea for further study on the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in sweet potato.

Effect of Co-cultivation Mode of Breeding Goose in Cornfield on Growth,Nutrient Accumulation and Yield of Corn

LIU Shuang, WANG Yanyu, YANG Huanmin, WANG Peng, YIN Kuide, ZHANG Xingmei

2021, 50(6): 28-36. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.004

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The experiment was carried out in the cornfield in the seventh(2018) and eighth (2019)year of geese cultivation,and the effects of the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield on the dry aboveground weight,nutrient accumulation and yield of corn at different growth stages were studied,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for better popularization and application of this mode in cornfield.The results showed that the dry weight and total N,P,K accumulation of stems,leaves and grains of corn of the co-cultivation mode were significantly increased compared with conventional corn cultivation mode.Compared with conventional corn cultivation mode, the total N, P, K accumulation of grain of the co-cultivation mode increased by 34.77%—41.95%, 32.30%—46.66%, 34.69%—42.26% respectively.In 2018 and 2019,the corn yield of the co-cultivation mode increased by 19.15% and 22.32%,respectively.In conclusion,the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield could promote the accumulation of dry matter and nutrient of aboveground part,and increase corn yield.

Effects of Spraying Strigolactone on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Capacity and Yield of Wheat under Drought Condition

FANG Baoting, LI Xiangdong, WANG Hanfang, YUE Junqin, SHAO Yunhui, ZHANG Deqi, YANG Cheng, QIN Feng

2021, 50(6): 37-43. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.005

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In order to provide theoretical and technical support for wheat production management under drought condition,the strigolactone analog GR24 was sprayed on the leaf of wheat at the early flowering stage,and the effects of spraying strigolactone on photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant capacity and yield of wheat under drought condition were studied. The results showed that,under drought condition,spraying GR24 could generally improve the flag leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂concentration,superoxide dismutase activity,catalase activity and soluble protein content,decrease stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,malondialdehyde content and abscisic acid content,and increase the thousandgrain weight and yield with the increase rate of 5.7%—7.4%.

Effects of Soymilk and Potassium Root Irrigation on Soil Properties and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

LI Yafei, ZHANG Xiang, CHANG Dong, LI Liang , CHENG Peijun, SI Xianzong, SUO Yanyan, QIU Lingjun, MAO Jiawei

2021, 50(6): 44-53. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.006

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By applying soybean milk after fermentation and potassium root irrigation in tobacco soil,two potassium fertilizers were used to screen out best treatment, to supply theoretical basis for soymilk root irrigation in tobacco cultivation.With soybean milk after fermentation and potassium fertilizers (KNO₃and potassium fulvate) application in transplanting period and resettling stage at places of Lushi and Luoning, effects were studied on soil properties, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that soymilk and potassium root irrigation in transplanting period and resettling stage could significantly increase soil properties,activity of microbes,dry matter accumulation in plant,contents of total nitrogen, nicotine,reducing sugar and potassium in leaf,yield and value,and effects of treatment T3( soybean milk after fermentation and KNO3 application in resettling stage)were best. At the place of Lushi,the content of soluble organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen and available K increased by 30.31%,370.18% and 17.60%, respectively,with soymilk and potassium root irrigation application at rosette stage,and bacteria amount, contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen,dry matter accumulation in plant, K content,yield,value and super tobacco rate increased by 47.42%,26.91%,28.07%,37.72%,33.55%, 15.99%,20.78% and 14.11%,respectively.At the place of Luoning,after soymilk and potassium root irrigation application at rosette stage,contents of soluble organic carbon,ammonium nitrogen,available K, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 25.45%, 40.76%, 10.92%,139.27% and 25.88%,respectively;Dry matter accumulation in plant,K content,yield,value and super tobacco rate of flue-cured tobacco increased by 46.83%, 36.43%, 24.07%, 37.22% and 28.77%,respectively.By analysis of correlation, the relationships of dry matter accumulation in leaf, tobacco chemical constituents and activity and amount of soil microbes, soil nutrient were very close.Above all,the method of soymilk and potassium root irrigation at rosette stage was effective and suitable for west Henan tobacco area.

