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Changes in Physiological Characteristics and Cellular Structures of Tea Plant Leaves during Overwintering at Different Altitudes in Xinyang

ZHANG Lintao, LUO Jinlei, HUANG Shuangjie, CHEN Yi, SUN Mufang, GUO Guiyi

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (9): 61-71. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.007

Abstract （937）

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To clarify the low‑temperature stress response mechanisms of tea plants at different altitudes，we studied the Xinyang group species in the Shihe District of Xinyang City，Henan Province，at altitudes of 100 m and 600 m. We analyzed the photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，membrane lipid peroxidation levels，and tissue cell structure changes of tea leaves during the overwintering period. Results showed that during the pre‑winter（T1），mid‑winter（T2），and late‑winter（T3）stages，the net photosynthetic rate of low‑altitude tea plants was 0.6，1.5，and 1.2 times higher than that of high‑altitude tea plants，respectively. Chlorophyll content in low‑altitude plants was 36.91% and 48.19% higher than in high‑altitude plants during T2 and T3.Low‑altitude plants also exhibited more intact chloroplast structures.Throughout the overwintering period，superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity in leaves of tea plants at both altitudes first increased and then decreased，peaking in T2.During T1，T2，and T3，SOD activity in high‑altitude tea leaves was 25.20%，27.05%，and 20.59% higher than in low‑altitude tea leaves，respectively.However，catalase（CAT）activity in high‑altitude tea leaves was 27.27%，29.48%，and 26.64% lower than in low‑altitude leaves. Peroxidase（POD）activity showed a trend similar to that of CAT activity.The malondialdehyde（MDA）content of high‑altitude plants in T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of low‑altitude plants，increasing by 72.21% and 77.04%，respectively.Structural observations revealed that the mesophyll thickness of high‑altitude tea plants increased significantly in T2 and T3，rising by 10.19% and 10.47% compared to T1.The stomatal opening rate and open area of high‑altitude plants decreased significantly in T2.Compared between the two altitudes，low‑altitude tea leaves had higher cell wall thickness and stomatal density，averaging 36.92% and 22.52% higher than high‑altitude tea leaves，respectively.In conclusion，low‑altitude tea plants adapt to low‑temperature environments by maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity，as well as by enhancing cell wall and stomatal structures.In contrast，high‑altitude tea plants optimize water management by increasing mesophyll thickness and adjusting stomatal opening，although this may come at the cost of reduced photosynthetic efficiency.

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Effects of Yellow Light Treatments on Feeding Behavior of Empoasca onukii Matsuda

QIAO Li, ZHANG Tianhai, ZHOU Guotao, GUO Shibao, GENGShubao, WU Yuqing

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (5): 87-94. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.010

Abstract （748）

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The occurrence of Empoasca onukii Matsuda seriously threatens the yield and quality of tea.In order to reduce the residues of chemical pesticides，a new method for the control of tea geometrids needs to explore.The electrical penetration graph（EPG） was used to monitor the changes in the feeding behavior of E.onukii，after being exposed to five different intensities of yellow light（8，120，160，200，240 lx）and natural light（150—200 lx，control）for different periods of time（2，4，6 h）.The results showed that the feeding waveform of E.onukii was mainly composed of seven waveforms：NP，A，S，C，E，F and R.Under different light intensities and irradiation time of yellow light，the duration of NP wave was the highest，followed by E wave.With the increase of the intensity of yellow light and the extension of the irradiation time，the occurrence of NP，E，A and R waves increased.Under the treatment of irradiation for 4 h and 6 h，the duration ration of NP，F and R waves was significantly higher than that the control.When the light intensity was constant，with the extension of the light time，the duration of NP wave was prolonged，and the duration of E wave was shortened.It can be seen that the application of yellow light in tea gardens can disrupt the normal feeding behavior of E.onukii，effectively reducing its harm in tea gardens.

