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Study on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic and Quality Traits of 48 Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

WANG Xiaojie, LI Meixia, TAO Lei, ZHANG Bo, HE Xinru, MI Jia, DAI Guoli, XU Wendi

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2023, 52 (9): 78-90. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.008

Abstract （787）

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In order to study the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic and quality traits（15 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits）of 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.，descriptive statistics analysis，principal component analysis，correlation analysis and clustering analysis were performed.The results showed that the germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.were rich in genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 1.431—2.095，and the variation coefficient was 19%—189%.The highest diversity index was longitudinal diameter of fruit，followed by transverse diameter of fruit，branch diameter，branch length，number of ripe fruits per branch and leaf width；The genetic diversityindex of quality traits was 0.745—1.007，the fruit shape had the highest diversity index，the diversity index of leaf shape was 0. 948，fruit color diversity index was 0.745.The results of the first six principal component analysis showed that longitudinal diameter of fruit，fruit color，leaf area，anthocyanin content，transverse diameter of fruit and branch diameter could be used as the main indexes to reflect the yield and quality of L.ruthenicum Murr.，with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%.The correlation analysis found that 15 pairs of traits reached the highly significant correlation level（ P<0.01），and 14 pairs were positively correlated and 1 pair was negatively correlated，transverse diameter of fruit，average single fresh fruit weight and number of blades showed very significant positive correlation between each other（ P<0.01），anthocyanin content，fruit color and number of ripe fruits per branch also showed very significant positive correlation between each other（ P<0. 01），fruit stalk length and fruit shape，fruit color，anthocyanins concentration and branch diameter showed significant negative correlation（ P<0. 01）.Based on genetic differences of traits between germplasms，48 germplasm resources were clustered into 6 categories，and the clustering results had a strong correlation with the distribution of sample communities.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of main phenotypic and quality traits in 48 germplasm resources of L. ruthenicum Murr.is rich.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of 176 Waxy Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Principal Component，Grey Correlation and DTOPSIS Analyses

WU Guojiang, ZHOU Wei, YU Zhonghao, LI Yan, LÜ Jingbo, WANG Zhenguo, ZHOU Yaxing

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2023, 52 (5): 40-51. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.006

Abstract （451）

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In order to screen out the high‐quality waxy sorghum germplasm resources suitable for popularization and utilization in the Xiliaohe Plain，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation and ranking were carried out by combining principal component analysis method，grey correlation degree method and DTOPSIS method.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources ranged from 6.69% to 47.84%，and there were generally significant or extremely significant correlation between the traits. Through principal component analysis，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were integrated into 9 independent comprehensive indexes（principal components），and the cumulative contribution rate of these 9 principal components was87.169%.The top 30 germplasm resources were screened based on comprehensive evaluation scores by principal component analysis，weighted correlation degree by grey correlation degree method and relative closeness degree by DTOPSIS method respectively. By the combination of the above three methods for comprehensive evaluation，10 germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive traits were selected from 176 germplasm resources，namely QNR，9705，2011‐30，Xinliang 52，102A，HubocuoP4，Jan‐88，9701，0657 and 4126 ，respectively，which laid a foundation for the breeding of waxy sorghum varieties in the Xiliaohe Plain.

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Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Different Cultivars Groups of Herbaceous Peony Germplasm Resources

WANG Huijuan, WANG Erqiang, FU Zhenzhu, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, WANG Zhanying, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Limin, ZHANG Hechen

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (12): 110-121. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.013

