Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001

Abstract

Abstract: Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry.

Key words: Edible fungi, Spent mushroom substrate, Physicochemical property, Resource utilization

摘要： 食用菌是我国第五大种植产业，是乡村振兴的重要产业支柱。食用菌产业快速发展的同时产生了大量菌渣，这些菌渣被随意丢弃或焚烧，造成严重的环境污染和资源浪费，因此，食用菌菌渣资源化利用问题受到了广泛关注。在分析菌渣来源、理化性质和营养成分的基础上，综述了菌渣资源化利用现状及其研究进展，包括菌渣作为能源材料、制作生物肥料、改良土壤环境、提取生物活性物质、制作复合材料等，并指出菌渣利用存在的问题，结合食用菌产业发展现状对菌渣综合利用进行展望，旨在提高菌渣的利用率，促进食用菌产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 食用菌, 菌渣, 理化性质, 资源化利用

CLC Number:

S646

ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou. Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 1-14.

张朝辉, 刘阳, 张广, 王振河, 邱立友. 食用菌菌渣资源化利用现状分析及其研究进展[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(9): 1-14.

Figures/Tables 6

References

［1］任彩红，王明友，吴今姬，等. 我国食用菌工厂化装备研究现状与展望［J］. 中国农机化学报，2025，46（5）：
207‑213.
REN C H，WANG M Y，WU J J，et al. Research status and prospect of edible fungus factory equipment inChina［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization，2025，46（5）：207‑213.

［2］中国食用菌协会. 2023年度全国食用菌统计调查结果分析［J］. 中国食用菌，2025，44（1）：120‑129.

China Edible Fungi Association. Analysis on the results of the national statistical survey of edible fungi in 2023［J］.Edible Fungi of China，2025，44（1）：120‑129.

［3］KUMAR H，BHARDWAJ K，SHARMA R，et al.Potential usage of edible mushrooms and their residues to retrieve valuable supplies for industrial applications［J］. Journal of Fungi，2021，7（6）：427.

［4］QIN P F，LI T Y，LIU C，et al. Extraction and utilization of active substances from edible fungi substrate and residue：A review［J］. Food Chemistry，2023，398：133872.
［5］MOHD HANAFI F H，REZANIA S，MAT TAIB S，et al.Environmentally sustainable applications of agro‑based spent mushroom substrate（SMS）：An overview［J］.Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management，2018，20（3）：1383‑1396.
［6］王艮梅，黄松杉，郑光耀，等. 菌渣作为土壤调理剂资源化利用的研究进展［J］.土壤通报，2016，47（5）：1273‑1280.
WANG G M，HUANG S S，ZHENG G Y，et al. Advance in beneficial use of spent mushroom substrate as soil conditioner［J］.Chinese Journal of Soil Science，2016，47（5）：1273‑1280.
［7］梁涛，胡留杰，张涛，等. 重庆市食用菌菌渣养分与重金属含量分析［J］.植物营养与肥料学报，2022，28（4）：715‑725.
LIANG T，HU L J，ZHANG T，et al. Nutrient and heavy metal contents in edible fungus residues in Chongqing［J］. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers，2022，28（4）：715‑725.
［8］宫志远，韩建东，杨鹏. 食用菌菌渣循环再利用途径［J］.食药用菌，2020，28（1）：9‑16.
GONG Z Y，HAN J D，YANG P. Reutilization methods of spent substrate of mushroom［J］. Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms，2020，28（1）：9‑16.
［9］ALHUJAILY A，YU H B，ZHANG X Y，et al.Highly efficient and sustainable spent mushroom waste adsorbent based on surfactant modification for the removal of toxic dyes［J］. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2018，15（7）：1421.
［10］MENG L Q，LI W G，ZHANG S M，et al. Feasibility of co‑composting of sewage sludge，spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw［J］. Bioresource Technology，2017，226：39‑45.
［11］LIN L，CUI F Y，ZHANG J J，et al. Antioxidative and renoprotective effects of residue polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes［J］. Carbohydrate Polymers，2016，146：388‑395.
［12］FIDANZA M A，SANFORD D L，BEYER D M，et al.Analysis of fresh mushroom compost［J］.HortTechnology，2010，20（2）：449‑453.
［13］葛桂民，李建欣，卢钦灿，等. 四种食用菌菌渣发酵后的理化性质及其栽培黄瓜的效果比较［J］.北方园艺，2020（14）：56‑59.
GE G M，LI J X，LU Q C，et al. Comparison of physicochemical properties and cucumber culture effect of four kinds of mushroom dregs after fermentation［J］. Northern Horticulture，2020（14）：56‑59.
［14］李海渤，魏旭，杨春亚，等. 以灵芝菌渣为原料堆制生物有机肥研究初报［J］.中国食用菌，2021，40（5）：36‑43.
LI H B，WEI X，YANG C Y，et al. Preliminary study on preparation of bio‑organic fertilizer from Ganoderma lucidum residue［J］. Edible Fungi of China，2021，40（5）：36‑43.
［15］陈亮，胡瑶，李宏告，等. 平菇菌糠栽培基质对菜薹生长与品质的影响［J］. 湖南农业科学，2019（6）：23‑25.
CHEN L，HU Y，LI H G，et al. Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation substrate on growth and quality of cabbage［J］. Hunan Agricultural Sciences，2019（6）：23‑25.
［16］孟祥海，王佰成，于文全，等. 不同外源添加物下黑木耳废弃菌渣无害化处理效果［J］.北方园艺，2023（14）：71‑78.
MENG X H，WANG B C，YU W Q，et al. Study on the harmless treatment effect of waste fungus residue of Auricularia auricula with different exogenous additives［J］. Northern Horticulture，2023（14）：71‑78.
［17］黄枭，谭笑，杨云贵，等. 黑木耳菌糠育苗基质对黄瓜苗期生长的影响［J］.天津农业科学，2020，26（12）：30‑32.
HUANG X，TAN X，YANG Y G，et al. Effects on cucumber seedling growth of the fungus chaff substrate of Auricularia auricula［J］. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences，2020，26（12）：30‑32.
［18］赵荷娟，魏启舜，王琳，等. 双孢蘑菇菌糠基质对架式栽培草莓生长和果实品质的影响［J］.江苏农业科学，2014，42（4）：120‑121.
ZHAO H J，WEI Q S，WANG L，et al. Effects of Agaricus bisporus substrate on the growth and fruit quality of strawberry in shelf culture［J］. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2014，42（4）：120‑121.
［19］王琳，毛久庚，赵荷娟，等. 蚓粪作为覆土材料提高双孢蘑菇产量的效果［J］.江苏农业科学，2017，45（15）：131‑132.
WANG L，MAO J G，ZHAO H J，et al. Effect of earthworm manure as covering material on increasing yield of Agaricus bisporus［J］.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2017，45（15）：131‑132.

