关键词: 椒, 产量性状, 双列杂交, 配合力, 遗传力

Abstract: In order to evaluate the combining ability and heredity for plant architecture and yield components，and improve the efficiency of selecting elite combinations of pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）,five parental lines（C1—C5）with different characters were used to develop 20 hybrid crosses by Griffing complete diallel crossing design，and nine agronomic traits of 25 genetypes were determined to analyze heterosis，combining ability and heritability．The results showed that the heterosis indexes of yield per plant，fruit number per plant，plant width and fruit length were higher，with the averages of up to 145.98%，131.35% 122.51% and 121.20%，respectively. The coefficients of variation of yield per plant and fruit number per plant were 31.80% and 17.78%，respectively. Analysis of combination ability showed that C2 and C4 with high general combination ability（GCA）were the optimal lines in single fruit weight and single plant yield，and the crosses C4×C5，C1×C2，C2×C3 and C4×C5，C3×C2 were determined as the excellent combinations in weight and single plant yield respeitively based on special combination ability（SCA）and reciprocal（REC）effects. The high values of broad⁃sense heritability and narrow⁃sense heritability for yield per plant and fruit width indicated that these traits were mainly controlled by additive effects，and the environmental variances of stem diameter and flesh thickness were higher than their genetic variances. The coefficients between major traits and yield per plant suggested that the yield per plant was positively correlated with single fruit weight，fruit length and fruit number per plant. In conclusion，the parental lines C2,C4 and the crosses C3×C2，C4×C5 are suitable for cultivating highly⁃yielding varieties. Pepper breeding should be focused on single fruit weight，fruit length and fruit number per plant.

Key words: Pepper, Yield trait, Diallel crossing, Combining ability, Heredity