Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Contents

2019, 48(11): 0.

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The Novel Progress of the Biology of Porcine Parvovirus

CHEN Yumei, MA Liping, ZHOU Jingming

2019, 48(11): 1-6. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.001

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Porcine parvovirus(PPV) is the most common and important infectious agents causing porcine reproductive failure．All the time，it was thought that PPV had low genetic variance，and its harmful effect on pig industry could be well-controlled by vaccination．However，subsequent studies found that the diver sity of PPV was much greater than previously anticipated． Some of the new highly virulent，which can’tbe neutralized effectively by antisera raised agains told classical PPV vaccine strains，were isolated．The pur pose of this review is to summarize the recent results of PPV research，update the present understanding of PPV biology，and reveal the potential risks of new PPV strains and their harm to pig industry under the pressure of selection，which will provide reference for formulating effective prevention and control strate gies of PPV．

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis under Fusarium graminearum Stress of Chitinase Gene Family in Triticum aestivum L．

XU Wu, LIU Jianfeng, ZHANG Ge, XU Wen, YUAN Zuli

2019, 48(11): 7-17. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.002

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The members of wheat chitinase gene family were identified,and their gene structure,conserved motif,chromosome distribution,systematic evolution and expression level under Fusarium graminearum stress were analyzed,so as to lay a foundation for further study of chitinase genes function under various biotic stres ses and molecular breeding for disease resistance in wheat. The results showed that a total of 159 chitinase genes were identified，which were distributed on 21 chromosomes in wheat genome,and divided into two sub families,GH-18 and GH-19.The GH-18 subfamily consisted of Ⅲ and Ⅴ classes,which contained 34 and 48 genes,respectively.GH-19 subfamily was composed ofⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ classes,which contained 52,13 and 12 genes,respectively.Members of the same subfamily were clustered on the same branch,and had similar exon intron gene structures and conserved motifs.The expression levels of some chitinase genes were up-regulated after Fusarium graminearum inoculation in four wheat genotypes．

HMW-GS Composition Analysis of Wheat Varieties(Lines) in Huanghuai Ｒegion Based on SDS-PAGE and Fluorescence Markers

JIA Linlin, WANG Yongxia, JIN Xiaojie

2019, 48(11): 18-26. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.003

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The high molecular weight glutenin subunit(HMW-GS) composition of wheat varieties(lines) from Huanghuai region was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence markers,so as to provide theoretical basis for quality improvement of wheat in Huanghuai region.The results of SDS-PAGE showed that in all 91 wheat varieties (lines) ，a total of 14 types of HMW-GS were detected,including three[Null (37.36%) ,2^* (3.30%) ,1 (59.34%)]at Glu-A1,five[7 (12.09%),7 +8 (52.75%) ,7+9 (25.27%) ， 13 +16 (7.69%),14 +15 (2.20%)]at Glu-B1 and six[2+12 (46.15%),3+12 (13.19%),4+12 (8.79%),5+10 (29.67%),10 (1.10%) and 12 (1.10%)]at Glu-D1; the main combination types were 1/7+8/5+10(14.29%),1/7+8/2 +12(12.09%),Null/7 +8/2 +12 (12.09%) .The results of fluorescence marker showed that there were 3,42,27,28,63 materials containing Ax2^*,Dx2,Dx5,Dy10 and Dy12,respectively,which was consistent with SDS-PAGE result.The quality score ranged from 5.5 to 11.0 with an average of 7.78,and the scores of Null/13+16/5+10 and 1/13 +16 /2+12 were higher,which were equal or greater than 10.0.The results of cluster analysis showed that 91 wheat varieties(lines) were divided into four classes，and class Ⅲ had the most of the strong gluten materials.

Seed Morphological Characters and Nutritional Quality of Wild Oats from Israel and Their Correlation with Ecogeographic Factors of Origin Area

TAN Xiuying, YAN Jun, FAN Yu, XU Xinran, WANG Jiajun, LAI Dili, HE Feng, CHENG Xiaobin, RUAN Jingjun, CHENG Jianping