Abstract （766）

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109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources from different cultivar groups were used to study the diversity of 38 phenotypic traits（4 quantitative traits，27 qualitative polymorphism traits and 7 qualitative binary traits）by the analysis of variance，coefficient of variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the phenotypic traits of 109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources had a high degree of variation and rich genetic diversity.Among them，the average variation coefficient of quantitative traits was 17.59%，with the largest variation coefficient for plant height（24.71%）.The average Shannon‑Wiener index of quantitative traits was 2.00，and plant height had the maximum value（2.10）.The average of Shannon‑wiener index in qualitative indexes（1.06）was less than that in quantitative traits，and the Shannon‑Wiener index of flower color was the highest（1.82），followed by that of flower type（1.67）.The results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were 67 pairs of extremely significant correlation and 53 pairs of significant correlation among the characters. The cumulative contribution rate of first 14 principal components was 69.905%.Plant height，plant type，stigma size，flowering time and stem state were the main traits affecting the phenotypic differences of herbaceous peony. Hierarchical clustering divided herbaceous peony germplasm resources into four groups.Phenotypic traits such as plant height，plant type，flower color，and leaf margin sawtooth were closely related to variety clustering. Groups 1—3 were mainly traditional peony varieties of China.The herbaceous peony germplasm resources introduced from abroad belonged to three cultivars groups and clustered into one group alone，which had quite different phenotypic traits（thick stems and half‑opened plant types） from the traditional varieties of China.This clustering result reflected the difference of provenance and long‑term breeding objectives to a certain extent.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Wan Artemisia argyi Germplasm Based on Morphological traits and Quality traits

XU Lanjie, LIANGHuizhen, YUYongliang, YANG Qing, LI Lei, AN Sufang, YANG Hongqi, TANZhengwei, LIChunming, DONGWei, LU Dandan

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (8): 55-63. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.007

Abstract （527）

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Scientific and reasonable methods were used to comprehensively evaluate and screen excellent germplasms of Wan A.argyi，so as to provide parental materials and technical support for the breeding of new varieties of Wan A.argyi.Thirty Wan A.argyi germplasms from Nanyang City were used as experimental materials to comprehensively evaluate their agronomic and quality traits by Shannon⁃weaver diversity index，membership function method，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that Wan A.argyi germplasms had high genetic diversity，the diversity index of different traits was 0.53—1.58，and the coefficient of variation was 16.95%—160.71%.Correlation analysis showed that most agronomic traits had significant or extremely significant correlations，and some quality traits had significant correlations，but the correlations between agronomic traits and quality traits were poor.Principal component analysis converted 15 traits into 5 comprehensive factors，with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.12%.The first，second and fourth principal components mainly reflected agronomic traits，the fifth principal component mainly reflected quality traits，and the third principal component mainly reflected agronomic traits and quality traits. Based on the square sum of deviation method，the 30 Wan A.argyi germplasms were clustered into three categories at the Euclidean distance of 14.0.The first category was high⁃quality type and included 8 germplasms；the second category was high⁃yield type，which contained 8 germplasms；the traits of germplasms of the third category were between the first and the second categories. Based on the membership function method，5 germplasms with excellent comprehensive performance in terms of yield and quality were screened out， which could provide parental material support for the breeding of new varieties of Wan A.argyi.

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Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties

ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (8): 28-36. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004

Abstract （1209）

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The tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis，membership function method and cluster analysis，so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%，50.07%，50.66%，64.79%，33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest，the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest，the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest，the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components（the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%），and the representative indexes of each component were protein content，starch content，soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out，accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties，one variety（Dingshu 3）could be used for both vegetable and starch processing，one variety（Ganyinshu 1）could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing，one variety（Longshu 11）could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation，two varieties（L08104⁃12 and Feurita）could be processed as whole flour，and two varieties（Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9）could be used for fried food processing.

