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Cabbage Yield and Nutrient Utilization under Substitution of Organic Manure for Fertilizer in Vegetable‑Rice Rotation in Lateritic Red Soil

ZHANG Licheng, LI Juan, ZHANG Mingqing, GU Zuchao

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2023, 52 (8): 87-95. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.010

Abstract （1017）

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In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization，the cabbage breed Zhonggan 8 was taken as the test material，and field experiments were carried out in the vegetable‑rice rotation area in southern Fujian with five fertilization treatments（customary fertilization，recommended fertilization，organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer） and no fertilization treatment（control，CK）.The effects of different treatments on yield and nutrient utilization of cabbage were studied.The results showed that substitution of organic manure for fertilizer could promote the growth of cabbage ball.The weight and compactness of cabbage ball in organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Through the analysis of cabbage yield under different fertilization treatments，the highest yield was 3 824.13 kg/ha in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，which was significantly higher than that in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer，customary fertilization and no fertilization，but compared with the recommended fertilization treatment there was no significant difference.The treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer and the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer had higher nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates，which were 40.82% and 30.82% respectively.Compared with the customary fertilization，the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer increased the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of cabbage by 13.14 percentage point.By comprehensive analysis of cabbage yield and nutrient utilization efficiency，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer is recommended as the application amount in cabbage production of vegetable and rice rotation in the lateritic red soil of southern Fujian Province.

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Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Two Different Nitrogen Efficiency Maize Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Reduction

LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, ZHAO Xia, HE Guanhua, QIAO Jiangfang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (9): 10-24. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.002

Abstract （2019）

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In order to explore the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）in Weike 518（WK518）with high nitrogen efficiency and Nongda108（ND108） with low nitrogen efficiency under nitrogen reduction condition and their functions，the ear⁃leaf samples were collected from WK518 and ND108 at mid filling stage under normal nitrogen fertilizer application rate（225 kg/ha nitrogen,HN）and low nitrogen fertilizer application rate（0 kg/hanitrogen,LN）,and used for high⁃throughput RNA sequencing. Then the GO term and KEGG metabolic pathway of DEGs were analyzed from different compared groups，and the differentially expressed transcription factor families were analyzed. The results showed that 2 065 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 319 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected between WK518 and ND108 under LN condition,2 368 up⁃regulated DEGs and 3 780 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected under HN condition;1 009 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 268 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in WK518 under different nitrogen application rates,and 364 up⁃regulated DEGs and 510 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in ND108 under different nitrogen application rates.Under LN condition,DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in uroporphyrin⁃Ⅲ C⁃methyltransferase activity,mannose⁃6⁃phosphate isomerase activity,oxidation⁃reduction process,mitochondrion organization,nuclear chromatin and other GO terms,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,phenylalaninemetabolism,monoterpenoid biosynthesis,glycine/serine and threonine metabolism,base excision repair and other KEGG pathways. Under HN condition，DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in stomatal closure,transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity,chloroplast stroma，thylakoid,chloroplast envelope and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms，amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,β⁃alanine metabolism,photosynthesis⁃antenna proteins and other KEGG pathways.DEGs in WK518 were mainly enriched in response to chitin,protein phosphorylation，membrane，indole glucosinolate metabolic process，galactinol⁃sucrose galactosyltransferase and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic origination,plant hormone signal transduction,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,plant⁃pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.DEGs in ND108 were mainly enriched in response to water deprivation,toxin catabolic process,chitinase activity,trehalose biosynthetic process,trehalose⁃phosphatase activity and other GO terms,and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant，prodigiosin biosynthesis,zeatin biosynthesis,biotin metabolism and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.Fifty⁃eight differentially expressed transcription factor families were detected in WK518 and ND108 under different nitrogen application rates,including GRAS,bHLH,MYB⁃related,NAC,C3H,ERF,C2H2,WRKY,FAR1 transcription factor families and so on,which were very important in plants growth,development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage

WEI Quanquan, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, CHEN Long

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2022, 51 (6): 76-84. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.008

Abstract （1057）

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A field experiment was conducted in Weining County，Bijie City，Guizhou Province in 2021，to explore the application effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different organic materials on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage. Three nitrogen（N）fertilizer gradients（100%N，85%N and 70%N）were applied with organic materials［biochar（B）and commercial organic fertilizer （O），6 000 kg/ha］to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials application on the yield，nutrient absorption，fertilizer utilization，quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer was not reduced，compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer（100%N），the combined application of biochar（100%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（100%NO）could increase the yield of cabbage by 5 544 and 6 433 kg/ha，with an increase of 7.16% and 8.31% respectively，and the net income increased by 5 299 and 6 476 Yuan/ha，with an increase of 6.47% and 7.91% respectively.The accumulation，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）were higher than those of 100%N.After applying organic materials，the nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly，and the contents of soluble sugar，vitamin C，free amino acids and protein increased. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of N，P ₂O ₅ and K2O treated with biochar（85%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（85%NO）were equivalent to those treated with 100%N（the difference was not significant），which could stabilize and increase yield，and the effect of commercial organic fertilizer was better than biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%，even if biochar（70%NB） and commercial organic fertilizer（70%NO）were applied，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage decreased compared with 100%N treatment.In summary，in the high altitude cold vegetable area of Guizhou，the application of biochar or commercial organic fertilizer can replace 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer，and the substitution effect of commercial organic fertilizer is better than biochar.It is suggested that the input of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is 191.25 kg/ha，and 6 000 kg/ha organic materials should be applied at the same time，and commercial organic fertilizer is more appropriate.

