河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 84-91.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.010

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

芝麻枯萎病拮抗菌的分离、鉴定及防效研究

常淑娴,马琴,曲文文,张海洋,苗红梅,段迎辉   

  1. (河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心/河南省特色油料基因组学重点实验室,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-18 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 段迎辉(1982-),男,河南洛阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事芝麻抗病育种及病害防控研究。E-mail:duanyly@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:常淑娴(1986-),女,河南安阳人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事芝麻病害防控研究。E-mail:chsx1219@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);河南省重大科技专项(201100111200);河南省特聘研究员岗位项目(SPPP2020);河南中原科学家工作室建设项目(092101211100);河南省农业科学院杰出青年科技基金项目(2022JQ01);河南省农业科学院科技创新创意项目(2020CX02)

Isolation,Identification and Determination of Control Effect of Antagonistic Microorganisms against Sesame Fusarium Wilt

CHANG Shuxian,MA Qin,QU Wenwen,ZHANG Haiyang,MIAO Hongmei,DUAN Yinghui   

  1. (Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops
    Genomics,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2022-05-18 Published:2022-08-15 Online:2022-09-23

摘要: 由尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami,FOS)侵染引起的芝麻枯萎病是芝麻生产上的重要真菌病害。为筛选出能够应用于芝麻枯萎病生物防治的拮抗微生物,利用采自我国不同省份(区)的芝麻、荩草和紫花地丁根际土壤样品进行微生物的分离、纯化及尖孢镰刀菌拮抗作用测定,并通过室内盆栽试验验证重要拮抗菌对芝麻苗期枯萎病的防控效果;进一步结合形态学观察、生理生化特性测定以及16S rDNA序列分析,开展了拮抗菌的分类鉴定。结果表明,在来源于我国6个省份(区)的33份土壤样品中,共分离获得细菌1 077株、真菌515株、放线菌554株,筛选出对尖孢镰刀菌具有拮抗作用的细菌17株、真菌10株、放线菌51株。其中,细菌菌株SF3-33和SF4-11的拮抗作用最为显著,对尖孢镰刀菌的最大抑菌带均为1.0 cm;且其对由强致病性FOS菌株引起的芝麻苗期枯萎病的最大防效分别达到83.74% 和63.13%。SF3-33 和SF4-11 菌株分别被鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)和皮奥显亚类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus peoriae)。综上,筛选出了大量拮抗尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的根际微生物,其中细菌菌株SF3-33和SF4-11能够显著减弱芝麻苗期枯萎病的发生,为进一步探索芝麻枯萎病生物防治技术提供了具有较好应用潜力的研究材料。

关键词: 芝麻枯萎病, 尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型, 芽孢杆菌, 拮抗效果, 生物防治

Abstract: Sesame Fusarium wilt(SFW),caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami(FOS),is one of destructive fungal diseases in sesame. In order to screen antagonistic microorganisms for the biocontrol of SFW,the isolation,purification and antagonistic effect test of rhizospheric microorganisms were carried out by using root soil samples of sesame,hispid arthraxon and Chinese violet from different ecological regions in China. And the control effect of important antagonists on SFW at seedling stage was verified by pot experiment. Furthermore,the antagonistic strains were identified through morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics assay and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results showed that a total of 1 077 bacteria,515 fungi,and 554 actinomycetes strains were isolated from 33 soil samples from six provinces in China,and 17 bacteria,10 fungi,and 51 actinomycetes were screened with antagonistic effect against F.oxysporum strains.Among them two bacterial isolates,SF3⁃33 and SF4⁃11 had the most significant antagonistic effect with maximum antagonistic distance being 1.0 cm,and their maximum control effects on SFW caused by the high pathogenic FOS strains reached 83.74% and 63.13% respectively.Further,SF3⁃33 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis,while SF4⁃11 was as Paenibacillus peoriae.In conclusion,a large number of rhizosphere microorganisms are screened,which can inhibit the mycelial growth of F.oxysporum.Among them,two bacterial strains SF3⁃33 and SF4⁃11 can significantly reduce the occurrence of SFW at seedling stage,which provides the important materials with application potential for further exploring the biological control technology of SFW.

Key words: Sesame Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami, Bacillus, Antagonistic effect, Biocontrol

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