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    2019, 48(12):  0. 
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    Reviews
    Research Progress of CTX-M Type Extended-spectrum β-lactamases
    LIU Baoguang, LI Yucheng, WANG Baoying, BAI Ming , MIAO Mingsan, XU Erping
    2019, 48(12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.001
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    The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance to β-lactamide antibiotics. In recent years,with the widespread use of cephalosporins,the spread of CTX-M ESBLs has become strong,causing popularity and spread in many countries and regions.It has gradually become the main type of ESBLs epidemic in many countries,and poses a great threat to human and animal health. In view of this,the discovery,species,biochemical characteristics,epidemiology and therapeutic measures of this enzyme strain in recent years are reviewed in this paper.The gene mutation,transfer,translocation factors and genetic environment of gene transfer of this enzyme strain are summarized,so as to provide references for the control of multidrug-resistant enzyme-producing bacteria.
    Crop Cultivation & Genetic Breeding
    Effect of Water and Nitrogen Application Strategies on Annual Yield and Water Use of Wheat and Maize
    YANG Yonghui, WU Jicheng, XU Weixia, PAN Xiaoying, ZHANG Jiemei, GAO Cuimin, HE Fang, WANG Yue
    2019, 48(12):  8-14.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.002
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    A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilizer topdressing ratio(A1:30%,A2:40%;240 kg/ha N for wheat,270 kg/ha N for maize) combined with three irrigation rates[B1—B3:0,2,3 times during the growth stage of wheat and maize respectively;450 m3/(ha·time) for wheat and maize] on soil water storage,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,annual yield and water use under irrigation with sprinkler belt,so as to determine reasonable N fertilizer topdressing ratio and irrigation amount for wheat and maize.The results showed that with the increase of irrigation rate,the soil water storage increased at heading stage and filling stage of wheat,filling stage and harvest stage of maize,while the soil water storage showed a decreasing trend at the harvest stage of wheat. More nitrogen fertilizer supply in the early stage of wheat was more beneficial to improve the photosynthetic rate,while moderate drought stress was more beneficial to improve leaf water use efficiency.With the increase of irrigation rate,the yield and water use efficiency of wheat increased at first and then decreased,while the biomass and 1 000-grain weight increased.A1B2 treatment had the highest wheat grain yield of 8 207.8 kg/ha,water use efficiency of 26.7 kg/(mm·ha) and irrigation use efficiency of 1.42 kg/m3.For maize,A2B2 treatment had the highest yield,while the water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency of A1B3 treatment were the highest.The order of annual water consumption of wheat and maize was A1<A2.The annual yield of wheat and maize of A2B2 treatment was the highest,while the annual water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency of A1B3 treatment were all the highest.

    QTL Mapping and Meta Analysis for Width of Three Leaves near the Ear in Maize
    ZHANG Yingying, YANG Qing, DAI Ziju, WANG Yan, WANG Xintao
    2019, 48(12):  15-22.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.003
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    In order to identify the major quantitative trait loci(QTL) for width of three leaves near the ear in maize,a recombinant inbred lines(RIL) population including 241 family lines which derived from Zheng 58 and D863F were used to evaluated the width of three leaves near the ear in Yuanyang,Xiping of Henan Province and Ledong of Hainan Province.The QTLs associated with width of three leaves near the ear in three environments were determined by a genetic map which was constructed by 215 pairs of SSR markers.The results suggested that width of three leaves near the ear in maize showed continuous variations with a normal distribution in RIL population and belonged to typical quantitative trait.A total of 17 QTLs were detected in three environments explaining 5.30%—12.77% of the phenotypic variation.Three major QTLs for width of three leaves near the ear were detected in more than two environments. Twelve mQTLs were obtained by Meta-QTL analysis.The qThiLW2-5 and qFirLW2-6 were located in mQTL5-1 and mQTL6-1 regions respectively,qFirLW1-8,qFirLW2-8 and qSecLW2-8 were located in mQTL8-1 region.
    Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Canopy Characteristics of New Maize Variety Zhengdan 901 for Grain and Silage
    XUE Huazheng, GU Limin, XIA Laikun, MU Xinyuan, LIU Kang, HAN Xiaohua, TANG Baojun, ZHOU Bo
    2019, 48(12):  23-29.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.004
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    In order to determine the optimum planting density of new maize variety Zhengdan 901 for grain and silage,the effects of planting density on canopy structure,grain yield and silage biological yield of Zhengdan 901 were evaluated in this study. The results indicated that the ear height and plant height of Zhengdan 901 increased accompanying with the increasement of planting density from 4.5×104 plants/ha to 9.0×104 plants/ha,however,which were decreased significantly when the planting density was over 9.0×104 plants/ha,and the sensitivity of ear height to planting density was higher than that of plant height.The uniformity of plant height and ear height increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting density,which reached the maximum at 9.0×104 plants/ha.The canopy structure of Zhengdan 901 was significantly affected by planting density.For every 1.5×104 plants/ha of planting density in creased,the leaf area index of ear layer and bottom layer increased by 0.18—0.27 and 0.14—0.35,respectively,the light transmittance ratio decreased by 2.7%—4.1% and 2.7%—4.0%,respectively,and the leaf obliquity increased by 3.1°—7.0° and 6.1°—11.0°,respectively.Grain yield,silage dry weight and silage fresh weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density.When the planting density was 7.5×104 plants/ ha,the grain yield was the highest;when the density was increased within 4.5×104—9.0×104 plants/ha,the decreasing amplitude of the number of grain per ear was greater than that of 100-grain weight;when the planting density was higher than 9. 0×104 plants/ha,the decreasing amplitude of 100-grain weight was higher than that of the number of grains per ear. When the planting density was 9.0×104 plants/ha,the silage dry weight and silage fresh weight were the highest.In summary,with moderate ear height and plant height,highest uniformity,and optimal canopy characteristic,the plants in 7.5×104 plants/ha obtained the highest grain yield.The highest silage dry weight and silage fresh weight were obtained in 9.0×104 plants/ha.In field production,the optimal planting density should be decided according to the purpose for grain or silage,to obtain the highest yield.

    Quality and Its Stability of Strong Gluten Wheat Variety Zhengmai 379
    LIU Yanxi, QIN Maomao, ZHOU Zhengfu, ZHANG Kun, ZHAO Mengqi, WU Zhengqing, LEI Zhensheng
    2019, 48(12):  30-36.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.005
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    The quality and its stability of Zhengmai 379 were studied within two years in eight regions in Henan Province,so as to provide foundation for the rational region layout and promotion of Zhengmai 379.The results showed that Zhengmai 379 could reach the national high-quality strong gluten wheat standard.The average of water absorption rate,stabilization time and wet gluten content were 62.9%,10.7 min and30.7% respectively.The main quality indicators had no significant difference between 2017 and 2018,such as grain volume weight,grain hardness,flour whiteness,dough formation time,dough stabilization time and stretch area,indicating that the above indexes was stable in different years.The product experiment showed that bread and noodle sensory scores of Zhengmai 379 were 85.0 and 82.3,which of highquality strong gluten wheat variety Zhengmai 366 were 92.0 and 83.9, respectively.Compared with Zhengmai 366,the baking quality of Zhengmai 379 showed worse,and the noodle cooking quality was better,especially the taste.
    Effects of Exogenous Silicon and Nitric Oxide on Root Growth and Photosynthesis of Wheat Seedling under Copper Stress
    ZHANG Daijing, YANG Huili, MA Jianhui, LUO Tingting, ZHU Qunying, LI Chunxi
    2019, 48(12):  37-43.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.006
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    The effects of silicon(Si) and nitric oxide(NO) on root growth,chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) of wheat seedlings under copper(Cu)stress were studied by hydroponics method,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil Cu pollution.The results showed that the root length,root surface area,root volume,root activity,chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm of wheat seedlings all decreased after Cu stress treatment,and the decrease extent increased with treating time,but the root diameter decreased first and then increased.The contents of Cu,Si and iron(Fe) increased,but the contents of calcium(Ca),potassium(K),magnesium(Mg),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn) and zinc(Zn) decreased.Compared with Cu treatment,the addition of Si and NO overall increased the wheat seedling root activity,length,surface area,volume and the chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,nutrient elements(Ca,Mg,K,Na,Fe,Mn,Zn,Si) contents,but the root diameter of wheat seedlings increased first and then decreased,which indicated that Si and NO increased the tolerance of wheat to Cu stress.In addition,the content of Mg was significantly positively correlated with contents of Mn and Zn,and so was the contents of Si and Na,but the contents of Cu was significantly negatively correlated with the contents of Mg and Mn,indicating that these elements had synergistic or antagonistic effects.In conclusion,both exogenous Si and NO could alleviate the damage caused by Cu stress to wheat seedlings to a certain extent,and the mitigation effect of Si was stronger than NO.