Effects of MeJA on Photosynthesis and Secondary Metabolism of Forsythia suspensa Leaves

TAO Juan, SONG Xiaofeng, ZHOU Yuanyuan

2021, 50(6): 54-60. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.007

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In order to improve the quality and yield of F.suspensa,the F.suspensa leaves were sprayed with 1,0.1, and 0.01 mmol/L MeJA.Taking the spraying water treatment as a control, the effects of spraying different concentrations of MeJA on the photosynthetic characteristics,SPAD value,PAL activity and the content of secondary metabolites such as total flavonoids, forsythin, and forsythoside A of F.suspensa leaves were studied.The results showed that, different concentrations of MeJA and different treatment time had different effects on the Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci of F.suspensa leaves.For a certain period, MeJA showed inhibition of high concentration and promotion of low concentration on Gs and Tr.The SPAD value showed a trend of first declining and then rising with the extension of the time after spraying.At 2,6,24,48 and 72 hours 0.01 mmol/L MeJA treatment increased the accumulation of total flavonoids by 18.70%,34.13%,30.16%,40.57%,11.02% compared with the control, respectively.The 0.01 mmol/L MeJA treatment increased forsythin to a certain extent,but it showed an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of forsythoside A.At 2 h and 6 h after spraying MeJA,the PAL activity of each treatment increased compared with the control.At 48 h after spraying, the PAL activity of 1,0.1,0.01 mmol/L MeJA spraying treatments decreased by 15.88%, 12.38% and 12.56% compared with the control, respectively. In summary,the accumulation of secondary metabolites of F.suspensa leaves at 48 h after spraying 0.01 mmol/L MeJA can be significantly increased.

Effects of Biomass Charcoal and Microbial Fertilizer on Improvement of Acidified Yellow Cinnamon Soil and Corn Growth

LÜ Jinling, LI Taikui, KOU Changlin

2021, 50(6): 61-69. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.008

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In order to deal with the existing serious acidification problems in yellow cinnamon soil,and explore appropriate methods,the acidified yellow cinnamon soil was selected as the research object,five kinds of fertilization treatments[ no fertilization(CK),traditional fertilization ( CT),microbial fertilizer addition(WJ),high(T₂₀ ) and low(T₂₀₀) amounts of biochar addition] were chosen to carry out the experiment of soil acid mitigation regulation in corn season.The results showed that,compared with CK treatment,CT treatment showed no significant change in pH,content of soil organic matter(SOM),base ions such as exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable sodium(P>0.05) after
corn harvest,indicating that conventional fertilization is not conducive to the improvement of acidified yellow cinnamon soil.Compared with CK, the soil pH value and SOM content of WJ, T₂₀ and T₂₀₀ treatments increased significantly,in which the pH value reached 4.80,6.45 and 5.92 after corn harvest,and the SOM content reached 14.5,26.5 and 17.3g/kg,respectively.The addition of biochar and microbial fertilizer could significantly alleviate acidification and improve the quality of yellow cinnamon soil.At the same time,comparing the exchangeable ion content of different fertilization treatments,we found that the exchangeable potassium,exchangeable sodium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable
magnesium contents of the soil treated with WJ,T₂₀ and T₂₀₀ were significantly higher than those treated with CT and CK,indicating that the addition of microbial fertilizer and biochar can effectively hold the key base ions in the yellow cinnamon soil.Not only that,comparing the photosynthetic indicators in the key growth period of corn with different treatments,we found that the WJ,T₂₀and T₂₀₀ treatments had higher leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate(Tr) in big trumpet stage and higher Pn,Gs ,Tr in grain filling stage than those of CK and CT treatments,indicating that the addition of microbial fertilizer and biochar not only improved the acidification of yellow cinnamon soil, but also improved various physiological indicators of corn.In addition, comparing the improvement effects of different biochar addition amounts, we found that significantly higher Pn,Gs,Ci,Tr,soil pH value,above-ground dry mass and root dry mass of maize existed in T₂₀ treatment than that of T₂₀₀ treatment,indicating that increasing the amount of biochar may be more beneficial to the alleviation of yellow cinnamon soil acidification.All in all,adding biochar and microbial fertilizer is an effective means to improve acidified yellow cinnamon soil,and increasing the
amount of biochar can further improve the improvement effect.