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Comparison of Leaf Anatomical Atructure and Stress Resistance Analysis of Wild Tea Plants in Panzhou City and Sandu County，Guizhou Province

YANG Chun, SU Shengfeng, YANG Daixing, LIANG Sihui, GUO Yan, GUO Can, CHEN Zhengwu

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (1): 48-61. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.006

Abstract （1107）

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To better develop and utilize wild tea germplasms in Panzhou City and Sandu County of Guizhou Province，a total of 24 wild tea plants distributed in the two areas were used as materials，and 23 leaf traits derived from their leaf morphology and anatomical structure characteristics were comparatively analyzed.Based on these traits and combined with the membership function method，the resistance of wild tea plants was analyzed.The results showed that there were obvious differences in leaf appearance between wild tea plants in Panzhou and Sandu. Among them，the leaf length（LL），leaf width（LW）and leaf area（LA）of wild tea plants in Panzhou were significantly larger than that of Sandu，but the leaf length‑to‑width ratio（LR）was the opposite.In addition，there were significant or extremely significant differences in 16 leaf anatomical structural traits such as leaf thickness（LT），thickness of palisade tissue（TP），cell amount（CA），main vein thickness（MVT）and density of calcium oxalate crystal（DCO）between wild tea plants in Panzhou and Sandu. Among them，the LT，TP and MVT of Panzhou wild tea plants were thicker，palisade tissue cells were more densely arranged，calcium oxalate crystals were more dense，and the thickness of upper（lower）epidermis cells was thinner.The pairwise correlation analysis of the above 23 leaf traits showed that 43 pairs of them were highly significantly positively correlated，23 pairs were significantly positively correlated，17 pairs were highly significantly negatively correlated，and 12 pairs were significantly negatively correlated. Cluster analysis showed that the 24 wild tea plants could be divided into 4 categories，with the MVT and short diameter of vascular bundle（SDV）being the main basis for the classification. The results of stress resistance evaluation showed that Panzhou wild tea plants were slightly better than Sandu wild tea plants in drought and cold resistance.According to the average membership function value，SD‑20‑2，SD‑20‑3，PZ‑05 and PZ‑09 were selected as high resistance wild tea germplasms for breeding resistant tea cultivars.

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Research and Application of Lightweight Yolov7‐TSA Network in Tea Disease Detection and Identification

LI Weihao, ZHAN Wei, ZHOU Wan, HAN Tao, WANG Peiwen, LIU Hu, XIONG Mengyuan, SUN Yong

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2023, 52 (5): 162-169. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.019

Abstract （1442）

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Aiming at the problems of low accuracy，slow model running speed and no detection function of the existing tea disease identification methods，a novel Yolov7‐TSA（Yolov7‐Tiny‐SiLU‐Attention）lightweight network architecture was proposed to detect and classify tea diseases.Specifically，the LeakReLU activation function in the Yolov7‐T network was replaced with the SiLU activation function to improve detection accuracy and prevent overfitting.Meanwhile，the feature perception of target contour and spatial location was further improved by fusing the coordinate attention mechanism. Experiments on the dataset containing eight tea diseases（including healthy tea leaves） showed that the recognition accuracy of Yolov7‐TSA network reached 94.2%，which was 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points higher compared to Yolov7‐T and Yolov7 networks，respectively.Furthermore，it showed significant results in terms of parameters，floating point operations，model size and inference time per image，which were reduced by 83%，87%，83% and 34%，respectively，compared to the Yolov7 network. The network model achieves the detection and classification of tea diseases when balancing recognition accuracy and real‐time performance.

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Biological Characteristics and Occurrence of Aoria nigripes（Coleoptera：Chrysomelidae）in Ampelopsis grossedentata

ZHANG Mengmeng, LI Li, CHEN Qin, CHEN Mingxiu, WEI Yun, YU Zhengwen

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2023, 52 (2): 94-102. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.011

Abstract （1298）

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Aiming at the phenomenon of the explosive damage of beetle insects on the new‑generation vine tea，this study would clarify the specific species and damage risks through filed survey and indoor rearing observation.The results showed that the insect was identified by morphological and anatomical observations as Aoria nigripes，which belonged to Coleoptera，Chrysomeloidae，Eumolpidea，and Aoria.Currently，it only occurs sporadically in the plants of Vitis and Parthenocissus.It is clear that the leaf beetle has one generation per year in Guizhou，and the adult blooming period is from June to July.The adult damages the leaves and shoots，and the damaged parts is a strip‑shaped hole.It has strong activity，is good at flying，and has pseudolethality.The adults can lay eggs for many times，and the number of eggs laid can reach 34.50 eggs per female. The larvae have weak crawling ability，and mainly feed on the roots of vine tea in a tunnel shape.