    Effects of Plant Growth Regulator CGR3-1 on Mungbean Photosynthetic Physiology,Yield and Fatty Acid Composition
    ZUO Guanqiang, CAI Guangrong, YU Minglong, LIANG Xilong, LI Yao, WANG Xinxin, FENG Naijie, ZHENG Dianfeng
    2019, 48(12):  44-50.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.007
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    In order to clarify the effect of new plant growth regulator CGR3-1 on mungbean growth,a comparative study was conducted to study the effect of 100 mg/L CGR3-1 on mungbean photosynthetic gas exchange parameters,photosynthate,yield and fatty acid composition by using Lüfeng 2 and Lüfeng 5 as test materials.The results indicated that CGR3-1 made no significant effects on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters at late seed-filling stage when sprayed at the third trifoliolate stage(V3).Applying CGR3-1 at early blooming stage(R1) significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate of Lüfeng 2 at late seed-filling stage compared to distilled water treatment(CK) by 27.10%.In terms of photosynthate,CGR3-1 promoted the Lüfeng 2 sucrose and starch contents in flowering stage when applied at V3 stage,which increased by 54.68% and 62.10% compared to CK group,respectively.The application of CGR3-1 significantly decreased the Lüfeng 5 sucrose content at late seed-filling stage,however,the starch content increased.Applying CGR3-1 at R1 stage had no significant impact on sucrose content,however,the contents of starch in Lüfeng 2 and Lüfeng 5 decreased by 22.00% and 15.53% compared to CK group,respectively.The effects of two spraying stages on 100-grain weight were different. Spraying at V3 stage decreased the 100-grain weight,however,it was increased when sprayed at R1 stage.CGR3-1 application at V3 stage improved the number of pods and grains,and increased the yield.In addition,the plant growth regulator changed the mungbean fatty acid composition.Applying CGR3-1 at V3 stage was beneficial to the improvement of linoleic acid.Collectively,the application of CGR3-1 at V3 stage increased the mungbean yield per plant and improved the quality.
    Growth Difference of Intercropped Peanut in Different Planting Rows in Walnut Grove
    QUAN Baoquan, BAI Dongmei, TIAN Yuexia, XUE Yunyun
    2019, 48(12):  51-55.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.008
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    To explore the suitable planting distance for peanut intercropped in walnut grove, the experiment used Jinhua 10 and Huayu 33 as materials to study the differences of growth, dry matter accumulation,photosynthesis property and yield of peanut in different rows under the condition of peanut intercropped in walnut grove.The results showed the growth,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index(LAI) and yield of peanut in different rows were obviously different when the planting distance between peanut and 6-year-old walnut trunk was below 90 cm.As the increase of the distance, the growth advantage was significant.The growth,dry matter accumulation,LAI and yield of peanut in different rows showed no obvious difference when the planting rows were above 90 cm away from the trunk.Compared with the treatments with planting rows 30 cm,60 cm away from the trunk,the average theoretical yields of the three treatments of Jinhua 10,Huayu 33 with planting rows 90 cm,120 cm and 150 cm away from the trunk were respectively increased by 34.43% and 16.07%, 24.36% and 14.60%.Therefore, the optimum intercropping distance of peanut was 90 cm from the trunk of 6-year-old walnut.
    Agricultural Resources and Environment
    Construction of a High Efficient Cellulose Degradation Composite Strains M6 and Its Compost Effect Analysis
    LIU Qinghai, PAN Hu, ZHU Zhaojing, TIAN Yun, WANG Chong, DAWA Zhuoma, LU Xiangyang, BAI Junping
    2019, 48(12):  56-62.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.009
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    In order to investigate the synergistic degradation effect of microbial complex strains on cellulose,six high-temperature cellulose degrading bacteria were screened from the farmland soil in Tibet and rice field leaf decay deposits in Changsha,and a high efficient cellulose degradation composite strains M6 was constructed.The effects of composite strains M6 on the temperature,pH value,total organic carbon content,total nitrogen content,carbon nitrogen ratio,total nutrient content and seed germination index of compost materials were analyzed.The results showed that,composite strains M6 treatmeat had better CMCNa enzyme activity and filter paper enzyme activity,When fermented 25 d at 50℃ ,the degradation rate of rape straw inoculated with composite strains M6 could reach 16.4%.The composite strains M6 treatment had higher compost temperature and longer high-temperature time than other treatments,the peak temper ature reached 63.7℃ on the 3rd day of fermentation,and the high-temperature period lasted for 8 days;The pH value of compost materials inoculated with composite strains M6 treatment showed weak alkalinity;at the end of composting,the content of total organic carbon in composite strains M6 treatment decreased from 50. 44% to 32.77%,and the content of total nitrogen increased from 1.79% to 2.28%,theC/N decreased from 28.18 to 14.19,and the total nutrient content was 13.27%.The GI value of the composite strains M6 treatment was always higher than other treatments,the GI value was 107% at the end of the compost,the composting treated with composite strains M6 had better permeability and quality.

