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Research Progress on Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Soil Environment

LIANG Lu, ZHANG Weijie, XU Bohan, ZHUANG Qiuli, JIANG Xiufang, HUANG Yubo

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (3): 1-11. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.03.001

Abstract （1315）

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The technology of replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is one of the important measures to develop green agriculture and plays a more and more important role.The effects and mechanism of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties，soil microorganisms，soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss and heavy metals in farmland were reviewed，in order to provide theoretical reference for the rational combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage

WEI Quanquan, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, CHEN Long

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (6): 76-84. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.008

Abstract （1601）

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A field experiment was conducted in Weining County，Bijie City，Guizhou Province in 2021，to explore the application effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different organic materials on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage. Three nitrogen（N）fertilizer gradients（100%N，85%N and 70%N）were applied with organic materials［biochar（B）and commercial organic fertilizer （O），6 000 kg/ha］to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials application on the yield，nutrient absorption，fertilizer utilization，quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer was not reduced，compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer（100%N），the combined application of biochar（100%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（100%NO）could increase the yield of cabbage by 5 544 and 6 433 kg/ha，with an increase of 7.16% and 8.31% respectively，and the net income increased by 5 299 and 6 476 Yuan/ha，with an increase of 6.47% and 7.91% respectively.The accumulation，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）were higher than those of 100%N.After applying organic materials，the nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly，and the contents of soluble sugar，vitamin C，free amino acids and protein increased. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of N，P₂O₅ and K2O treated with biochar（85%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（85%NO）were equivalent to those treated with 100%N（the difference was not significant），which could stabilize and increase yield，and the effect of commercial organic fertilizer was better than biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%，even if biochar（70%NB） and commercial organic fertilizer（70%NO）were applied，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage decreased compared with 100%N treatment.In summary，in the high altitude cold vegetable area of Guizhou，the application of biochar or commercial organic fertilizer can replace 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer，and the substitution effect of commercial organic fertilizer is better than biochar.It is suggested that the input of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is 191.25 kg/ha，and 6 000 kg/ha organic materials should be applied at the same time，and commercial organic fertilizer is more appropriate.

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Effects of Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient Changes and Microbial Carbon Source Metabolism in Sweetpotato Field

LIU Yajun, WANG Wenjing, LI Min, WANG Honggang, CHU Fengli, HU Qiguo

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (7): 75-84. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.008

Abstract （871）

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In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization measures of sweetpotato on soil nutrient and soil microbial functional diversity，through the field positioning experiment，effects of different fertilization measures on soil nutrient content，microbial carbon source utilization capacity and functional diversity in wheat—sweetpotato rotation field were analyzed in 2020—2021. The treatments included only chemical fertilizer(T1)，straw returning without fertilization(T2)，only biological organic fertilizer(T3)，combined application of 80% chemical fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer(T4)，combined application of 80% chemical fertilizer and straw returning(T5)，combined application of 80% chemical fertilizer，biological organic fertilizer and straw returning（T6）.The results showed that，compared with the only chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer treatments，the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the content of soil nutrients and changed the soil pH value.Compared with the other fertilization treatments，the contents of soil available phosphorus，available nitrogen，available potassium in T6 treatment were significantly increased by 9.27%—31.80%，5.79%—28.06%and 3. 97%—18. 54% respectively；the content of soil organic matter in T6 was significantly increased by 6.56%，11.21% and 6.86% compared with T1，T2 and T5 treatments，respectively；the average color change rate values of six treatments showed T6>T4>T5>T3>T1>T2. At 120 h of soil microorganism cultivation，compared with the other fertilization treatments，the capacities of soil microorganisms in T6 treatment to utilize the polymeric compound，carbohydrate and amino acid were significantly increased by 12.75%—74.24%，5.71%—131.25% and 20.65%—177.50% respectively；in T6 treatment，soil microbial Shannon index，McIntosh index and Richness index were the highest，while Simpson index was the lowest. The redundancy analysis showed that the utilization capacity of various carbon sources and diversity index of soil microbial community were jointly restricted by a variety of environmental factors.Among them，soil available phosphorus（contribution rate of 35.3%） and soil available nitrogen（contribution rate of 23.4%），organic matter（contribution rate of 15.7%）were the main driving factors of soil microbial carbon source utilization and functional diversity，respectively. Under the condition of straw returning，the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction and biological organic fertilizer can effectively improve the content of soil available nutrients and organic matter，and improve the utilization capacity of soil microbial carbon source.

