河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 56-68.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.007

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省芝麻种植气候适宜度时空变化研究

胡峰1,张建涛1,张杰1,高桐梅2,赵巧丽1,郑国清1,李国强1,刘立杰3   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所/农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,河南 郑州 450002;2.河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南 郑州 450002;3.新乡市农业农村局,河南 新乡 453000)
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-08 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 李国强(1984-),男,河南林州人,研究员,博士,主要从事农业信息技术与智慧农业相关研究。E-mail:gqli@hnagri.org.cn
  • 作者简介:胡峰(1979-),男,河北高碑店人,助理研究员,本科,主要从事水氮高效利用与农业物联网研究。E-mail:fengen@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110117,232102110295);河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所科技创新领军人才培育计划项目(2021KJCX02)

Study on Spatio‑Temporal Variation of Climatic Suitability of Sesame Planting in Henan Province

HU Feng1,ZHANG Jiantao1,ZHANG Jie1,GAO Tongmei2,ZHAO Qiaoli1,ZHENG Guoqing1,LI Guoqiang1,LIU Lijie3   

  1. (1.Agricultural Economy and Information Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Huang‑Huai‑Hai Smart Agricultural Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;3.Xinxiang Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453000,China)
  • Received:2023-02-08 Published:2023-08-15 Online:2023-08-29

摘要: 为明确河南省芝麻气候适宜度时空分布特点,指导芝麻生产布局,根据芝麻光温水需求规律,采用模糊数学方法,构建芝麻生长发育气候适宜度模型,并利用河南省15个气象监测站点1961—2019年逐日气象数据,计算芝麻温度、光照、降水适宜度和综合气候适宜度。结果表明,15个站点芝麻温度适宜度(0.938~0.956)>光照适宜度(0.568~0.657)>降水适宜度(0.492~0.595),综合气候适宜度为0.641~0.712。1961—2019年,河南省芝麻光照适宜度和综合气候适宜度呈显著下降趋势,每10 a分别下降0.032和0.012;温度适宜度和降水适宜度变化趋势不显著。光照、降水适宜度和综合气候适宜度从北往南逐渐降低,而温度适宜度从西北往东南逐渐增加。可见,河南省芝麻温度适宜度较高,热量资源丰富;光照适宜度随年份降低,光照资源逐渐不利于芝麻生长;降水适宜度较低,降水是限制河南芝麻生产的主要气象因子。在河南芝麻生产中,巩固豫东南驻马店、周口等芝麻传统产区的优势,扩大气候适宜度高值区域豫北、豫东的种植范围,同时完善排灌配套设施,对提高芝麻气候资源利用率,保证河南芝麻稳产增产具有重要意义。

关键词: 芝麻, 气候指标, 气候适宜度, 气候变化, 河南省

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the climatic suitability of sesame in Henan Province and to guide the layout of sesame production by establishing climate suitability models for sesame growth using fuzzy mathematics method based on the light,temperature,and water requirements of sesame.The temperature,light,precipitation,and comprehensive climate suitability of sesame were calculated using the daily meteorological data of 15 meteorological stations in Henan from 1961 to 2019.The results showed that temperature suitability(0.938—0.956)was higher than light suitability(0.568—0.657)and precipitation suitability(0.492—0.595)of sesame in 15 stations in Henan Province,and the comprehensive climate suitability was 0.641—0.712.From 1961 to 2019,the light and comprehensive climate suitability of sesame in Henan Province showed asignificant downward trend,decreasing by 0.032 and 0.012 every 10 years.The change trends of temperature and precipitation suitability were not significant.The light,precipitation,and comprehensive climate suitability decreased gradually from north to south,while the temperature suitability increased gradually from northwest to southeast. The findings suggest that the temperature suitability of Henan sesame is higher and the heat resources are rich,the light suitability is gradually decreasing and not conducive to the growth of sesame,the precipitation suitability is the lowest,and precipitation is the main climatic factor that restricts the production of sesame in Henan.In the production of Henan sesame,it is of great significance to consolidate the advantages of traditional sesame producing areas such as Zhumadian and Zhoukou in southeastern Henan,expand the planting range of high climate suitability areas such as northern and eastern Henan,improve the irrigation and drainage facilities to improve the utilization rate of sesame climate resources and ensure the stable yield and yield increase of Henan sesame.

Key words: Sesame, Meteorological indicator, Climate suitability, Climate change, Henan Province

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