    Analysis of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Based on the Nitrogen Nutrient Balance in Gong’an County
    XIA Yanyang, LEI Shuyan, ZHANG Zhi, WU Chao, WANG Ran, ZUO Lu
    2019, 48(12):  63-72.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.010
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    In order to realize the regional balance structure and coordinated development of crop and livestock,based on the Statistical Yearbook of Gongan County 2017,the nitrogen demand for crops and the nitrogen supply from fertilizer and straw returning and environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry were estimated and analyzed.Then,the pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding were analyzed by using modified nutrient balance method.The results showed that,the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry in Gong’an County was 11.56 head/ha(the pig equivalent),and the actual livestock and poultry amount per unit area was 9.17 head/ha(the pig equivalent).Which meant the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry was more than the actual livestock and poultry amount per unit area,and the environmental pressure in livestock and poultry breeding was low;The nitrogen pollution in livestock and poultry breeding per unit area of Gong’an County was 125.77 kg/ha.Among it,Mengjiaxi Town,Yangjiachang Town,Jiazhuyuan Town were 226.06,183.88,179.65 kg/ha respectively,which exceeded the EU limit standard(170.00 kg/ha),while other towns were below it;The pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding was 0.79 in Gong’an County,but there were great differences between different towns,ranged from 0.31 to 7.69.Among it,the pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding was the biggest (7.69) in Jiazhuyuan Town. The pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding were 1.85,1.70 respectively in Zakou Town and in Douhudi Town,that ment livestock and poultry breeding would be risk.The pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding were less than 1.00 in the other towns,that meant livestock and poultry breeding was relatively safe for the environment.

    Plant Protection
    Effect of Different Temperatures and Spatial Scales on Predation of Coccus hesperidum by Propylaea japonica
    HU Changxiao, CAO Dan, XU Wantai
    2019, 48(12):  73-78.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.011
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    To ascertain the control potential of Propylaea japonica on Coccus hesperidum,the functional response and searching efficiency of P.japonica(4th instar larvae and adults) on C.hesperidum(1st instar nymph) were studied at different temperatures and spatial scales in a manual climatic box. The results showed that the predation efficacies of P. japonica (4th instar larvae and adults) on C. hesperidum (1st instar nymph) affected by temperature and spatial scale all confirmed to the HollingⅡdisc equation,but had different functional response parameters.The predation efficacy (a′/Th) and searching efficiency of P.japonica (4th instar larvae and adults) on C.hesperidum(1st instar nymph) had a quadratic function relationship with temperature,with the maximum at 25℃ and a suitable temperature of 21—29℃ .The predation efficacy and searching efficiency of P.japonica (4th instar larvae and adults) on C.hesperidum(1st instar nymph) decreased with the increase of test space.
    Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in 50 Foreign Wheat Cultivars
    JIAO Yue, WANG Siman, ZHAO Xilan, ZHANG Peipei, ZHENG Huimin, LI Zaifeng, LIU Daqun
    2019, 48(12):  79-88.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.012
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    A total of 50 introduced wheat cultivars were used for identifying seedling resistance gene for leaf rust at seedling stage and slow rusting resistance at adult stage. At seedling stage 20 Puccinia triticina pathotypes with virulent genes were used to inoculate the 50 introduced cultivars and 36 differential cultivars with known leaf rust resistance genes for postulating seedling genes present in these cultivars. Molecular marker were also used to test the cultivars for further confirming the results based on gene postulation.These cultivars were also tested for slow rusting resistance in field in two consecutive years at two locations.The results based on gene postulation and molecular marker detection showed that each of Lr1 and Lr26 were identified in five cultivars. Insijnia,Palpich,MV laura,Mason/jagger and Re7145 contained Lr1,while Lr26 were found in Insijnia,Tx03a0148,F98047j14-2inc,T67/X84w063-9-45/K92 and Mason/jagger.Based on gene postulation and molecular marker,Lr34 were detected in 13 cultivars(Hk1/6/Nvsr3/5bez/tvr,Tx03a0148,Palpich,Kanto107,MV laura,F92080g1-1/F93042g2-1,Mv05-08,Norin61,Bruta,Aca801,F98047j14-2inc,T67/X84w063-9-45//K92 and Mason/jagger)and Lr37 were present in 11 cultivars(Nidera baguette 10,Insijnia,Nsa09-3645,Soissons,Aztec,Carimulti,Mason/jagger,Re714,Kniish-46,Nuwest/4/D887-74/pew/and Fr03733).Lr46 was detected in 45 cultivars(Sagittario,Hk1/6/Nvsr3/5bez/tvr,Insijnia,Fr03717,Dorico etc.).Lr18 was present in two cultivars(T67/X84w063-9-45//K92 and Re7145) and three cultivars (Fr03724,Fr3713 and T67/X84w063-9-45//K92) contained Lr21.Lr36 was found only in T67/X84w063-9-45//K92.19cultivars(Mv05-08, Fr03725,Re714,Fr03717,Fr03724 etc.) slowed rusting resistance in the field trials.