Aggregate Composition,Stability and Nutrient Distribution Characteristics in Yellow Clayey Paddy Soil under Long-Term Different Fertilization Measures

GAO Qiang, MI Wenhai, XIA Siqi, LIU Mingyue, MAO Wei, JU Jing, ZHAO Haitao

2021, 50(6): 70-81. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.009

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In order to find a suitable fertilization mode for low-fertility paddy soil, single application of chemical fertilizer ( NPK) was used as control, and the effects of long-term ( 8 years) different fertilization measures[chemical fertilizer combined with straw added straw fast-rot fungus (NPK+RS), controlled-release BB fertilizer combined with cow manure ( BBF+CM)] on aggregate composition,stability and nutrient distribution characteristics in yellow clayey paddy soil were studied.The results showed that compared with the soil nutrient conditions at the beginning of the experiment, the three fertilization treatments generally increased the soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in the cultivated layer,the most obvious effect was observed in the BBF +CM treatment,soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents significantly increased by 41%,49% and 55% respectively. Compared with NPK treatment, NPK+RS and BBF+CM treatments increased the proportion of aggregates>2.00 mm in particle size and mean weight diameter( MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GMD),the improvement of BBF+CM treatment was slightly higher than that of NPK+RS treatment.In the three fertilization treatments, the rice rhizosphere soil aggregates MWD and GMD gradually increased with the progress of the rice growth period,while the non-rhizosphere soil aggregates MWD and GMD were generally the largest at the rice tillering stage and the smallest at the rice jointing stage.At the rice tillering stage, the non-rhizosphere soil aggregates MWD and GMD of the three fertilization treatments were larger than the rhizosphere soil;at the rice jointing stage and mature stage,the results were reversed. The results of variance analysis showed that rice sampling time, fertilization treatment and their interactions were the main factors affecting the stability of aggregates in yellow clayey paddy soil. The correlation analysis results showed that the stability of soil aggregates had significantly positive correlation with the content of soil organic matter,and significantly negative correlation with the content of available potassium. There were differences in the nutrient distribution of aggregates with different particle sizes. The organic matter and total nitrogen contents of>2.00 mm aggregates were higher,while the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium of<0.25 mm and 0.25—2.00 mm aggregates were higher. Compared with NPK treatment,NPK+RS and BBF+CM treatments could significantly increase the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of different sizes of aggregates.The organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of different sizes of aggregates of NPK+RS treatment increased by 19%—23%,19%—29%, 26%—49% and 131%—157% respectively, and those of BBF+CM treatment increased by 23%—34%, 28%—81%, 47%—178% and 17%—41% respectively.In summary, both BBF+CM and NPK+RS fertilization modes could increase soil nutrient content,and improve soil structure in yellow clayey paddy. Among them,BBF+CM mode showed a larger positive effect,and could be used as an effective measure to improve soil productivity in low-yield yellow clayey paddy soil.

Effects of Nitrogen Reducing and Density Increasing on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Nutrient Distribution in Soil Profile

XUE Jinyuan, XU Fangfang, WANG Juanjuan, YANG Jianchang, WANG Guiliang, QIAN Xiaoqing