2019, 48(11): 27-33. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.004

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In order to explore the effects of ecogeographic factors on the seed morphological characters and nutritional quality of wild oat,60 ecotypes of 6 wild oat groups from different regions of Israel were used as materials,the 1 000-grain weight,area,circumference,length/width,length,width,diameter,roundness and contents of total flavonoids,phytic acid,total phenol,inorganic phosphorus,amino were studied,and their correlation with the ecogeographic factors of origin area was analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in seed length/width,length and roundness among the six populations,the other morphological characters were different among the six populations,and the differ ence was significant between Tabigha and Nahef populations,The Tabigha population had the highest 1 000-grain weight,area,circumference,length,width and diameter,and the Nahef population had the smallest.There were no significant differences in total phenolic,phytic acid,inorganic phosphorus and amino contents among the six wild oat populations,and only total flavonoid content was significantly differ ent between Tabigha and Nahef populations.The Spearman rank correlation analysis result showed that the 1 000-grain weight was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with annual average temperature，average temperature in August,average temperature in January and the seasonal temperature difference,and significantly,extremely significantly negatively correlated with annual rainfall,annual rain fall days,respectively.Area,length,circumference and diameter were significantly or extremely significant ly positively correlated with annual average temperature,average temperature in August and average tem perature in January.Area and diameter were extremely significantly,significantly negatively correlated with annual rainfall days,respectively.Length/width was significantly negatively correlated with annual average temperature and average temperature in August.Width was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with annual average temperature，average temperature in August，average temperature in January,seasonal temperature difference and day-night temperature difference,and significantly or ex tremely significantly negatively correlated with altitude,annual rainfall and annual rainfall days.ound ness was only significantly positively correlated with average temperature in August，and there was no sig nificant correlation with the other ecogeographic factors of origin area.The total flavonoid content was sig nificantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with annual average temperature，average temper ature in August，average temperature in January and seasonal temperature difference,and significantly positively correlated with annual rainfall days and annual average humidity.Phytic acid content was only significantly negatively correlated with longitude.

Cloning and Function Analysis of Maize HD-Zip Transcription Factor Gene ZmHOX32

ZHANG Xin, CAO Liru, ZHANG Jun, WEI Liangming, ZHANG Qianjin, WEI Xin, WANG Zhenhua, LU Xiaomin

2019, 48(11): 34-39. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.005

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The homeodomain-leucine zipper protein(HD-Zip) can participate in the hormone signaling pathway by interacting with other proteins,thereby regulating the stress response and growth and develop ment of plants.To verify and explore the response pattern of HD-Zip protein to drought stress and ABA in duction,a HD-Zip transcription factor gene was cloned from maize drought-resistant self-selection line Zheng D58M,which was temporarily named ZmHOX32.The ZmHOX32 protein consisted 856 amino acids and belonged to a hydrophilic protein,which was localized in the nucleus.Phylogenetic tree and conserved motif analysis showed that the ZmHOX32 protein sequence was highly homologous to Setaria italica and Panicum hallii protein sequences,and the conserved motif was completely identical.The ZmHOX32 gene promoter sequence contained binding elements that responded to hormones,abiotic stresses and light stim ulation.The results of qＲT-PCＲ showed that ZmHOX32 gene was a constitutively expressed gene,which was highly expressed in vegetative meristem and was positively induced by drought stress and exogenous ABA.These results indicate that ZmHOX32 gene is involved in drought stress and ABA signaling path way．

Preliminary Research on Maize Grain Mechanical Harvest in Different Huang-Huai-Hai Ecological Areas

WEI Xiaoyi, WEI Feng, HONG Defeng, MA Junfeng, MA Yi, WANG Jiamu, ZHANG Xueshun, YAN Yuxin, LIU Zhenyu, HU Ning

2019, 48(11): 40-44. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.006

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Maize grain mechanized harvest is a harvest technology that urgently needs to be developed in fu ture.However,mechanized grain harvest is mostly impeded by high grain broken rate and poor harvest quality that caused by high grain moisture content during harvest period.In order to popularize the mechanized grain harvest of maize in Huang-huai-hai area,a new maize variety Xindan 58 that is suitable for mechanized grain harvest in Huang-huai-hai area was employed with Zhengdan 958 as the control,the mechanized kernel harves ting were performed in 25 different locations.For evaluating the mechanical harvest characters of the two varie ties,grain yield,grain moisture content,impurity rate,grain broken rate,and growth stage were investigated.The result indicated that the averages of grain broken rate and impurity rate for Xindan 58 were 4.8% and 2.7%,respectively,which all met with the standards in GB/T 21962—2008 Technical Conditions for Maize Mechanical Harvesting.The grain moisture content of Xindan 58 and Zhengdan 958(CK) showed significantly positive cor relation with the grain broken rate.At 15 locations,the grain yield of Xindan 58 was higher than Zhengdan 958,and the grain moisture content was all less than 28%,which was suitable for maize grain mechanized har vest.At 7 locations,the grain moisture content was less than 28% while the yield was lower than Zhengdan 958,which was less suitable for grain harvesting.In the three locations of Weihui City,Yongnian County,and Jiaxiang County,it is proposed to postpone the harvest time appropriately to make the grain moisture contentlower than28%inmechainedgrainharvesting,soastofacilitatethedevelopmentofXindan58grainmechan icalharvest．

Transcription Factor NtMYC2b Is Involved in the Formation of Heterosis of Nicotine Content Trait

