河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 118-126.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.013

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

氯盐品种及其浓度对西瓜生长与根系活力的影响

柳雪1,王西娜1,李雪芳1,郝雯悦1,霍庆柱1,谭军利2   

  1. (1.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021;2.宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏 银川 750021)
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-03 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 王西娜(1978-),女,陕西华阴人,副教授,博士,主要从事植物营养高效利用与调控研究。E-mail:eunicexina‑w@163.com
  • 作者简介:柳雪(1995-),女,甘肃定西人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:农业资源与环境。E-mail:2537531809@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31860590,31460546);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03090,2022AAC02013)

Effects of Chloride Varieties and Concentration on Watermelon Growth and Root Vitality

LIU Xue1,WANG Xina1,LI Xuefang1,HAO Wenyue1,HUO Qingzhu1,TAN Junli2   

  1. (1.School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;2.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
  • Received:2022-12-03 Published:2023-03-15 Online:2023-04-14

摘要: 针对宁夏中部干旱带西瓜种植中长期采用含氯微咸水灌溉导致土壤中累积大量氯离子(Cl),抑制忌氯作物西瓜生长发育的问题,探索氯对西瓜的毒害机制,为安全利用含氯肥料及含氯微咸水、调控西瓜氯毒害提供理论依据。以金城5号西瓜为供试作物,通过水培试验,研究了不同氯盐品种(NaCl、NH4Cl、CaCl2、KCl)及其浓度对西瓜植株生物量、根冠比、根系丙二醛(MDA)含量、根系活力、根系Cl含量及NO3-含量的影响。结果表明,不同氯盐及其浓度对西瓜根系生长的影响均存在差异。相比不施氯对照,中浓度和高浓度(80 mmol/L和160 mmol/L)NaCl、NH4Cl、CaCl2、KCl处理的根系NO3-含量分别降低44.16%~47.95%和35.96%~49.62%,Cl含量分别增加0.71~1.34倍和1.24~1.86倍,地上、地下部鲜质量降低41.39%~57.78%、31.31%~44.73% 和57.28%~72.13%、49.35%~67.38%,NaCl处理未显著影响MDA含量,其他氯化物处理MDA含量显著降低31.87%~45.05%和25.27%~28.57%;对于不同氯化物,NaCl处理较其他氯化物处理加重氧化损失,NH4Cl处理在一定程度上促进Cl-吸收,中浓度CaCl2处理下的西瓜根系活力较其他氯化物显著增加41.18%~104.17%,地下部干质量较其他氯化物增加36.00%~112.50%;相关分析表明,鲜质量和干质量与Cl和NO3-含量明显相关。可见,外源氯会通过增加根系Cl含量而减少NO3-含量,从而降低根系活力,抑制根系生长,并且伴随离子不同,氯对西瓜的抑制程度和机制不同。以CaCl2和KCl作氯盐处理对西瓜根系生长的毒害作用小于NaCl和NH4Cl处理。

关键词: 氯盐品种, NaCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2, KCl, 氯浓度, 根系活力, 丙二醛, NO3-, 西瓜, 水培试验

Abstract: To explore the toxic mechanism of chlorine on watermelon,and to provide theoretical basis for the safe utilization of chlorine‑containing fertilizer and chlorine‑containing brackish water,the effects of different chloride varieties and concentration on root biomass,malondialdehyde content,root activity,Clcontent and NO3-content of watermelon Jincheng No.5 were studied through hydroponic experiment.The results showed that the growth of watermelon root system was affected by both different chlorine varieties and concentrations.Compared with the control without chlorination,the NO3-content in roots treated with NaCl,NH4Cl,CaCl2 and KCl decreased by 44.16%—47.95% and 35.96%—49.62%,respectively,at medium and high concentrations(80 mmol/L and 160 mmol/L).The content of Cl− increased by 0.71—1.34 times and 1.24—1.86 times,respectively,and the aboveground and underground fresh weight decreased by 41.39%—57.78%,31.31%—44.73% and 57.28%—72.13%,49.35%—67.38%.NaCl treatment did not significantly affect the content of MDA.Other chlorides significantly reduced MDA content by 31.87%—45.05% and 25.27%—28.57%.For different chlorides,NaCl treatment aggravated oxidation loss compared with other chlorides,and NH4Cl treatment promoted Cl-absorption to a certain extent.Watermelon root activity significantly increased by 41.18%—104.17% under medium‑concentration CaCl2 treatment compared with other chlorides.The underground dry weight increased by 36.00%—112.50% compared with other chlorides.Correlation analysis showed that fresh weight and dry weight were significantly correlated with Cland NO3-content.We can conclude that exogenous chlorine can reduce NO3-content by increasing Clcontent in roots,thus reducing root vitality and inhibiting root growth.With different ions,the inhibition degree and mechanism of chlorine on watermelon are different. The toxic effect of CaCl2 and KCl on watermelon root growth was less than that of NaCl and NH4Cl.

Key words: Chlorine source varieties, NaCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2, KCl, Chlorine concentration, Root activity, Malondialdehyde, NO3-, atermelon, Hydroponics experiment

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