2021, 50(6): 82-90. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.010

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In order to evaluate the effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing density on rice yield,nitrogen uptake by plant, nitrogen recovery efficiency and nutrient distribution in soil profile, a field experiment was conducted with Wuyunjing 24 as the experimental material. Four cultivation patterns were adopted,zero nitrogen (CK),conventional nitrogen application (N),nitrogen reducing treatment (JN:reducing nitrogen application by 10%),and nitrogen reducing and density increasing treatment ( ZM:reducing nitrogen application by 10% and increasing density by 20%).The results showed that,the grain yield of ZM treatment was 10.2 t/ha, compared with CK, N, JN treatments, the grain yield of ZM increased by 75.9%,6.3%,7.4%,and the nitrogen uptake by plant of ZM increased by 156.2%,3.8%,6.9% respectively.Compared with JN and N treatments,the nitrogen recovery efficiency of ZM increased by 11.9%,18.3%.With regards to soil nutrient content in 0—20 cm soil layer under different cultivation patterns,compared with N treatment,the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content and total nitrogen content of ZM treatment decreased by 5.8%, 3.8%, 1.2% respectively, and the contents of organic matter and available potassium were increased by 11.0%,10.9% respectively.The content of soil available nitrogen content in ZM treatment was lower than that in N treatment.In terms of the average content of nutrient in 0—100 cm soil layer,compared with JN and N treatments,soil organic matter in ZM treatment increased by 14.3%,9.1%,while the available phosphorus in ZM treatment decreased by 4.2%,1.9% respectively.The total nitrogen content of ZM treatment was 20.0% higher than that of JN,while the contents of other available nutrients were lower.Collectively,the comparison of four cultivation patterns demonstrated that,properly increasing plant density and decreasing N application could be a good approach for the trade-off between rice yield and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer,which provides valuable reference for studying environmental friendly cultivation technology of reducing nitrogen without yield reduction.

Screening of Antagonistic Fungi against Soil-borne Diseases of Siraitia grosvenorii and the Antifungal Activity of Their Fermentation Products#br#

ZHANG Ze, DENG Yecheng, CHEN Gan, WANG Ruihao, ZHANG Yanling, DENG Zhiyong, LAN Fusheng, GUO Lixia, ZHANG Chuanmei, LIANG Baoming, LUO Haiyu, ZHANG Mingliang

2021, 50(6): 91-98. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.011

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The coating plate method and plate confrontation method were used to isolate and screen the antagonistic fungi against soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii) from the rhizosphere soil of healthy Siraitia grosvenorii.The antagonistic fungi were identified according to their morphological and molecular biology characteristics. Mycelium growth rate method was employed to evaluate the antifungal activity of metabolites from antagonistic fungi.The purpose is to provide a scientific basis for the green control of soil-borne diseases of Siraitia grosvenorii.The results showed that a total of 25 fungi were isolated and 4 antagonistic fungi were screened out.The inhibitory rates of the four antagonistic fungi against Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were 42.01%—63.56% and 59.81%—74.17%, respectively.The four antagonistic fungi were identified by morphological observation and molecular biology technique as Trichoderma asperellum,Aspergillus aculeatus,Talaromyces angelicus and Penicillium janthinellum, respectively.Under liquid fermentation conditions, the ethyl acetate extracts from Trichoderma asperellum,Aspergillus aculeatus and Talaromyces angelicus metabolites showed obvious antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani,with EC₅₀ values of 1.290 1,2.637 0,3.646 9 mg/ mL,respectively.The ethyl acetate extracts from the fermentation products of Aspergillus aculeatus,Talaromyces angelicus and Penicillium janthinellum showed good antimicrobial activity against Sclerotium rolfsii with EC₅₀ values of 1.740 4,3.925 1,0.636 2 mg/mL,respectively.Under the conditions of solid rice fermentation, the fermentation product of Trichoderma asperellum had good antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii,with EC₅₀ values of 2.339 4 mg/ mL and 1.941 8 mg/ mL.It is suggested that the 4 antagonistic fungi have potential application value for the control of soil-borne diseases of Siraitia grosvenorii.