WU Yuyao, XIE Ｒui, YANG Youcheng, LIU Kunhua, NIE Qiong

2019, 48(11): 45-53. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.007

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To investigate the correlation between transcription factor MYC2b and nicotine content and its heterosis in tobacco,ＲT-qPCＲ was used to analyze the expression of NtMYC2b and key enzyme genes in the nicotine synthesis pathway,and the nicotine content and its heterosis in roots and leaves of tobacco were determinated.The results showed that the expression of NtMYC2b in parent roots(GDH88 and Bas ma) was upregulated at 80 d compared with 66 d after transplanting,and their nicotine content in root and leaves was also increased.The expressions of NtMYC2b,ornithine decarboxylase gene(ODC),arginine de carboxylase gene(ADC) ,putrescine-N-methyltransferase gene (PMT) and N-methylputrescine oxidase gene(MPO) were significantly upregulated in root of hybrid relative to their parents.The relative expres sion levels of NtMYC2b,ODC,ADC,PMT and QPT(quinoline phosphoribosyltransferase gene) in the strong heterosis combination(VA116 × Basma) were significantly higher than those in the weak heterosis combination(VA116 × GDH88) ,meanwhile,the nicotine content and its heterosis also showed the same trend in roots and leaves of hybrid.It indicated that NtMYC2b was involved in the synthesis of nicotine and might also be involved in the formation of heterosis of nicotine content.Correlation analysis showed that the expression of NtMYC2b was significantly positively correlated with PMT in the parent roots,the same with ADC and MPO in hybrid roots.Moreover,between NtMYC2b expression and nicotinic content heterosis,between PMT expression and ODC and ADC expression,was also a significant positive correla tion in hybrid leaves.Sequence analysis showed that the promoter sequence of ADC contained 1 MYC binding site and 1 G-box element,the promoter sequence of PMT contained 7 MYC binding sites and 1 G box element.Therefore,it is speculated that NtMYC2b may regulate the expression of ADC and PMT by specifically binding with cis-element MYC binding site or G-box elementto promote the synthesis of nico tine.These findings suggest that NtMYC2b is involved in the synthesis of nicotine and the formation of het erosis in nicotine content．

Correlation Analysis of Hypocotyl Length and Ｒoot Length at Seedling Stage with Main Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits at Mature Stage in Brassica napus

LU Dandan, LI Baoquan, AN Sufang, HOU Jinna

2019, 48(11): 54-61. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.008

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In order to dissect the relationship between hypocotyl length，root length at seedling stage and main agronomic traits and quality traits at maturity stage of Brassica napus,125 varieties (lines) of B.na pus were planted indoors and in field for investigating their agricultural traits and quality traits.Correlation and gray relational grade analyses were conducted among various traits.Results showed that the variation coefficients of erucic acid content and glucosinolate content were larger,susceptible to environmental im pact,while the variation coefficients of oil content,plant height were smaller and heritability was higher.The hypocotyl length and the root length at seedling stage was positively correlated with each other. The root length at seedling stage was significantly negative correlated with lodging grade.The length of hypo cotyl and root at seedling stage showed positive correlation with main quality traits and hypocotyl length was positivly correlated with erucic acid content(P＜0.05) .All the results indicated that when the roots of the seedlings were more developed，the lodging resistance and quality traits were better at maturity,and the hypocotyl length and root length at seedling stage could be used as important reference indexes for breeding B.napus with lodging resistance and high quality．

Effect of Combination of Different Straw Ｒeturning Methods with N Application on Carbon Balance of Wheat Field

MA Jianhui, HUANG Peixin, JIANG Li’na, ZHAO Lingxiao, LI Chunxi

2019, 48(11): 62-69. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.009

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In order to investigate the effect of combination of different straw returning methods with N ap plication on carbon sequestration capacity of wheat field,different N levels were set up on the basis of all the maize straw returning by direct straw incorporation and abdomen-digested straw incorporation,the soil respiration rate and carbon storage of wheat plant were determined,and the carbon balance of wheat field were analyzed.The experiment was composed of five treatments.On the basis of all the maize straw retur ning by direct straw incorporation,the experiment was composed of two N levels of 0,260 kg/ha.On the basis of all the maize straw returning by abdomen-digested straw incorporation,the experiment was com posed of three N levels of 260,220,190 kg/ha.The results showed that N application significantly in creased dry matter accumulation and carbon storage of wheat plant，and the carbon emission of total soil respiration，root respiration and microbial respiration; under the treatments with the same N application rate(260 kg/ha) ,compared with the direct straw incorporation,the carbon storage of wheat plant signifi cantly increased under straw returning by abdomen-digested straw incorporation,thus improving the car bon sequestration capacity of wheat field，and the net ecosystem productivity was 0.14 kg/m².Under ab domen-digested straw incorporation,the treatment with 220 kg/ha N had lower carbon sequestration capacity with the net ecosystem productivity of 0.05 kg/m²; the treatments with 260,190 kg/ha N had higher carbon sequestration capacity,the net ecosystem productivities were 0.14，0.13 kg/m² respectively,and the treatment with 260 kg/ha N under abdomen-digested straw incorporation had the highest grain yield.To improve the ecological benefit and wheat yield,the treatment with 260 kg/ha N under abdomen digested straw incorporation was recommended in north Henan Province．

Effects of Frass Manure on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Tomato Yield in Greenhouse