    Effects of 31.9% Imidacloprid·Tebuconazole Suspension Seed Coating Agent on Growth of the Main Wheat Varieties in Henan Province
    SU Wangcang, HAO Hongdan, XU Hongle, SUN Lanlan, ZHOU Pu, WU Renhai, XUE Fei
    2019, 48(12):  89-97.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.013
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    To study the safety of 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent on the main wheat varieties in Henan Province, demonstration test of wheat seed dressing with 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent was conducted,and the effects on the growth and development of wheat were investigated.The result showed that 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent had no harm to the tested wheat at the recommended dosage(31.9%imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent:Wheat seed was 4 mL∶1 kg).Wheat seed dressing with 31.9% I imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent could improve the emergence rates of Qiule 2122,Zhoumai 27,Xinong 979,Yumai 158,Aikang 58,Jimai No.4,Kaimai 21,Fanmai No.8 and Fengdecunmai No.1 significantly,the emergence rates were 90%,98%,89%,96%,96%,70%,83%,98% and 81%,respectively,while the emergence rates without 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent were 75%,86%,82%,72%,89%,62%,76%,78% and 69%,respectively.The investigation of the basic seedling number showed that seed dressing with 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent had no adverse effect on the emergence of the tested wheat varieties.Wheat seed dressing with 31.9% imidacloprid · tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent could improve the tillering number and the fresh weight of the overground part of Yumai 158,Bainong 207 and Tianmin 198,indicating that it could promote the growth of wheat plants.The tillering numbers were 5,4 and 4,respectively,while the tillering numbers without 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent were 4, 3 and 3, respectively.The fresh weights of the overground part were 8.31,8.25 and 7.10 g,respectively,while the fresh weight of the overground part without 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent were 6.62,6.11 and 5.72 g,respectively.The root number,root length and the fresh weight of the underground part of Xinong 979 and Zhoumai 22 were improved after seed dressing with 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent,indicating that it could promote the growth of wheat root.The root numbers were 11 and 10,respectively,while the root numbers without 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent were 9 and 8,respectively.The root lengths were 11.8 and 11.4 cm,respectively,while the root lengths without 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent were 10.2 and 10.1 cm,respectively.The fresh weights of the underground part were 0.91 and 0.65 g,respectively,while the fresh weights of the underground part without 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent were 0.81 and 0.45 g,respectively.In summary, it can be seen that 31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent is safe for the main wheat varieties in Henan Province dressing with the recommended dosage(31.9% imidacloprid·tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent ∶Wheat seed was 4 mL∶1 kg),and has a certain promotion effect on the growth of wheat.

    Horticulture
    Differential Expression Pattern of ANS Genes in Different Color Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)
    LIU Hongfang, CHEN Fabo, LI Wenbo, FANG Ping
    2019, 48(12):  98-102.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.014
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    To explore the relationship between expression level of ANS gene and pigment content in different color radish,sixteen radish varieties with different color fleshy roots were collected as materials and their expression levels of ANS gene were detected from cDNA samples using real-time PCR technology,as well as their pigments content were determined.Subsequently,the relationship between expression level of ANS gene and the content of pigment was explored.The results showed that,the content of pigment(F=114.294 0,P=0.000 1) and expression level of ANS gene(F=95.984 0,P=0.000 1)were both significantly changed in different color radish respectively. Especially it was found that the content of pigment and expression level of ANS gene were both significantly higher in red radish(23.80‰,6.439 0)than those in white radish(0.10‰,0.126 8); In addition,the correlation analysis between expression level of ANS gene and content of pigment in different color radish was conducted,and it was found that their correlation reached extremely significant level and correlation coefficient was 0.83.it was inferred that ANS gene might be one of key regulators in pigment synthesis of radish.
    Bioinformatics Analysis of AkSAP Protein from Actinidia kolomikta
    LIU Dan, LI Ranhong, CHEN Xin, WANG Lifeng
    2019, 48(12):  103-108.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.015
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    To obtain information about zinc finger protein(AkSAP) from Actinidia kolomikta,the bioinformatics methods and tools were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties,hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity,transmenbranne structure,structure and function domain,secondary structure,tertiary structure,protein modification sites and homology of AkSAP from Actinidia kolomikta.The results showed that,the length of AkSAP cDNA was 2 089 bp with 1 431 bp coding area to code 477 amino acids. AkSAP was a unstable and hydrophilic protein belonging to the SAP superfamily(ID:10488483).The analysis also demonstrated that main component of AkSAP was alpha-helix and random coil and it contained the SAP domain which was specific for zinc finger protein. Compaired to SAPs of other 17 plants, AkSAP had near relationship with Actinidia chinensis var.chinensis.
