河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 102-111.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.011

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜对4 种杂草种子的化感抑制效应及田间应用

全威1,郑成忠2,东保柱1,孟焕文1,孙瑞锋3,周洪友1   

  1. (1.内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;2.内蒙古乌兰察布市农林科学研究所,内蒙古乌 兰察布012000;3.鄂尔多斯市万通农牧业科技有限公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017000)
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-08 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-09-13
  • 通讯作者: 周洪友(1968-),男,内蒙古兴安盟人,教授,博士,主要从事有害生物综合防治研究。E-mail:hongyouzhou2002@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:全威(1998-),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:有害生物综合防治。E-mail:851500987@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-07-C-3)

Allelopathic Inhibition Effect of Brassica campestris L.Aqueous Extract on Four Kinds of Weeds and Field Application

QUAN Wei1,ZHENG Chengzhong2,DONG Baozhu1,MENG Huanwen1,SUN Ruifeng3,ZHOU Hongyou1   

  1. (1.College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;2.Ulanqab Institute of Agriculture and Forestry,Ulanqab 012000,China;3.Ordos Wantong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 017000,China)
  • Received:2022-03-08 Published:2022-07-15 Online:2022-09-13

摘要: 为明确油菜对农田常见杂草的化感作用,为农田杂草绿色防控提供新思路,采用种子萌发生长试验研究油菜水浸提液对反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、藜(Chenopodium album)、野稷(Panicum miliaceum)4种杂草的化感作用,并通过油菜-燕麦间作验证油菜在燕麦田的除草效果。室内试验结果表明,0.10、0.15 g/mL油菜浸提液处理下4种杂草种子的发芽势、发芽指数与活力指数较CK(无菌水处理)均显著降低。0.15 g/mL油菜浸提液总体上显著抑制了4种杂草的胚轴长、胚根长、鲜质量,但在0.05 g/mL油菜浸提液处理下,只有狗尾草的干质量较CK显著降低。油菜浸提液对4种杂草的化感综合效应大小为狗尾草>野稷>藜>反枝苋。狗尾草、藜幼苗分别经0.10、0.15 g/mL油菜浸提液处理后,超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化物酶活性较CK均显著降低,且0.10、0.15 g/mL油菜浸提液处理后,4种杂草幼苗丙二醛含量均显著提高。油菜-燕麦间作田间试验结果显示,二者间作可显著降低燕麦生长过程中杂草的种类、株数及鲜质量,与单作燕麦田相比,集宁农科院、内蒙古农业大学新校区农场2个试验点间作田杂草株防效分别达53.27%、49.74%,杂草鲜质量防效达50.74%、48.19%。综上,油菜化感效应能够改变杂草的抗氧化解活性以及丙二醛积累量,从而抑制燕麦田杂草。

关键词: 油菜, 化感作用, 除草, 抗氧化酶, 丙二醛

Abstract: To clarify the allelopathic effect of rape on common farmland weeds and provide new ideas for green control of farmland weeds,we studied the allelopathic effect of rape water extract on four weeds,Amaranthus retroflexus,Setaria viridis,Chenopodium album,Panicum miliaceum.The weeding effect of rape in the field was verified by rape‑oat intercropping system.The results showed that the germination potential,germination index and vigor index of the four weed seeds were significantly lower than those of the control(sterilized water treatment)under the treatments of 0.10 and 0.15 g/mL extract.0.15 g/mL extract inhibited the hypocotyl length,radicle length,fresh weight of four weeds,however,at the concentration of 0.05 g/mL,only the dry weight of S.viridis was significantly reduced compared to the control.The order of allelopathic effects of rape extract on four weeds was as follows:S.viridis>P.miliaceum>C. album>A. retroflexus.Compared with the control,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of S.viridis and C.album decreased significantly,and the malondialdehyde content of the four weeds increased significantly under the treatments of 0.10 and 0.15 extract.The results of rape‑oat intercropping experiment showed that the intercropping system could significantly reduce the weed species,plant number and fresh weight during oat growth period,and the controlling effects in Jingning Agricultural Institute and Inner Mongolia Agricultural University new campus farm were 53.27%,49.74% for plant number,50.74% and 48.19% for fresh weight respectively.The above results showed that the allelopathic effect of rape could change the antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde accumulation of weeds,so as to inhibit weeds in oat field.

Key words: Brassica, Allelopathy, Weed control, Antioxidant enzyme, Malondialdehyde

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