CAI Ｒuijie, XIAO Yang, WU Xiang, WANG Xiaobo, XU Xiaoyan

2019, 48(11): 70-74. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.010

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To explore the applications of frass manure organic fertilizer in agricultural production,three different frass manures( yellow mealworm frass,black soldier fly frass and white-spotted flower chafer frass) and chicken manure were used as experimental materials,to study the effects of different organic manure application on soil pH value,conductivity,soil carbon content,soil enzyme activity and tomato yield.The results showed that,the total carbon and total organic carbon contents of soil treated by three frass manure fertilizer organic were significantly higher than those of chicken fertilizer treatment.Each or ganic fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content，and the effect of black soldier fly frass treatment was the best.Each organic manure treatment significantly increased soil phosphatase and urease activities,but had no significant effect on soil catalase activity.The white-spotted flower chafer frass treatment had the greatest influence on soil phos phatase and urease activity,which increased by 78.53% and 36.61%,respectively,compared with chick en manure treatment. Phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil water-soluble to tal carbon and water-soluble total organic carbon content.Urease activity was significantly positively corre lated with soil total carbon，total organic carbon,and water-soluble total organic carbon content,and was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil water-soluble total carbon content.Each organic fer tilizer treatment significantly increased tomato yield，and yellow mealworm frass,black soldier fly frass and white-spotted flower chafer frass treatments increased by 17.37%,12.52% and 18.25%,respectively,compared with chicken manure treatment．

Impact of Combined Ammonia-removal Bacteria on Chicken Manure Compost Deodorization and Decomposing Effect

LIU Yanwei, GU Xin, HUI Yueran, NIAN Wencai, JI Lidong, SHI Weiyong

2019, 48(11): 75-83. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.011

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In order to solve the problem of poor ammonia removal effect of single strain on livestock com posting,taking chicken manure and furfural residue as test materials,liquid fermentation test and site test were used to study ammonia removal effect of Pseudomonas sp.(A21) and Bacillus sp.(A38),Pseudo monas stutzeri(S33),Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum(S61) and their combination and explore the effects of different ammonia removal bacteria on composting process of composting materials.The results showed that,when the fermentation was finished,the pH value of the composting materials was between 7.58 and 7.77,and the water content decreased to 17.23%—21.34%.A21,S33 combination treated composting materials had the lowest cumulative ammonia release amount，the contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen，total phosphorus and total potassium were 36.02%,2.33%,2.28%,0.98%,respectively,which increased by 31.84%,37.06%,6.05%,15.29% compared with no bacterium addition treatment,respectively.The organic carbon content of the composting material decreased by 12.57%,and the total nitrogen content increased by 15.35% compared to chicken manure in basic materials.In summary,Pseudomonas sp.and Pseudomonas stutzeri combination could accelerate the maturity process of compos ting materials,reduce the loss of carbon and nitrogen,and increase total nutrient content.These aspects are superior to single bacterium or other combination treatments,and could be applied to chicken manure composting production practice．

Characteristics of Nutrients and Enzyme Activity in Different Grades of Ｒocky Desertification Soils in Southwest Guizhou

YANG Dan, SHI Ju, LI Mian, DU Ｒunlai, GUAN Qingli

2019, 48(11): 84-91. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.012

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In order to reveal the qualitative status of soils in rocky desertification region,different degrees of rocky desertification soils were collected from a typical karst region in Guizhou Province as research ob ject.The nutrients content and enzymatic activity were analyzed,based on field sampling and laboratory determination,and the changes of soil quality with different degrees of rocky desertification were explored,to provide the foundation for possible soil improvement and ecological restoration in rocky desertification areas.The results showed that soil pH significantly increased by 4.49%—5.80% in rocky desertification soils.Organic matter and total nitrogen content in rocky desertification soils were higher than those in no rocky desertification soil.Soil organic matter content was 1.02—2.99 times more，and total nitrogen con tent was 3.65%—24.82% more in rocky desertification soils.However,total phosphorus content and to tal potassium content significantly decreased in moderate and severe rocky desertification soils.Activities of soil ivertase，urease，dehydrogenase，cellulose showed obvious decrease as the rocky desertification ag gravated.From light to severe rocky desertification，soil ivertase activity declined by 22.33% —71.46%,soil urease activity decreased by 31.25%—80.14%.Soil dehydrogenase activity was 70.83% and 83.33% down,and soil cellulose activity declined by 55.0% and 80.0% respectively in moderate and severe rocky desertification soils． Alkaline phosphatase activity was only 24.78% of the no rocky desertifi cation soil in severe desertification soil.Therefore,the nutrients content and enzyme activities could be ap plied as critical indicators for evaluating the soil quality in various degrees of rocky desertification soils．

Inhibitory Effects，Growth-promotion Evaluation and Identification of Two Biocontrol Bacteria against Fungal Diseases of Sesame

