河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 66-73.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

豆科绿肥还田及氮肥减施对黄壤玉米生长的影响

魏全全,张萌,柳玲玲,顾小凤,秦松,芶久兰   

  1. (贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵州 贵阳 550006)
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-28 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 芶久兰(1980-),女,贵州遵义人,研究员,主要从事作物养分管理等方面的研究。E-mail:150046390@qq.com
  • 作者简介:魏全全(1987-),男,山东济宁人,助理研究员,主要从事作物营养与现代施肥技术、农业生态研究。E-mail:weiquan0725@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般180);国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)

Effects of Leguminous Green Manure Return and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Maize Growth in Yellow Soil

WEI Quanquan,ZHANG Meng,LIU Lingling,GU Xiaofeng,QIN Song,GOU Jiulan   

  1. (Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550006,China)
  • Received:2023-02-28 Published:2023-04-15 Online:2023-05-15

摘要: 为研究氮肥减施情况下绿肥还田对贵州黄壤玉米产量、养分吸收与利用的影响,设置不同处理[不施氮肥(0%N)、单施氮肥(100%N)、90% 氮肥(90%N)、80% 氮肥+绿肥(80%NM)、70% 氮肥+绿肥(70%NM)、60%氮肥+绿肥(60%NM)和50%氮肥+绿肥(50%NM)],于2018—2019年连续2 a在贵州省黔西市定位开展田间试验。结果表明,与0%N处理相比,施氮能显著增加玉米产量、生物量和养分累积量。氮肥减施20%配合绿肥还田能起到稳产或小幅增产的效果,80%NM处理玉米产量2018、2019年分别为10 437、10 554 kg/hm2,比100%N处理高54、55 kg/hm2,但差异不显著;能维持或略微提高玉米生物量,80%NM处理玉米生物量2018、2019年分别为18 083、18 239 kg/hm2,比100%N处理高153、187 kg/hm2,但差异不显著。2018、2019年氮、磷和钾累积量均以80%NM处理为最高,分别为161.05、37.40、144.54 kg/hm2以及165.79、38.58、149.45 kg/hm2。氮素农学效率(AEN)、氮素偏生产力(PEPN)和氮素吸收利用效率(REN)2018、2019 年均分别以80%NM、50%NM 和80%NM 处理最大,分别为21.18、85.33 kg/kg 和50.45%以及24.72、82.89 kg/kg和57.86%。当氮肥减施超过30%后,绿肥还田后玉米产量、生物量、养分累积均低于100%N处理,但70%NM处理玉米产量和90%N处理相当。综合来看,豆科绿肥还田替代20%的化学氮肥,可维持玉米较高产量,在豆科绿肥还田基础上,推荐正常氮肥用量的80%即120 kg/hm2为贵州黄壤玉米的最适氮肥施用量。

关键词: 绿肥, 氮肥减施, 黄壤, 玉米, 生长

Abstract: To explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with the application of green manure on maize yield,nutrient absorption,and utilization in Guizhou yellow soil,a 2⁃year field experiment with different treatments([no nitrogen fertilizer(0%N),single nitrogen fertilizer(100%N),90% nitrogen fertilizer(90%N),80% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure(80%NM),70% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure(70%NM),60% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure(60%NM)and 50% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure(50%NM)])was conducted in Qianxi City,Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019.The results showed that,compared with 0%N,nitrogen application could significantly increase maize yield,biomass and nutrient accumulation. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 20% combined with green manure returning to the field could achieve a stable or slightly increased yield.The maize yields of 80%NM treatment in 2018 and 2019 were 10 437 and 10 554 kg/ha,respectively,54 and 55 kg/ha higher than those of 100%N treatment,but the difference was not significant.It could maintain or slightly increase the biomass of maize.The biomasses of maize of 80%NM in 2018 and 2019 were 18 083 and 18 239 kg/ha,respectively,153 and 187 kg/ha higher than those of 100%NM,but the differences were not significant. In 2018 and 2019,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium of 80%NM treatment was the highest,with 161.05,37.40,144.54 kg/ha and 165.79,38.58,149.45 kg/ha,respectively.Nitrogen agronomic efficiency(AEN),nitrogen partial productivity(PEPN),and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency(REN)were the highest in 80%NM,50%NM,and 80%NM,respectively both in 2018 and 2019,with 21.18 kg/kg,85.33 kg/kg,50.45% and 24.72 kg/kg,82.89 kg/kg,57.86%,respectively. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by more than 30%,the yield,biomass and nutrient accumulation of maize after returning green manure to the field were lower than that of 100%N,but the yield of maize of 70%NM was equivalent to that of 90%N.Overall,returning green manure to the field can replace 20% chemical nitrogen fertilizer,which could maintain a high yield of maize.On the basis of returning green manure to field,120 kg/ha(80% normal nitrogen fertilizer amount)is recommended as the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application amount for maize season in Guizhou yellow soil.

Key words: Green manure, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Yellow soil, Maize, Growth

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