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Effects of Combined Application of Straw and Organic Fertilizer on Nitrogen Loss and Yield in Greenhouse Vegetable Fields

CAO Xiupeng, HUANG Xingxue, ZHOU Guolin, ZHANG Runhua, XIE Yanlan, SHI Lingfang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (9): 79-87. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.008

Abstract （773）

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Aiming at the unreasonable phenomenon of fertilization and irrigation in the current facility vegetable production，and focusing on solving the problem of agricultural non⁃point source pollution caused by nitrogen loss，the in⁃situ leaching monitoring platform in the field was used to study the effect of different fertilization patterns on the migration of inorganic nitrogen in soil，nitrogen loss in the underground leaching water，vegetable yield，and nitrogen use efficiency. Sandy loam was used as the test soil and cabbage was used as the test vegetable. There were six treatments as follows：No fertilization（CK），conventional chemical fertilizer(CF),optimized fertilization（bio⁃organic fertilizer replaced 30% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen，(OF),combined application of straw and conventional chemical fertilizer（CFS）,combined application of straw and optimized fertilization（OFS），30% reduction in irrigation at the combined level of straw and optimized fertilization（OFSW）.The results showed that nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^-⁃N） was the main form of nitrogen loss in underground leaching water，followed by dissolved organic nitrogen（DON），and the leaching proportions of total dissolved nitrogen（TDN）were 25.578%—62.756% and 18.957%—43.483%，respectively.Compared with the CF treatment，OF，OFS，OFSW significantly reduced the leaching loss of TDN by 24.1%，33.9%，and 47.3%，respectively. However，the leaching loss of DON in underground leaching water was relatively higher，which might become a new threat to groundwater pollution. Compared with the CF treatment，OF，CFS，OFS and OFSW treatments increased cabbage yields by 21.4%，14.1%，38.8% and 27.0% respectively，meanwhile increasing nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. On the whole，OFSW treatment can more effectively reduce nitrogen leaching under the premise of ensuring vegetable biomass and yield，and coordinate the contradiction between production and environment to some extent，followed by OFS treatment，both of which are recommended fertilization measures for prevention and control of agricultural non⁃point source pollution.

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Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Phosphorus Utilization

ZHANG Jishi, LIU Chunzeng, LÜ Yuhu, WANG Shougang, CAO Weidong, ZHANG Yuting

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (11): 82-90. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.010