Control Efficiency on the Broad-leaved Weeds and Safety of Self-propelled Sprayer with Different Application Parameters in Wheat Fields

SU Wangcang, ZHANG Yuju, LI Huilong, LEI Haixia, XU Hongle, SUN Lanlan, WU Renhai

2021, 50(6): 99-108. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.012

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In order to clarify the control effect on broadleaf weeds and safety during the application process of self-propelled sprayers with different nozzle models (No.1.5,No.2),different pressures (0.2 MPa,0.4 MPa) and heights (30 cm,60 cm) in wheat fields,the spraying effects of the self-propelled sprayer under different application factors (10% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder +20% fluroxypyr EC+40% carfentrazone-ethyl dry suspending agent) were measured through field experiments.The results showed that spraying with a self-propelled sprayer at a distance of 30 cm from the target weeds after 7 days caused certain phytotoxicity. After 14 days,the phytotoxicity basically recovered.After 21 days and 42 days,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of weeds under different treatments were investigated. When using No.1.5 or No.2 nozzle,with 0.4 MPa pressure,spraying at a distance of 60 cm from the target weeds,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached more than 95%.In general,the weed control effect of No.2 nozzle,0.4 MPa pressure and 60 cm height was better than other treatment groups,it was safe for wheat and could significantly increase yield,and the control effect of low-dose after 42 days treatment on weeds reached more than 98%.It can be seen that selfpropelled sprayer is safe for wheat and has good weed control effect under the best application parameters.

Effects of Sink-Source Relationship on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Quality of Beimei Grape

SONG Shen, SHAN Shouming, LI Qian, LIU Sifan

2021, 50(6): 109-115. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.013

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In order to explore the effect of sink-source relationship on anthocyanin accumulation and quality of Beimei grape,the ratio of leaf number to ear number of fruiting branches was adjusted before veraison as 18 leaves/ panicle(CK),10 leaves/panicle(T1),14 leaves/ panicle(T2),22 leaves/ panicle(T3) and 26 leaves/ panicle (T4),and the anthocyanin content in grape peel and fruit quality were determined.The results showed that compared with CK, increasing the ratio of leaf to fruit could significantly increase the contents of total soluble sugar and total phenol,decrease the contents of titratable acid and tannin,and increase the contents of total anthocyanins and five kinds of anthocyanins in grape peel.When the fruit was harvested,the total anthocyanin content in the pericarp treated with T3 and T4 was significantly increased compared with that of CK by 12.7% and 15.1%,respectively.Compared with CK, the contents of petunidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside,peonidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside in pericarp treated with T3 increased significantly by 22.6%,20.4%,59.4%,28.7% and 4.1%,respectively,and the contents of five anthocyanin monomers in pericarp treated with T4 increased significantly by 21.9%,9.3%,23.2%,16.5% and 14.4%,respectively. The principal component analysis of the fruit quality of Beimei grape showed that the first principal component contained the contents of peonidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, total soluble sugar,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,the second principal component contained the contents of titratable acid and petunidin-3-O-glucoside.The comprehensive score of fruit quality of Beimei grape with different leaf-fruit ratio treatment was the highest in T3 treatment,followed by T4 treatment,and the lowest in T1 treatment.Therefore,in order to ensure the grape yield,it is suggested that the leaf-fruit ratio of grape
plant should be adjusted to 22 leaves/panicle,so as to improve the anthocyanin content in the pericarp and fruit quality of Beimei grape.

Effects of Different Agricultural Waste Compound Substrates on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Watermelon