    Effect of Interaction Breeding between Watermelon and Different Crops on Seedling Quality
    LI Xiaohui, CHANG Gaozheng, KANG Liyun, GAO Ningning, WU Zhanqing, LIANG Shen, LI Hailun, CHENG Zhiqiang, WANG Huiying, XU Xiaoli, ZHAO Weixing
    2019, 48(12):  109-113.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.016
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    To investigate the growth-promoting effect of interaction breeding between different crops and watermelon on watermelon seedlings,early ripening and medium-late ripening watermelon were used as materials. Four treatments were set which were interaction between watermelon and wheat,watermelon and Chinese spring onion, watermelon and garland chrysanthemum, and watermelon as the control.The growth,chlorophyll content,root activity and root absorption area of the seedlings in the period of four leaves with an apical bud were measured,and the survival time and recover period departing from the seedling bed were compared.The results showed that the interaction of the three crops and different types of watermelon seedlings could improve the root activity and chlorophyll content of seedlings.The SPAD value and root activity of the interaction treatment between medium-late ripening watermelon and garland chrysanthemum were increased by 4.94% and 68.56% respectively.The total absorption area and active absorption area of watermelon seedling roots of different interaction treatments was increased,and the survival time of the watermelon seedling was lengthened,the recovery period were shortened after bed out,and interplanting with wheat and garland chrysanthemum could prolong survival time by 1.4 to 1.9 days and shorten recover period by 0.8 to 1.2 days.Seen from the differences between crops,garland chrysanthemum had the strongest promoting effect on watermelon seedling,wheat was second and Chinese spring onion was relatively weak. Seen from the varieties of watermelon,the promoting effect of three crops on seedling showed that the medium-late ripening watermelon was better than the early ripening watermelon.

    Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
    Preparation and Identification of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against Classical Swine Fever Virus
    LIU Yunchao, CHEN Yumei, FENG Lili, WANG Lei, WANG Jucai, LU Dongfeng, ZHANG Gaiping
    2019, 48(12):  114-120.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.017
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    In order to obtain neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against classical swine fever virus(CSFV),BABL/c mice were immunized with purified CSFV and CSFV E2 protein from baculovirus expression system, respectively.Monoclonal antibodies against CSFV were prepared by hybridoma cell fusion.Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay(IPMA) was established for screening and identification of monoclonal antibodies.After subcloning and screening,four monoclonal hybridoma cell lines with stable secretion of anti-CSFV monoclonal antibody, including 5D1, 8H7, 9A1 and 13B2, were successfully obtained.Four monoclonal antibodies light chain were identified to belong to kappa type,of which 5D1,8H7,13B2 were IgG1,and 9A1 was IgG2c.The ascites titers of four monoclonal antibodies detected by indirect ELISA ranged from 2.56×105 to 1.02×106.The titers of IPMA were 6.4×104,1.28×105,2.56×105 and 1.28×105,respectively.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot showed that all four monoclonal antibodies could react specifically with CSFV E2 protein which was obtained from prokaryotic expression system and baculovirus expression system. IPMA detection showed that all four monoclonal antibodies could react specifically with CSFV.There was no cross-reaction with BVDV,PCV2 and PRRSV.Viral neutralization test confirmed that 13B2 had neutralization activity,and the neutralization titer was 1.28× 104.In conclusion, four hybridoma cell lines secreting specific anti-CSFV antibodies were successfully screened in this study, among which monoclonal antibody 13B2 had the activity of neutralizing CSFV infection.

    Screening,Identification and Probiotic Properties Assessment of Swine Lactic Acid Bacteria with Biofilm
    JIN Shengnan, SHU Huiping, ZHANG Dongxing, KANG Yuanhuan, SHAN Xiaofeng, QIAN Aidong
    2019, 48(12):  121-127.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.018
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    In this study,lactic acid bacteria were isolated from healthy swine stool and the function and safety of isolates were evaluated,aiming to screen lactic acid bacteria strains which were beneficial to the growth of swine.The results showed that two stains of lactic acid bacteria that exhibited antagonistic activity against some pathogens(such as Escherichia coli) were obtained. Moreover,one strain L-8 that possessed strong biofilm forming ability among the isolates was obtained.The isolated L-8 strain was identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii,and it possessed the ability of acid production,could tolerate the gastric pH value 4.0—10.0 and intestinal 1% trypsin environment.Moreover,the isolated L-8 strain had certain adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2), good survival viability and growth performance.Furthermore,the isolate L-8 strain was safe and not pathogenic to mice.In conclusion,isolate L-8 strain has potential probiotic properties and development prospects as probiotics for swine.