Abstract （703）

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Chinese milk vetch（MV）returned to the field to replace some chemical fertilizers is a main technical measure for saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency in paddy fields in southern Henan rice‑growing area.A field experiment was conducted in southern Henan rice‑growing area，to explore the effect of different fertilizer reduction ratio on soil phosphorus supply and rice phosphorus uptake under the condition of equal amount of MV returned to the field. The location experiment of MV combined with chemical fertilizer（started in 2008）included six treatments：No fertilization（CK），single application of chemical fertilizer（F100），equal amount of MV returned to the field（22.50 t/ha）combined with different amount of chemical fertilizer（100% chemical fertilizer，MVF100；80% chemical fertilizer，MVF80；60% chemical fertilizer，MVF60；40% chemical fertilizer，MVF40）.The effects of MV returned to the field combined with chemical fertilizer on soil available phosphorus content，shoot phosphorus content and accumulation，leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at maturity were preliminarily studied in the year of 2021.The results showed that MVF100 and MVF80 treatments significantly increased the total dry matter accumulation by 8.52% and 7.14% respectively，compared with the F100 treatment at maturity.The dry matter accumulation of straw under MVF100 at maturity was 12.84% higher than that in the F100 treatment.Compared with F100，MVF80 treatment increased the dry matter accumulation of panicle by 11.05% at the mature stage，but no significant difference was observed.The leaf area index at the booting stage under MV returned to the field combined with chemical fertilizer was lower than that in the F100 treatment，while the leaf area index at maturity in MVF100 and MVF60 treatments was higher than that in the F100 treatment.The soil available phosphorus，shoot phosphorus content and accumulation of all fertilization treatments were significantly higher than CK，but there was no significant difference among all fertilization treatments on the whole. The highest soil available phosphorus content，shoot phosphorus content and accumulation were showed in the MVF100 treatment at the booting stage and in MVF60 treatment at maturity.By comprehensive consideration，it is appropriate that MV is returned to the field（22.50 t/ha）to replace 20%—40% chemical fertilizer，and the effect is not significantly different between MV returned to the field combined with chemical fertilizer treatments and the F100 treatment in southern Henan rice‑growing area. Based on the significantly correlated quadratic curve relationship，appropriate amount of soil available phosphorus content and leaf area index could improve the dry matter accumulation of panicles at maturity.To achieve the maximum dry matter accumulation of panicles，the optimal soil available phosphorus content at maturity was 7.56 mg/kg，and the leaf area index was 7.02.The MVF60 treatment was close to the optimal value in this study. In conclusion，it is suggested that MV returned to the field（22.50 t/ha）combined with 60% chemical fertilizer is more suitable in this area.

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on Microbial Community in Winter Rapeseed⁃Maize Rotation in Yellow Soil

WEI Quanquan, GU Xiaofeng, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, RAO Yong, XIAO Huagui

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2023, 52 (6): 41-50. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.005

Abstract （1121）

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To provide scientific basis for improving soil fertility and yield and quality of rape and maize in Guizhou province，the effect of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic materials on soil microbial community in winter rapeseed⁃maize rotation in yellow soil was discussed. Long⁃term positioning experiment of different organic materials application was conducted in Guiyang City，Guizhou Province for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021. Five treatments［no nitrogen fertilizer（T1，CK），normal nitrogen fertilizer（T2），and normal nitrogen fertilizer+ straw（T3），normal nitrogen fertilizer+ biochar（T4）and normal nitrogen fertilizer+commercial organic fertilizer（T5）］were set up，and soil samples were collected from different treatments after rapeseed harvest in May 2021 to study the effects of different treatments on soil microbial communities. The results showed that the number of bacterial OTU（operational taxonomic units）treated with T1—T5 was 3 557，3 413，3 315，3 452 and 3 468，and the number of fungal OTU was 1 530，1 196，1 488，1 428 and 1 579，respectively. Compared with T1 treatment，after applying nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials（T2—T5），the Chaol index and Shannon index of the soil bacterial community increased by 0.67%—7.79% and 0.30%—1.36%，the Simpson index decreased by 2.94%—11.76%. In the soil fungal community，after applying nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials，the Chaol index and Shannon index increased by 9.64%—20.66% and 29.55%—61.86%，respectively，and the Simpson index decreased by 55.83%—89.52%. Community abundance and LEfSe analysis showed that，compared to the T1 treatment，applying nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials altered the abundance of bacterial dominant species in soil.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria，Chloroflexi，and Actinobacteria increased by 1.74%—24.05%，9.03%—29.06% and2.13%—12.12%，respectively. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased by 17.78%—42.79% and 12.61%—14.68%，respectively.The relative abundance of Ascomycota，Mortierellomycota，Unclassified_k_Fungi，and Rozellomycota in soil decreased by 2.79%—41.84%，33.14%—54.85%，4.13%—69.97% and 37.64%—79.47%，respectively.The relative abundance of Basidiomycota increased by 29.78%—249.21%，and Fusarium decreased by 4.95%—55.77%.To sum up，nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of organic materials can the microbial environment and the microbial community composition and diversity of soil in yellow soil in winter rapeseed⁃maize rotation.Combined application of organic materials can improve the soil microbial environment by improving the beneficial flora，reducing or inhibiting the harmful flora to a certain extent，thereby improving the soil fertility of yellow soil.

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