HE Bipo, ZHAO Hui, LIU Hongyan, NI Yunxia, WEN Yi, LIU Xintao

2019, 48(11): 92-98. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.013

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In order to obtain effective and safe biocontrol resources to control sesame fungal diseases,SFB34 and SFB109 were screened from 412 soil samples.The antagonistic abilities to the pathogens(Mac rophomina phaseolina,Fusarium oxysporum，Bipolaris sorokiniana,Corynespora cassiicola and Nigrospora sphaerica) were detected through plate confrontation method and toxic medium method，and their promo tion evaluation and identification were carried out.The results indicated that the strains( SFB34 and SFB109) had good inhibitory effects on the five pathogens.The inhibition ratios of the fermentation fil trates of strains SFB34 and SFB109 ranged from 47.13% to 88.89% and from 38.84% to 86.90%,re spectively.The plant promoting ability was detected through root-drenching method. The bacteria resus pensions of 5×10⁸ cfu/mL SFB34 and SFB109 could promote sesame seedlings growth significantly.Strain SFB34 increased the plant height,root length,fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings by 8.91%,22.42%,28.02% and 23.52%,while strain SFB109 increased by 8.57%,13.16%,20.88% and 11.76%,respectivly.The screened biocontrol bacteria were identified by morphological observation,phys iological biochemistry and molecular criteria.It showed that SFB34 was classified into Bacillus velezensis and SFB109 was classified into Bacillus subtilis.This study provided a theoretical basis for further devel opment and utilization of SFB34 and SFB109 as biological control resources for sesame fungal diseases.

The Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Actinomycetes G-1 Against Alternaria radicina

ZHANG Jiarong, GAO Zhenfeng, LI Na, ZHANG Xiaoyu

2019, 48(11): 99-104. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.014

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In order to screen out actinomycete with good inhibitory effect on Alternaria radicina,plate confrontation method,dual-culture inhibition method,growth rate method,pot experiment and 16S rＲNA sequence analysis were used to screen antagonistic actinomycete,test the control effect on Alternaria radic ina,and identify actinomycetes.The result showed that bothstrain G-1 and its fermentation broth had sig nificant inhibition rate against Alternaria radicina,and the inhibition rates were 77.2% and 78.5%,re spectively.Strain G-1 was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus based on the analysis of 16S rＲNA se quence.In addition,the control effect of strain G-1 on Alternaria radicina was more than 70% in pot ex periment,when the fermentation broth of strain G-1 was diluted 50—100 times.In conclusion,strain G-1 had good application potential in controlling Alternaria radicina.

Effects of ＲNA Interference of gdo on Gaeumannomyces graminis,the Wheat Take-all Fungus

DONG Zhenjie, MAI Yanna, XIA Qing, MA Chao, TIAN Xiubin, LI Huanhuan, LIU Wenxuan, SONG Yuli

2019, 48(11): 105-111. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.015

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In order to select the target genes used in host-inducing gene silencing(HIGS) to protect wheat from damages caused by Ggt(Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici) ,the effects on growth and pathogenicity of Ggt fungus KX-7 caused by ＲNA interference(ＲNAi) of gdo gene which encodes genti sate 1,2-dioxygenase(GDO) were investigated.The results showed that，gdo gene silencing caused by ＲNAi obviously inhibited hyphae growth of the fungus.The relative growth rates of hyphae of thirty Ggt transformants in vitro cultured on solid PDA medium were only 20.00%—87.00% of wild type control.gdo ＲNAi in Ggt cells lessened the pathogenicity of transformants to wheat plants at different extents. Based on wheat resistance evaluation twenty-eight days post inoculation with gdo ＲNAi transformants,dis ease index of transformant L-4 infected wheat plants was 39.29,obviously lower than wild type control (75.93).The results of in vitro culture showed that there was no obvious correlation between hyphae rela tive growth rate and Ggt pathogenicity.Hyphae relative growth rate of four tested transformants was orderly from high to low by S-6( 59.00%)= L-2( 59.00%) ＞L-4( 42.00%) ＞M-5( 30.00%),whereas the disease index of infected plants was in descending order of S-6( 84.00) ＞M-5( 77.08) ＞L-2( 62.07) ＞L-4( 39.29) .This study confirmed that gdo gene could be used as a candidate target gene in HIGS for the protection of wheat from Ggt．

Comparison of Borer Ｒesistance of Different Fresh-eating Corn Varieties

CHEN Qiang, ZHANG Jinlong, LEI Shuai, LI Qiang, ZHANG Xiaoming, CHEN Guohua

2019, 48(11): 112-119. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.016

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In order to effectively implement integrated control of corn pests,the differences of resistance to borer among corn varieties were compared to screen borer-resistant corn varieties.Parallel jump method was used to record the damage of corn borer at seedling stage,ear stage and flower-grain stage of corn un der natural susceptibility.17 varieties of fresh-eating corn were identified for borer resistance,and the fea sibility of mosaic index to determine borer resistance of corn at seedling stage was analyzed.The results showed that the dynamic changes of damaged ratio per 100 plants of different fresh-eating corn varieties were basically the same,and the damaged ratio reached the peak at harvest time.At seedling stage,there were four varieties(Tianjianuo 1,Yunnuo 4,Tianzi 23 and Heinuo 1) with high resistance to borers.At ear stage，there were two varieties(Tianjianuo 1 and Tianzi 23) with high resistance to borers.At flower grain stage，the lowest number of borers per 100 plants was inYunnuo4( 79.0) ,and the highest borer number of 100 plants was in Xiawangchaotian(243.3) .The correlation between mosaic index and average leaf-eating grade was extremely significant.Mosaic index could be used as an important index to identify the resistance of corn to borers.Tianjianuo 1 and Tianzi 23 had better resistance to borers and could be planted in areas where borers seriously occurred．