    Effects of Soybean Peptide on Production Performance,Immune Organ Index and Blood Biochemical Index of Brooding Chicken
    MENG Keai, LIU Xiaofei, MA Yuyong
    2019, 48(12):  128-132.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.019
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    In order to explore the effect of soybean peptide on brooding chicken,in the experiment,three hundred and sixty 1-day-old healthy chickens were randomly divided into four groups and each group with three repeats,every repeats with 30 chickens. Chickens in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental B,C,D groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 0.4%,0.8%,1.2% soybean peptide.And the growth performance,immune function and blood biochemical indexes of different treatments were determined.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed that adding soybean peptide could improve the daily weight of brooding chicken,and decrease the ratio of feed to meat.The average weights of group B and group C were higher,of which 42 days’ weights respectively were up to 350.95 g and 349.95 g,and were significantly higher than that were group A.The ratio of feed to meat of group C was the lowest(2.48),which was significantly lower than that group A.Adding soybean peptide could improve the immune organs index of brooding chicken. Addition of soybean peptide showed a trend of increasing blood Ca content,decreasing total cholesterol content and increasing alkaline phosphatase,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity of brooding chicken.The optimum addition amount of soybean peptide was 0.8%.
    Agricultural Information and Engineering and Agricultural Product Processing
    Comparative on the Extraction of Components of Tobacco Leaf Sweet and Sour Taste Components and Its Sensory Evaluation
    LIU Zhikai, ZHANG Qidong, CHAI Guobi, SHEN Yujun, LIU Pengfei, BAO Fengyu
    2019, 48(12):  133-139.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.020
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    In order to discuss the aroma effect to the tobacco leaves of key sweet and sour taste components. Took the upper orange 2 (B2F),the middle orange 3 (C3F),the lower orange 2 (X2F) 3 parts of the flue-cured tobacco Zhongyan 100 as raw materials and used gel permeation chromatography to get four taste sensory as sweet,sour,spicy and bitter components,then studied the main components taste active value in the sweet and sour sensory components in different parts of tobacco leaves in 5 tobaccoplanting region of Henan Province, and finally added the key sweet and sour taste components to unblended cigarette and evaluated their aroma effect in cigarettes.The results showed that,each 100 g flue-cured tobacco had 1.3 g sweet sensory components,5.0 g sour sensory components,6.7 g spicy sensory components,2.3 g bitter sensory components.Fructose contributed the most to the sweet sensory components in different parts of the tobacco leaves and in most areas, followed by glucose.The contribution of malic acid to the sour sensory components in different parts of the tobacco leaves in all region was much higher than that of other components.In terms of aroma effect,the key sweet and sour taste sensory components could enhance the sour sensory,and could reduce such as smell-bean flavor and bitter sensory,etc.in unblended cigarette.

    Effects of Harvest Periods on the Storability of Tunisia Soft-seeded Pomegranate#br#
    HU Qingxia, FENG Mengchen, SI Xiaoli, ZHOU Peng, CHEN Yanhui, LIU Zhenzhen, HU Yue
    2019, 48(12):  140-145.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.021
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    Tunisia soft-seeded pomegranate were harvested at two periods: commercial maturity and maturity 8 d earlier than commercial maturity, then stored at (4±1)℃.Its quality indexes were determined to study the effects of the different harvest periods on postharvest quality, and to provide appropriate harvest period for fruits to storage. The results showed that the fruits harvested at appropriate earlier time could maintain the best quality for 60 d,while for the fruits harvested at commercial maturity,only 30 d.During storage, SSC and TA contents decreased all.Relatively, TA content of the earlier harvested fruits decreased slower during the beginning storage,so the flavor was more preferable.After 60 d’s storage,anthocyanin content rose sharply in both maturity fruits,at the same time the color and the gloss became deterioration. For appropriate earlier harvested fruits,the anthocyanin content was lower.When the EC of pomegranate peel decreased or presented stable,fruit appearance showed better,but when the EC rose persistently or wavelike,showed husk scald.So did the EC of the aril,and for the earlier harvested fruits, the decreased time lasted for 45 d,15 d longer than that of commercial fruits.So,pomegranate used to storage may harvest earlier to prolong the storage life,and to delay the deterioration of the quality.

    Effect of Preharvest Boron Treatments on Suli Pear during Storage
    NIU Jiajia, ZHANG Sipu, GUO Chaofeng, XU Zhenyu
    2019, 48(12):  146-151.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.022
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    In order to improve the fruit quality and storage performance of Jindingxiehuasu pear in semiunderground ventilation storeroom L value,the changes of fruit quality and storage index during storage were studied after boron spraying on the leaves preharvest with Jindingxiehuasu pear of Ningling as test material.The results showed that preharvest boron treatment could effectively improve the skin color,maintain fruit hardness,increase soluble solid content,and inhibit POD,PPO activity and MDA content accumulation.In harvest time,the Lvalue of each treatment was higher than that of the control,3 g/L boron treatment had the highest peel brightness L value(69.13),2 g/L boron treatment had the highest fruit hardness(27.28%),2 g/L boron treatment had the highest TSS content(13. 3%),and 2 g/L boron treatment had the lowest MDA content(2.70 mmol/g).When stored for 180 days,2 g/L of boron treated fruits had the highest hardness,which was 5.20 kg/ cm2,and the lowest in control,which was 4.22 kg/cm2.The control had the highest POD and PPO activity,which were 9.57 U/ (min·g) and 158.0 U/(min·g),respectively.Fruits treated with 1 g/L of boron had the lowest PPO activity,which was 62.8 U/(min·g).MDA content in fruits treated with boron at 2 g/L was the lowest(5.62 mmol/g) and the control was highest(6.67 mmol/g).On the whole,all indexes of 2 g/L boron treatment performed well,which was the optimal concentration of boric fertilizer applied before harvesting in the trial.