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Relationships between Leaf Structure of Tea Plants and Resistance to Tea Stick Thrip and Tea Green Leafhopper

MENG Zehong, YANG Chun, LI Shuai, CHEN Zhengwu, ZHOU Yufeng

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (6): 94-102. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.010

Abstract （1097）

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In order to identify the key structural factors affecting the insect resistance of tea tree varieties and quickly identify resistant varieties，12 tea varieties with different resistance were selected as experimental materials. Leaf physical structures were measured by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope.A total of 12 leaf anatomical structure traits and 13 leaf micro⁃morphological structure traits were analyzed. Relationship between leaf physical structures and the resistance of tea varieties to tea stick thrip（Dendrothrips minowai Prieser）and tea green leafhopper（Empoasca onukii Matsuda）was definited with correlation analysis.The results showed that thickness of upper epidermis，thickness of palisade tissue，density of leaf pubescences in highly resistant varieties were higher than those in highly susceptible varieties to D.minowai.But stomatal opening rate was lower than that in highly susceptible varieties.The number of calcium oxalate crystal in Fudingdabaicha was the lowest，which was a highly susceptible varietiy to E.onukii. Correlation analysis showed that stomatal density，density of leaf pubescences，density of calcium oxalate crystal and adaxial epidermal waxy ornamentation were significantly negatively correlated with the pest number ratio of D.minowai.Stomatal aperture and stomatal opening rate were significantly positively correlated with the pest number ratio of D.minowai.Whereas the inner stomatal width showed extremely significant positive correlation.The density of palisade tissue was significantly negatively correlated with the pest number ratio of E.onukii.No significant correlations were found for the other variables.Generally，the relationship between leaf structures and the resistance to D.minowai was stronger than that to E. onukii. Several leaf physical structures were significantly correlated with the resistance of tea varieties to D. minowai，particularly the stomata and pubescence.

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Effects of Overwintering Mulching on Freezing Injury of Tea Plant and Spatio⁃Temporal Variation of Soil Temperature in Tea Plantation

YU Paolan, SUN Yongming, WU Yan, XIAO Xiaojun, LIN Xiaobing, ZHOU Ying, WANG Haihong

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (3): 65-72. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.03.008

Abstract （920）

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The objective of this study was to explore the effect of different surface mulching on low temperature freezing injury of tea plant，in order to guide tea farmers to effectively prevent freezing injury.The three materials including rice straw，white film and grass⁃proof cloth were used to mulch the surface of tea plantation，and no mulch was used as the control（CK），the spatio⁃temporal variation of soil temperature and the occurrence of tea plant freezing injury were compared，and then，the relationships between minimum surface temperature，daily range，duration time of low temperature and freezing rate of tea plant were anaylzed. The results showed that，compared with CK，the soil surface minimum temperatures mulched with white film，rice straw and grass⁃proof cloth were increased by 2.9，2.6，0.9℃；the freezing rates of tea plant mulched with white film and rice straw were significantly lower than CK and mulched with grass⁃proof cloth. White film mulching could increase the minimum and maximum soil temperature at different depths averagely by 1.0—2.9℃，1.0—4.7℃ compared with CK due to warming effect，and the warming effect was greater than other mulch materials. The rice straw mulching had a bidirectional regulation effect of decreasing high temperature and increasing low temperature，which increased the stability of soil temperature at the same depth. Among all the treatments，the daily range was the smallest and the cooling effect was the best in rice straw mulching.The cooling effect of grass⁃proof cloth mulching was lower than rice straw mulching，and its heating effect was lower than the white film mulching.The spatio⁃temporal variation of soil temperature was mainly reflected in the surface soil，and the temperature variation of underground soil was more gentle than that of surface soil.The peak time of soil temperature was delayed along with the increasing of soil depth.The freezing rate of tea plant was significantly correlated with the lowest mean surface temperature and the longest duration time of the surface temperature less than 0.Furthermore，the freezing rate of tea plant was extremely significantly correlated with the longest duration time of the surface temperature less than 4 ℃ .The surface temperature less than 0℃ was not the critical temperature of freezing for tea plant. When the surface temperature of tea plantation was from 0 to 4℃，the duration time was more than 7 d，and the daily duration time was more than 13.5 h，the tea plant could suffer from freezing.Therefore，white film and rice straw are recommended as mulching materials for preventing low temperature freezing injury in tea plantation. Moreover，rice straw is recommended for maintaining the stability of soil temperature.

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Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2019, 48 (5): 85-90.

Abstract （801）

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