WANG Baoping, ZHOU Jing, SHI Xiangyuan, LI Xinxin, WANG Xiuhong, DU Huiping

2021, 50(6): 116-124. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.014

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In order to explore the effects of different agricultural waste compound substrates and their utilization times on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of watermelon, two formulated substrates were prepared by utilizing corn straw compost,Pleurotus eryngii residue compost,peat,perlite and vermiculite according to different volume ratios:T1 (V_{corn straw compost}∶V_{Pleurotus eryngii} _{residue compost}∶V_peat∶V_perlite∶V_vermiculite=3∶1∶2∶3∶1),T2 (V_{corn straw compost}∶V_{Pleurotus eryngii residue compost}∶V_peat∶V_perlite∶V_vermiculite=3∶0∶3∶3∶1),with T3 (V_peat∶V_perlite∶ V_vermiculite= 6∶3∶1) as CK.For two consecutive years, their effects on the photosynthetic characteristics,products and quality of watermelon plants were determined and analyzed,and the substrate formula suitable for the growth of watermelon and its optimal utilization times were screened.The results showed that the bulk density,pH value and EC value of compound substrates were increased,and the total porosity and water-holding porosity were reduced when part of peat was replaced with agricultural waste.The pH value and EC value of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than CK,while the total porosity and water-holding porosity of T1 were significantly lower than T2 and CK(P<0.01).The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of T2 treatment was significantly higher than T1 treatment (P<0.01),and was significantly higher than CK (P<0.05).The transpiration rate (Tr) of T1 and T2 treatments were decreased significantly compared with CK (P<0.05) when the substrates were used once.The change trends of Tr in T1 and T2 treatments were inconsistent,but there was no significant difference with CK when the substrates were used twice. Stomatal conductance (Gs) of T1 treatments was lower than CK. Tr and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) of watermelon plants were extremely significantly affected by the substrate utilization times (P<0.01).Different compound substrates of agricultural wastes could increase the singlemelon weight and yield of watermelon,and T2 treatment was significantly higher than T1 treatment (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between T1 treatment and CK.The longitudinal diameter,central soluble solid content,marginal soluble solid content,soluble sugar,vitamin C and nitrate content of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than CK(P<0.05),and the contents of soluble protein and organic acid were lower than CK when the substrates were used once. The fruit morphology and nutrient content of watermelon with different treatments had different changes,and the effects of T1 treatment were better than T2 treatment when the substrates were used twice. Except the pericarp thickness,the fruit morphology and nutrient content of watermelon were significantly affected by utilization times of different agricultural waste compound substrates(P<0.01).For the same substrate,Pn,Tr,Ci,single fruit weight and yield of watermelon when the substrate was used once were better than twice.By comprehensive evaluation of watermelon indicators,T2 treatment used once was better.

Isolation and VP6 Gene Sequence Analysis of Porcine Group A Rotavirus HN2019-01 Strain

HUANG Zhengyang, CHEN Yujing, HUANG Ke, LENG Chaoliang, LIU Yangkun, YAO Lunguang, LI Na

2021, 50(6): 125-133. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.015

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To investigate the prevalence and molecular genetic characteristics of porcine rotaviruses(RV) in Henan,the positive diarrheal stool samples of RV from a pig farm were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).A novel strain of RV,RVA/ Pig-wt/ HN2019-01,was isolated and passaged by MA-104 cells.VP6 gene amplification and bioinformatics analysis were performed to further characterize the RV isolated strain at the molecular level.As the result of VP6 gene amplification and sequence analysis,the RVA/ Pig-wt/ HN2019-01 showed the highest nucleotide identity with the previously reported porcine RV SWU-1C strain,which both were clustered to the I5 subgroup.The VP6 protein composed of 397 amino acids in length,possessing 4 N-glycosylation and 18 potential phosphorylation sites. Secondary structure of VP6 protein was found to be mainly alpha helix-based,and the spatial structure was highly similar to the VP6 of bovine rotavirus RF strain.Two cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes regions of rotavirus VP6 were conserved among different strains.

Isolation,Identification and Genetic Characterization of Goose Astrovirus Isolate XX

JIN Qianyue, GUO Yonggang, LI Junpeng, QIN Baoliang, WANG Yinbiao, GUO Zhenhua, WANG Li, XING Guangxu, DENG Ruiguang, ZHANG Gaiping

2021, 50(6): 134-141. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.016

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In order to study the genomic characteristics of goose astrovirus (GAstV) causing gosling gout in Henan Province,a strain of GAstV was isolated from goose samples with gout,named XX strain,and analysis of whole genome sequence and genetic characteristics of the virus was performed.The results showed that GAstV XX strain could be stably passaged on LMH cells without obvious cytopathic effect.The full length of the genome of the GAstV XX strain was 7 252 bp, and the nucleotide sequence homology was 98.1%,98.7% and 98.7% compared with GD,AstV/SDPY/Goose/1116/17 and AAstV/Goose/CHN/2017/ SD01,respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GAstV XX strain was in the same evolutionary branch as GD, AstV/ SDPY/ Goose/ 1116/ 17 and AAstV/ Goose/ CHN/ 2017/ SD01, belonging to group 1 of avian astrovirus.The amino acid sequence analysis of ORF2 encoded protein showed that there were multiple amino acid mutations in the isolated GAstV XX strain compared with the reported epidemic strains.