    Application of Data Acquisition System for Phenotypic Traits in Maize Regional Experiment
    ZANG Hecang, WANG Yanjing, ZHAO Qiaoli, LI Guoqiang, ZHENG Guoqing
    2019, 48(12):  152-156.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.023
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    The regional test of maize varieties was an important link in the breeding and promotion of superior varieties, test identification results could provide detailed scientific basis for the certification and approval of maize varieties.At present,with the acceleration of the selection and breeding process of new maize varieties,a large number of new varieties passed the national and provincial certification each year,and the number of varieties tested increased year by year, leading to the working amount of test data acquisition became larger. However, the traditional data collection methods for phenotypic traits were backward,recording data taken time and effort,and data management standards were not standard,which couldn’t meet the actual needs of regional test production and management informatization of maize.A data acquisition system of maize phenotypic traits was constructed,which realized the rapid collection of maize phenotypic traits data and provided reference for the rapid acquisition of phenotypic traits information of other crops.The test results showed that,compared with manual recording method,the data acquisition system of maize phenotypic traits hand-held terminal APP could save time 70.8%,eliminated the process of photograph,data entry,professional rename,and improved the efficiency of data acquisition.The system had the characteristics of simple deployment,convenient operation,strong practicability,flexible setting and friendly interface,which could be extended to other types of crops and has a good application prospect.

    Research on Maximum Light Use Efficiency Based on CASA-VPM Model
    LIU Jianfeng, CHEN Lin, MENG Qi, WANG Xuan, WANG Yuanzheng, WANG Laigang, ZHANG Xiwang
    2019, 48(12):  157-163.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.024
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    By comprehensively utilizing CASA and the VPM models,the estimation method of εmax value was studied on the pixel scale,to improve the spatial precision of εmax value,and provide technical support for guiding agricultural production and developing precision agriculture.Taking Henan Province as research area,NPP value was calculated by combining with CASA model and relational model using MODIS data.Further combined VPM model,εmax value was obtained.Finally,the land use data was used to carry out the temporal and spatial analysis of the εmax values for the four vegetation cover types,i.e.forest,grass,paddy field and dry land. And the influence of related environmental factors on εmax value was also explored.The results showed that,the value of εmax was between 0.000 and 4.796 g/MJ during 2001 and 2015.And it was spatially higher in the northwest and southwest,and in other regions was low.On the monthly scale change,all types of vegetation cover reached the peak value between June and August.The εmax value of dry land showed obvious bimodal distribution,which was consistent with the cropping system of yield two crops a year in Henan Province.Among the four vegetation cover types,the leaves of forest for photosynthesis were denser and larger,so εmax value was significantly higher.Among environmental impact factors,fertilizer application amount(convert into purification),carbon dioxide content,vegetation water content index and effective irrigation area showed a significant positive correlation with εmax value,and the correlation coefficients were 0.66,0.61,0.56 and 0.53,respectively.It can be seen that the change of εmax value was the result of the combined effects of natural and human factors.The results indicate that an appropriate increase in human influence can increase the utilization of light energy at the critical stage of crop growth,thereby increasing crop production potential and yield.

    Construction of Collection,Monitoring and Warning System for Crop Pests Information Based on Technology Internet of Things
    ZHAO Qing, ZANG Hecang, ZHANG Jie, HU Feng, WANG Meng, ZHANG Jiantao, LI Guoqiang
    2019, 48(12):  164-169.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.025
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    For enhancing the efficiency in crop pests investigation,reducing the data re-entry workload of investigated information,improving the timeliness of pest sexual attraction monitoring and forecasting,and promoting the totality efficiency of pests detection and reporting finally, it was the traditional application of pest sexual attraction that ameliorated by a insect remote sexual attraction forecast device developed with IOT technology, such as long-range photographing, remote communication, image processing.It was the informatization for collecting pests information in field that realized by developing pest information field collection APP terminal based on Android(APP terminal for short).On the basis of remoting sexual attraction images collection and APP terminal,a pest information database has been built,and a collection,monitoring&warning system for crop pests has been set up.With application of the system,it was convenient for grassroots plant protection technicians to collect or check pest data,and release a pest early warning,thereupon then realized the informatization of the crop pests monitoring and warning.
    Contents
    Contents
    2019, 48(12):  170. 
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