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Effects of Reduced Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield and Nutrient Utilization of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation of Water⁃Fertilizer Integration

ZHANG Lei, LI Huaisheng, LIU Jinxia, WANG Heya, LIANG Fei, WANG Guodong, LI Jinke, YANG Jie

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2021, 50 (7): 15-22. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.07.003

Abstract （1181）

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No fertilization treatment（T1），supervised fertilization treatment（T2），supervised fertilization without nitrogen fertilizer treatment（T3⁃N），supervised fertilization without phosphorus fertilizer treatment（T4⁃P） and farmers’routine fertilization treatment（T5） were set up to study the effects of reduced application of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and nutrient utilization of spring wheat under drip irrigation of water⁃fertilizer integration，so as to provide scientific basis for reduced application of fertilizer for spring wheat under drip irrigation of water⁃fertilizer integration. The results showed that reasonablewater and fertilizer operation could increase dry matter accumulation of spring wheat under drip irrigation. The dry weight of spring wheat of T3⁃N and T4⁃P treatments was similar and high，followed by T2 treatment.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grain，glume，stem and leaf of T2，T3⁃N and T4⁃P treatments were higher than those of T5 and T1 treatments. The yield of spring wheat of T2 treatment significantly increased by 20.07% and 33.44% compared with T5 and T1 treatments respectively.Compared with T5 treatment，the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer of T2 treatment decreased by 25%，and the application rate of phosphate fertilizer of T2 treatment decreased by 112%，while the yield of spring wheat of T2 treatment did not reduce，even increased. Compared with the farmers’routine fertilization treatment，the fertilization treatments，（T2，T3⁃N，T4⁃P）with water and fertilizer integration could improve the agronomic efficiencies，partial productivities and utilization efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. In general，fertilization treatments with water and fertilizer integration can improve spring wheat yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency，reduce the amount of fertilizer application，and achieve the purpose of reduction of fertilizer without reduction of yield.

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Nitrogen Efficiency and Physiological Characters of Different Maize Genotypes under Nitrogen Fertilization Reduction

ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Guitang, HUANG Lu, QIAO Jiangfang, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, ZHAO Xia, LIU Jingbao

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2021, 50 (5): 13-23. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.05.003

Abstract （975）

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The split plot design was employed with main plot of normal N application rate(225 kg/ha,N3),reducing 20% of N application rate(180 kg/ ha,N2),reducing 30% of N application rate(157.5 kg/ ha,N1) and no N application(N0),sub-plot of 5 hybrid cultivars[Zeyu 8911(ZY8911),Weike 518(WK518), Zhengdan 958 ( ZD958), Nongda 108 (ND108) and Xianyu 508 (XY508)]in this experiment,and the changes of grain yield,N efficiency,chlorophyll fluorescence and activities of key enzymes related with N metabolism in different genotypes of maize were studied,so as to provide scientific basis for improving N efficiency and realizing high-yield and high-efficiency maize cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results showed that the grain yield was 12.12 t/ha under the normal application rate of N.With the N application rate reduction,grain yield significantly decreased,which was 9.20 t/ha under N0 treatment.The grain yields of ZD958 and WK518 were significantly higher than those of XY508 and ND108, there was no significant difference between ZY8911 and the other genotypes.N uptake efficiency,N utilization efficiency and N efficiency significantly increased under N application reduction.Three indexes of WK518,ZD958 and ZY8911 were overall higher than those of ND108 and XY508 except that N uptake efficiency of ZY8911 was lower than that of ND108.The SPAD value in the ear leaf decreased under N application reduction,which of WK518,ZD958 and ZY8911 were overall higher than those of ND108 and XY508. Fo,Fm,Fv/ Fm and PSⅡ comprehensive performance index(PI) decreased under N application reduction, which was the highest in ND108. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in the ear leaf first increased and then decreased with N application reduction,which were the highest at 20 days after silking. The enzyme activities of WK518,ZD958 and ZY8911 were overall higher than those of ND108 and XY508,and the order of NR and GS activities was N2>N3>N1>N0.In conclusion,ZD958,WK518 and ZY8911 had higher SPAD value and activities of enzymes related to N metabolism,better fluorescence characters,compared with ND108 and XY508,could maintain matter accumulation and capacity of N assimilation,and hold the higher N utilization efficiency in the process of N metabolism,thereby reaching higher yield under the low N condition.However,in order to ensure the
yield,the reduction of N application rate should not be too large, and it is advisable to reduce the application rate by 20%.

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