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Correlation Analysis between Protein Content and Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet

FENG Lian, TIAN Xiang, QIAO Zhijun, WANG Haigang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (6): 43-53. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.005

Abstract （895）

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The correlation between the agronomic traits（quality traits：seedling leaf color，tillering，leaf sheath color，panicle type，ear tightness，bristle length，shape of panicle neck，hull color，grain color；quantitative traits：main stem length，main panicle length，diameter of main stem，node number of main stem，main panicle diameter，panicle weight per plant，grain weight per plant）and grain protein content of 83 Shanxi foxtail millet cultivars including landraces and bred cultivars was studied，and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were done，so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of germplasm with high protein content in millet breeding.The results showed that the variation coefficient of grain protein content of foxtail millet was the lowest（9.00%），whereas the variation coefficient of grain weight per plant was the highest（30.75%）.The order of variation coefficient of all the quantitative traits was grain weight per plant>panicle weight per plant>main panicle length>main panicle diameter>main stem length>node number of main stem>diameter of main stem>protein content.Correlation analysis result showed that grain protein content was significantly negatively correlated with main stem length，node number of main stem，main stem diameter，panicle weight per plant，grain weight per plant and leaf sheath color，and significantly positively correlated with bristle length and grain color.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 80.643%，which could be used to express most of the information of millet protein content and agronomic traits. All the foxtail millet cultivars were divided into four categories by cluster analysis.The first group was bred cultivars，which had the smallest main stem length，node number of main stem and bristle length，and the largest diameter of main stem，showing lodging resistance potential.The second group mainly consisted of landraces，which had the highest protein content. The main panicle length and grain weight per plant were the highest in the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of bred cultivars with the highest main stem length，node number of main stem and panicle weight per plant. In the future，more attention should be paid to the utilization of the landraces with low main stem length，panicle weight per plant，and grain weight per plant during the breeding of foxtail millet cultivars with high protein content.

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Overall Evaluation of Asparagus Germplasm Resources Based on Grey Relational Analysis and DTOPSIS Method

ZHANG Bingbing, YE Yanying, JIN Shuifeng, LUO Wengen, ZHOU Jinsong, YIN Yuling, LUO Shaochun, TANG Yongping

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (5): 96-107. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.010

Abstract （621）

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In order to provide theoretical basis for comprehensive evaluation of asparagus varieties（lines）and their demonstration and popularization in Jiangxi，the adaptability of new asparagus varieties（lines）in Jiangxi was comprehensively evaluated by grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS method.With 43 new asparagus varieties（lines）from the asparagus resource nursery in Ji’an from 2018 to 2019 as materials，comprehensive evaluation of field traits was performed by using grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS method.The accuracy of different methods was compared，and asparagus varieties（lines）with better comprehensive performance were selected.The result showed that the order of correlation grade value of each character in the overall evaluation of asparagus germplasms based on grey relational analysis was as follows：high‑quality asparagus rate>high‑quality asparagus yield>commodity asparagus rate>seeing asparagus time>first branch height>second main stem height>commercial asparagus production>plant height>number of asparagus shoots>disease resistance>appearance quality of asparagus>asparagus thickness uniformity>stem thickness.The result also showed that Gijnlim，Extremely male imperial crown，Florida，Jersey knight，California early，Jufeng and UC115 ranked in the top 10，which had good adaptability and high yield，and were the closest to the ideal germplasm. The Ci maximum difference rate of DTOPSIS was 68. 40% and the correlation coefficient of its ranking result with the yield ranking was 0.918 ^**.The maximum difference rate of γi in grey correlation analysis was 41.03%，the maximum difference rate of △γi was 40.33%，the correlation coefficients between the ranking result and the yield ranking were 0.652 ^**and 0.710 ^**respectively.It can be seen that the DTOPSIS method had a greater rate of Ci variation，a greater variation among germplasms，and a higher correlation with yield. Therefore，when breeding new asparagus varieties，the first priority should be to increase the weight proportion of high‑quality bamboo shoots，and secondly，high‑quality materials unearthed early in spring are selected as parents. At the same time，other traits such as asparagus plant type should also be taken into consideration. Gijnlim，Extremely male imperial crown，Florida，Jersey knight，California early，Jufeng and UC115，which have good adaptability and high yield，can be further investigated，demonstrated and promoted.The DTOPSIS method based on the grey relational analysis is more suitable for comprehensive evaluation of adaptability of new asparagus varieties（lines）.

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