Association Analysis between Polymorphism of IP3R3 Gene and Eggshell Quality in Cherry Valley Duck

LIAO Chaomei, LI Jiezhang, YOU Minfang, TAN Guanghui, ZHANG Yiyu

2021, 50(6): 142-148. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.017

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In order to explore the effect of inositol trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) gene polymorphism on eggshell quality of laying ducks, Cherry valley duck was used as material in the experiment,45-week-old duck eggs were collected to determine egg weight,egg shape index,eggshell thickness,eggshell strength and eggshell quality,and correlation between five indexes and mutation sites was analyzed.The results showed that two SNP loci were found in IP3R3 gene,respectively g.5539186 T>C mutation in exon 6 and g.5540404 G>A mutation in exon 8.The two SNP loci were synonymous mutations,and there were three genotypes. The two SNP loci were moderately polymorphic and did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05),there was no strong linkage disequilibrium between the two SNP loci,and there were three haplotypes and five diplotypes. The correlation analysis showed that the effect of g. 5539186 T>C locus on eggshell quality was not significant (P>0.05),the eggshell strength of GG and GA genotypes at g. 5540404 G >A locus was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P<0.05), and there was no significant correlation with other eggshell quality.The shell thickness and strength of diplotypes H1H1,H1H3,H2H3 and H3H3 were significantly higher than those of H2H2 (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other eggshell quality indexes(P>0.05).The above results show that the g.5540404 G>A locus has a significant effect on eggshell strength, and combined genotypes of two SNP loci also have a significant effect on eggshell thickness and eggshell strength.g.5539186 T>C and g.5540404 G>A loci can be used as genetic marker loci for duck eggshell quality selection.

Analysis of Fermentation Quality and Nutritional Components of Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and Sorghum Hybrid Sudan Grass in Different Proportions

GUO Hui

2021, 50(6): 149-155. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.018

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In order to explore the changes of sensory,nutritional and fermentation quality of Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass and alfalfa silage in different mixed proportions,three mixed silage treatments(60% Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass+40% alfalfa mixed silage,50% Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass+50% alfalfa mixed silage,40% Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass+60% alfalfa mixed silage) were set,with separate silage of Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass and alfalfa as the control groups,and sensory,nutritional and fermentation qualities were evaluated.The results showed that the sensory quality of 60% Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass+40% alfalfa mixed silage was the best among the three mixed silage treatment groups (the second grade was good).The contents of CP,WSC,NDF,ADF,Ash and EE of Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass+alfalfa mixed silage were between those of Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass and alfalfa single silage.The treatment of 60% Sorghum Hybrid Sudan grass + 40% alfalfa was the best among the three mixed silage treatment groups,with V-Score>80 (grade good) and Kaiser score of 100 (grade 1).Therefore,the mixed silage can not only effectively solve the problems of low success rate to silage of alfalfa and low protein content and high acidity of Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass, but also provide more comprehensive and balanced nutrition.In the mixed silage groups,60% Sorghum hybrid Sudan grass+40% alfalfa mixed silage has the best quality.

Simulation of Intelligent Internet of Things System Based on High-Level Packet Tracer

WANG Yonghong, WANG Shiyao

2021, 50(6): 156-162. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.019

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Intelligent internet of things (IoT) system simulation is beneficial to the design and implementation of IoT systems.This simulation test adopted high-level Packet Tracer virtualization simulation software, and designed a system simulation model with intelligent perception, intelligent transmission and intelligent control functions,as well as a system control model with intelligent judgment,and introduced dynamic environment management.Then,through Python logic programming it realized the process simulation of the intelligent IoT in the perception layer,transmission layer and application layer.The simulation results showed that the IoT system obtained the environmental factors and the status of the execution device every 1 s,which were consistent with the test results of the control terminal equipment.Based on the control model,the IoT system could intelligently or manually control the state of the actuator through the remote terminal and the cloud server,and could adjust the environmental factors in real time.In the simulation,there was a many-to-many relationship in the impact of the execution device on the environmental factors. The simulation test achieved the purpose of the research.