Correlation between Seed Quality and Meteorological Factors of Oil Tree Peony Fengdan at Different Altitudes

DING Xining, SHI Tian, YANG Linfei, YANG Hui, WANG Kaixuan, GUO Xiangfeng, SHI Guoan

2019, 48(11): 120-126. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.017

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In order to clarify the correlation between the seed yield and quality characters of oil tree peony Fengdan and the meteorological factors at different altitudes,the multi-point cultivation experiments at altitude ranging from 100 m to 1 010 m in Luoyang region was carried out with the tree peony Fengdan as the test material.The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between altitude and the filling stage and the content of crude fat in seed kernel,a significant negative correlation between altitude and protein content of seed kernel,and a significant negative correlation between protein content and crude fat content of seed kernel.Also,there was a significant positive correlation between the altitude and the relative contents of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid in seed kernel of Fengdan,but there were no significant correlations between the contents of linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid and meteorological factors.The results revealed that the crude fat content of kernel was the most important seed quality trait of oil tree peony Fengdan affected by altitude.Planting oil tree peony Fengdan in hilly and mountainous areas at middle and high altitudes is beneficial to increasement of the 100-seed weight,the kernel rate and the crude fat content of kernels．

Influence of Different Combination Ｒatios of Ammonium Nitrogen and Nitrate Nitrogen on Two Kinds of Tissue Culture Plantlets of Anoectochilus

LUO Jianpiao, TAN Jiana, GUAN Jinyan, HUANG Haiying, CHEN Yuegui, YANG Junxian, LUO Qingwen

2019, 48(11): 127-140. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.018

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In order to analyze the influence of different combination ratios of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on the tissue culture plantlets of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Anoectochilus plant from Yunnan，nine concentration gradients of NH₄⁺/NO₃^- were set: 0/30,5/25,10/20,15/15，20/10,25/5，30/0，20/40，30/30． Terminal buds and stem segments of the two plants’plantlets were inoculated in the medium and various growth indexes were measured after 90 and 120 days so as to provide references for the tissue culture，rapid propagation，and reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer.The results showed that different combination ratios of NH₄⁺/NO₃^- not only had significant or extremely significant impacts on the terminal buds reflecting in height，internode number，dead number of internodes，leave number，dead number of leaves，length and width of the first leaf near the stem apex，number and length of the roots in the medium and in the air，but also had significant or extremely significant impacts on the stem segments reflecting in budding number，height of buds，internode number，leave number，length and width of the second leaf above，stem diameter，root number of the buds． At the total nitrogen concentration of 30 mmol/L,when the combination ratios of NH₄⁺/NO₃^- were relatively low，terminal buds of the two plants grew well， stem and leaves appeared normal，the budding rate of stem segments was high and the new buds grew well; while with the increasing combination ratio of NH₄⁺/NO₃^-，terminal buds of the two plants grew worse and worse，the budding rate of stem segments became lower and lower and the new buds grew weaker and weaker. High combination ratios of NH₄⁺/NO₃^-led to the death of the terminal buds and stem segments at last.The combination ratios of NH₄⁺/NO₃^-had important effects on the plant morphology of Anoectochilus.The better combination ratios of NH₄⁺/NO₃^- for the growing of Anoectochilus roxburghii’s terminal buds and for the shooting of its stem segments were 0/30，5/25，10/20，20/40,while the better combination ratios of NH₄⁺/NO₃^-for Anoectochilus plant from Yunnan were 0/30，5/25. In the process of tissue culture,organic and inorganic nutrients can be added into the medium based on these better NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratios to promote the growth of seedings; nitrate nitrogen ratios can be raised under field conditions．

The Influence of Auxin IAA on the Flowering Ｒegulation of Lotus

LIU Yiping, HUANG Zhiyuan, LIANG Lu, MENG Yanan, KONG Dezheng

2019, 48(11): 141-145. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.019

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In order to investigate the anthesis changes of potted lotus under different mass concentrations of exogenous IAA,the lotus variety sapphire was used as the experimental material，and the lotus flowers with the same growth were selected for auxin injection and wound application.The IAA mass concentration was set as follows: 0(CK,injected with distilled water of the same volume) ,100,150 and 200 mg/L were used to analyze the changes in SOD,POD,CAT activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) content of each treatment,and to analyze the correlation between the physiological indicators of resistance.The results showed that exogenous auxin stress increased the length,width and maximum diameter of lotus petals to different degrees,and the ornamental effect was better.The treatment with 150 mg/L IAA advanced the initial flowering period by 2 d,and extended the single flower life of lotus.The maximum values of SOD,POD and CAT activities in 150 mg/L IAA treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group by 10.15%,58.70%,13.40%.With the increase of treatment time,the MDA content continued to rise,and the accumulation of 150 mg/L IAA treatment was lower than that of the control at each period,while changes of the other treatments were not obvious.At flower-wilting stage,SOD activity and POD,CAT activities showed very significantly positive correlation,POD activity and CAT activity showed significantly positive correlation,and the three showed a significantly negative correlation with MDA content， respectively， indicated that when lotus suffered exogenous stress,a variety of protective enzymes interacted,prevented membrane lipid peroxidation，slowed down aging of plant cells，and extended flowering period.In summary,150 mg/L IAA treatment made lotus flower have better flower quality and significantly improved the physiological activity of various protective enzymes,slowed down the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and extended the ornamental period of lotus flower.

Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on the Growth of Zinnia elegans Seedlings under Low Potassium Stress

GUO Man, ZHU Yanlin, HUANG Wenjie, SI Dongxia, LI Haiyun

2019, 48(11): 146-150. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.020

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In order to ascertain whether exogenous salicylic acid can alleviate low potassium stress in plants,and provide new ideas and methods for improving plant tolerance to low potassium stress,the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid［0(CK),0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00 mmol/L］on the growth of Zinnia elegans seedlings were studied using pot experiment under low potassium stress.The results showed that spraying salicylic acid increased the plant height and dry weight of the Zinnia elegans seedlings,and these two indexes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of salicylic acid concentration，both of them reached the maximum when salicylic acid concentration was 0.75 mmol/L,the plant height reached 9.06 cm,71.27% higher than the control,and dry weight reached 0.19 g/plant,171.43% higher than the control.The root total length,total surface area，as well as the root length and surface area of the fine roots(diameter 0—0.3 mm) were the highest,and significantly higher than the control when treated with 0.75 mmol/L salicylic acid,which were 169.23%,141.63%,18.47% and 20.77% higher than the control group respectively.These results suggested that salicylic acid could alleviate the inhibition of low potassium stress on the growth of Zinnia elegans seedlings by promoting root growth,and 0.75 mmol/L was the best.

Establishment and Optimization of Indirect ELISA for Detection of Structural Protein E0 Antibody of Classical Swine Fever Virus

GUO Dongguang, CHEN Mingyan, ZHU Yanping, LI Peng, YUE Feng, CUI Fangwei, LI Wenming, WANG Jinhai, WANG Xuannian

2019, 48(11): 151-156. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.021

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In order to establish an economical and reliable method for the detection of serum antibody against classical swine fever virus(CSFV),the recombinant protein E0 expressed in Escherichia coli was used as the coating agent，an indirect ELISA(E0-ELISA) was developed for the detection of serum antibody against CSFV.The results showed that the optimized E0-ELISA best effect was gained when the E0 protein was coated at 37℃ for 1 h and the protein mass concentration at 1.0 μg/mL.The best blocking condition was 5% skimmed milk powder solution at 37℃for 2 h.The best effect was obtained when the serum to be tested was diluted at 1∶ 100 and incubated at 37 ℃ for 60 min,and when the second antibody was diluted at 1∶ 5 000 and incubated at 37℃ for 45 min.When OD450＜0.370,it was negative for CSFV antibody.The variation coefficients of intra-batch and inter-batch repeated tests were 1.99%—7.69% and 2.16%—9.23%,respectively,which showed a good stability for the indirect ELISA.The positive serum of PＲＲSV,PＲV,PCV and PPV tested by E0-ELISA showed the negative results.It was still positive when the positive serum CSFV was diluted to 1∶ 640,showing that E0-ELISA had a good sensitivity.Compared with IDEXX CSFV antibody detection kit，the E0-ELISA coincidence rate,sensitivity and specificity were 92.00%,97.86% and 78.33%,respectively.All the results indicated that an economical,stable,specific and sensitive indirect ELISA for detection of CSFV antibodies was successfully established．

Breed Effect on the Semen Quality and Sperm Morphology of Boar and the Ｒule of Variation with Age

ZHAO Yunxiang, FANG Cheng, ZHU Lin, GAO Guangxiong, YE Li, ZHANG Conglin, LI Zhili

