关键词: 玉米, 自交系, 遗传多样性, 群体结构, DUS测试, 黄淮海地区

Abstract: Based on the 39 basic characters in the DUS test guide of maize，the genetic diversity and population structure of 100 test inbred lines and 9 typical inbred lines were analyzed，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of maize germplasm resources and the improvement of breeding efficiency in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region. The results showed that the average allelic variation of all characters in 109 inbred lines was 5.026，with a range of 1—9；The mean effective allelic variation was 2.919，with a range of 1.000—6.053；The average Shannon index was 1.133，with a range of 0.000—1.928.The diversity of supporting root color intensity（Chr.22）was the highest，followed by filament color intensity（Chr.9），and the diversity of top traits of the first leaf（Chr.1）was the lowest.The effective allelic variation of 48.72% characters was greater than 2.919，and the Shannon index of 61.54% characters was greater than 1.133.The clustering analysis results indicated that the genetic background of maize germplasm in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region was relatively rich.The 109 materials were clustered into 5 groups，except group D which contained 9 inbred lines with the smallest number，the other 4 groups had basically the same number of inbred lines，and group D had a relatively small proportion of genetic similarity coefficient in other groups.The genetic distance among the five groups
varied from 0.200 to 0.665，the genetic distance between group D and group B was the greatest with 0.665，followed by the genetic distance between group D and group C（0.586）；The genetic distance between group C and group B was the smallest with 0.200，followed by the genetic distance between group E and group A（0.212）.

Key words: Maize, Inbred line, Genetic diversity, Population structure, DUS test, Huang‐Huai‐Hai region