Simulation of Intelligent Internet of Things System Based on High-Level Packet Tracer

ZHANG Yan, LIU Ting, BAO Zhuoya, WANG Laigang, HE Jia, GUO Yan, ZHANG Hongli, YANG Xiuzhong

2021, 50(6): 163-170. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.020

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In order to compare differences between Sentinel-2and GF-6 WFV imagery in crops identification,based on Sentinel-2 and GF-6 WFV remote sensing data,this study used K nearest neighbor and maximum likelihood classification methods to extract peanut planting area in Yulin Township,Xuchang City,and constructed confusion matrix by ground sample points for accuracy verification.The relative errors of the extracted peanut planting area were compared based on the measured data.The results showed that two classification methods were effective in extracting peanut planting area from two data sources and could meet the actual needs. The mapping accuracy was above 85%,the user accuracy was above 80%,and the relative error was within 10%. Peanut planting area was mainly concentrated in the northwest and southeast regions,and there were a few sporadic distributions in the northeast and southwest regions.By comparison,the object-oriented K nearest neighbor method could better avoid pixel mis-segmentation and leakage-segmentation problems in complex terrain area.K nearest neighbor method was superior to traditional pixel-based maximum likelihood classification in terms of overall accuracy,Kappa coefficient,peanut planting area mapping accuracy,user accuracy,and relative error.In terms of different classification methods of the same data source,the classification accuracy of two data sources using K nearest neighbor method was higher than the maximum likelihood classification.It showed that compared to the pixel-based classification method,K nearest neighbor method could make full use of the spectrum and texture feature,and obtain higher extraction accuracy. In terms of the same method and different data sources,the extraction accuracy of the peanut planting area based on Sentinel-2 by the maximum likelihood method was lower than that of GF-6 WFV,and the extraction accuracy of the peanut planting area based on Sentinel-2 by the K neighbor method was higher than that of GF-6 WFV.Because the spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 data is higher than that of GF-6 WFV,and the detail expression is better,it is more suitable to extract small-scale areas with complex planting structures.

Degrading Tobacco Stem Cellulose by HF-09 Strain and Producing Aroma by Resting Cell Fermentation

WU Changwei, GONG Xinguo, ZHENG Lin, ZHANG Bo, JIANG Meihong, LI Xueshan, HUANG Zhiqiang, PU Xingwei, WU Mingmei, LI Xian

2021, 50(6): 171-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.021

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In order to improve the sensory smoking quality of tobacco stem extract, the resting cell microbial fermentation technology was used to study the ability of Bacillus velezensis HF-09 to degrade tobacco stem cellulose into sugar and the characteristics of its directional transformation to produce aroma. The results showed that after 10 days of the solid fermentation of Hongda tobacco stem (C3F),the degradation rates of the cellulose and hemicellulose were 18.98% and 30.32%,respectively,while the total sugar and reducing sugar content increase rates were 20.10% and 21.39%,respectively.After the conventional fermentation and the resting cell fermentation treatment using strain HF-09,the total sugar content increased by 8.61% and 47.18%,and the reducing sugar content increased by 6.11% and 38.80%.Resting cell fermentation could significantly increase the content of myristic acid,pentadecanoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl palmitate of the tobacco stem extract,and the increase rates were 442.64%,248.40%,165.50%,153.64%.The bacterium had the ability to efficiently degrade tobacco stem cellulose into sugar under mild conditions.At the same time, the strain HF-09 resting cell fermentation process had higher conversion efficiency and aroma generation rate, more metabolic specificity, suitable for high-quality tobacco stem extract treatment, and had potential application prospects.

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