2019, 48(11): 157-162. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.022

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In order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of boar semen,we study the effect of breed and age on the semen quality and morphological parameters of sperm in boars.114 boars were selected and multivariate analysis was performed on routine semen quality parameters，abnormal morphological parameters of sperm，and normal morphological parameters of sperm using a general linear model with breed and age as fixed factors.Ｒesults showed that in the routine semen quality，sperm density of Duroc (619.20 million/mL) was significantly higher(P ＜0.05) than Landrace( 363.18 million/mL) and Yorkshire( 336.92 million/mL) ,the sperm vitality and linear motion rate of Duroc and Yorkshire were significantly(P＜0.05) higher than Landrace.The normal form rate of Landrace boars sperm(92.95%) was significantly(P＜0.05) higher than Duroc(90.78%),the sperm density of one year old boars (556.98 million/mL) was significantly(P＜0.05) higher than that of two and three years old boars ( 382.44 million/mL,373.32 million/mL).In terms of anomalous sperm morphological parameters,the bent tail rate and the curled tail rate of Yorkshire were significantly(P＜0.05) lower than Duroc and Landrace，the proximal droplets rate of Landrace boars sperm(2.28%) was significantly(P＜0.05) lower than Duroc(3.94%) and Yorkshire(2.92%),the proximal droplets rate of three years old boars was significantly (P＜0.05) lower than two years old boars.In terms of normal sperm morphology parameters,the head and tail length from boar of Duroc and Yorkshire were significantly(P＜0.05) higher than Landrace，the head width of Duroc(2.96 μm) and Landrace(2.94 μm) was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than Yorkshire(2.87μm),the head circumference of Duroc,Yorkshire and Landrace decreased in turn and was significantly different(P＜0.05),the head area/total sperm length of Landrace was significantly(P＜0.05) higher than Yorkshire,the head width/head length of Landrace boar was significantly higher (P ＜0.05) than that of Duroc and Yorkshire,the sperm head length,head circumference,head length/total sperm length,head length/tail length of boars of one and two years old were significantly higher(P＜0.05) than three years old,the tail length/total sperm length and head width/head length of boars of one and two years old were significantly(P＜0.05) lower than three years old.Ｒesults indicated that in terms of conventional semen quality parameters,Duroc was the best,followed by Yorkshire and Landrace,but the morphology parameters of Duroc was at a disadvantage compared to Landrace and Yorkshire.The factor of age had little effect on boar semen quality．

Effects of Feed Decomposition on the Ecological Environment of Different Aquaculture Waters

XUAN Xiongzhi, LI Wenjia, LI Shaoyu, WEI Fengxian, XU Bin, WANG Shuqi, LIU Jingen

2019, 48(11): 163-173. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.023

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The aquarium simulation method was used to explore the influence of feed residue on the ecological factors of different aquaculture waters.The waters which have cultured the grass carp,tilapia and snakehead without feed residue were named as C1,C2 and C3 group while the waters with feed residue were marked as T1,T2 and T3 group.The experiment lasted 15 days. The results indicated that the dissolved oxygen content was positively correlated with pH value in C1,C2 and C3 group(P＜0.01) .At the end of the experiment，the densities of phytoplankton and the diversity indexes of C1,C2 and C3 group were increased by 43.50%,36.12%,27.57% and 5.76%,8.01%,5.63% respectively compared with those at the beginning of the experiment,and the water environment tended to be stable.The amount of culturable bacteria of T1，T2 and T3 group was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen content and pH(P＜0.01) ,and positively(P＜0.01) correlated with total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate content in the water.At the end of the experiment,the densities of phytoplankton of T1,T2 and T3 group were 11.54 times,9.57 times and 8. 68 times as much as those at the beginning of the experiment,and the diversity indexes were decreased by 18.11%,12.71% and 4.35%.Microcystis in T1 and T2 group,while Synedra in T3 group had become the dominant population at the end of the experiment.The increased tendency of the densities and diversity indexes of phytoplankton in C1,C2 and C3 group indicated that the water without feed residue tended to be stable during the experiment.The phytoplankton densities of T1，T2 and T3 group increased while the diversity indexes of these groups decreased,which indicated that the water environment tended to be eutrophic.The variation trend of different aquaculture waters may be closely related to the difference of microbes,and the variance of phytoplankton composition in the water may be related to the change of pH value in the waters．

Ｒapid Diagnosis Technology of Wheat Stem Number Based on Canopy Image Processing

LIU Jiahuan, ZHENG Chengjuan, LI Yun, LI Zengyuan, FU Haoran, ZHANG Weifeng

2019, 48(11): 174-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.11.024

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In order to improve the diagnostic efficiency of wheat population,the feasibility of using image recognition instead of manual sampling counting was studied.The number of stems in the four stages of seedling,pre-wintering,reviving and jointing at 105 wheat fields in Yangxin County,Shandong Province were diagnosed from 2016 to 2017 by smart phone,UAV and manual sampling counting,respectively.The results showed that,the correlations of smart phone image recognition and manual sampling counting in the four growth stages were pre-wintering stage(^Ｒ2=0.900，P＜0.001 0)＞jointing stage (Ｒ²=0. 240,P＜0.001 0)＞reviving stage (Ｒ²=0.130，P＜0.001 0)＞seedling stage (Ｒ²=0.010,P＜0.290 0);The correlations of UAV image recognition and manual sampling counting in the three growth stages were pre-wintering stage(Ｒ²=0.760,P＜0.001 0)reviving stage(Ｒ²=0.320,P＜0.010 0)＞seedling stage (Ｒ²=0.005，P＜0.880 0).In terms of diagnostic efficiency,manual sampling counting unit took about 100.0 min/ha,smart phone image recognition unit took about 5.0 min/ha,while UAV image recognition took about 1.5 min/ha.The results show that smart phone image recognition can be used for wheat population size diagnosis in pre-wintering to jointing stage,and the diagnosis accuracy is highest in the pre-wintering stage.For large-area wheat fields，the method of UAV image recognition can be used for wheat population size diagnosis in pre-winterring and reviving stage．

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