［20］田红梅，王朋成，刘松年，等. 农业废弃物制备生物菌基质在西瓜育苗中的应用研究［J］. 现代农业科技，2021（11）：62‑64.

TIAN H M，WANG P C，LIU S N，et al. Study on the application of biological bacteria substrate prepared from agricultural wastes in watermelon seedling raising［J］. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology，2021（11）：62‑64.
［21］匡云波，蔡丽婷，叶智文，等. 金针菇栽培原料与菌渣中营养成分的变化分析［J］.亚热带农业研究，2017，13（3）：187‑190.
KUANG Y B，CAI L T，YE Z W，et al. Analysis on nutrient changes in the mushroom substrate and the spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes［J］.Subtropical Agriculture Research，2017，13（3）：187‑190.
［22］张丽影，潘婷，苏宇，等. 平菇和杏鲍菇两种菌糠的营养价值分析［J］.广东微量元素科学，2015，22（5）：24‑28.
ZHANG L Y，PAN T，SU Y，et al. Nutrition analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii spent mushroom substrate［J］. Guangdong Trace Elements Science，2015，22（5）：24‑28.
［23］王乐乐，秦荣艳，阿不夏合满·穆巴拉克，等. 菌酶协同发酵香菇菌糠工艺参数的优化［J］. 饲料研究，2022，45（7）：62‑66.
WANG L L，QIN R Y，ABSHAIMAN M，et al.Optimization of fermentation parameters of Lentinus edodes chaff by bacterial enzymes［J］. Feed Research，2022，45（7）：62‑66.
［24］李佳育.CFD数值模拟的双孢蘑菇菌渣厌氧发酵流体模型研究［D］.福州：福建农林大学，2022.
LI J Y. Study on anaerobic fermentation fluid model of Agaricus bisporus residue based on CFD numerical simulation［D］.Fuzhou：Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，2022.
［25］张莹，田龙，徐敏慧，等. 食用菌菌糠综合利用研究进展［J］.微生物学通报，2020，47（11）：3658‑3670.
ZHANG Y，TIAN L，XU M H，et al. Research progress in comprehensive utilization of spent mushroom substrates［J］. Microbiology China，2020，47（11）：3658‑3670.
［26］朱培，张建斌，陈代杰. 抗生素菌渣处理的研究现状和建议［J］.中国抗生素杂志，2013，38（9）：647‑651.
ZHU P，ZHANG J B，CHEN D J. Current research and suggestions for treatment of antibiotic manufacturing biowaste［J］. Chinese Journal of Antibiotics，2013，38（9）：647‑651.
［27］LEONG Y K，MA T W，CHANG J S，et al. Recent advances and future directions on the valorization of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）：A review［J］.Bioresource Technology，2022，344（Pt A）：126157.
［28］KULSHRESHTHA S. Removal of pollutants using spent mushrooms substrates［J］. Environmental Chemistry Letters，2019，17（2）：833‑847.
［29] LUO X S，YUAN X F，WANG S Y，et al. Methane production and characteristics of the microbial community in the co‑digestion of spent mushroom substrate with dairy manure［J］. Bioresource Technology，2018，250：611‑620.
［30］VASILAKIS G，RIGOS E M，GIANNAKIS N，et al.Spent mushroom substrate hydrolysis and utilization as potential alternative feedstock for anaerobic co‑digestion［J］.Microorganisms，2023，11（2）：532‑549.
［31］LEE J，RYU D Y，JANG K H，et al. Influence of different pretreatment methods and conditions on the anaerobic digestion efficiency of spent mushroom substrate［J］. Sustainability，2022，14（23）：15854.
［32］赵自超，赵时锋，张宏启，等. 菌渣还田对设施瓜菜产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响［J］. 中国农学通报，2021，37（19）：112‑118.
ZHAO Z C，ZHAO S F，ZHANG H Q，et al. Effect of mushroom residue on cucumber and melon yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse［J］. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin，2021，37（19）：112‑118.
［33］HUANG Z D，GUAN H C，ZHENG H，et al. Novel liquid organic fertilizer：A potential way to effectively recycle spent mushroom substrate［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2022，376：134368

［34］朱丹，冯锐，陈学东，等. 菌渣有机肥的制备及其对西瓜产量和品质的影响［J］.江苏农业科学，2022，50（21）：145‑150.
ZHU D，FENG R，CHEN X D，et al. Preparation of organic fertilizer with bacterial residue and its effect on yield and quality of watermelon［J］.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2022，50（21）：145‑150.
［35］POLAT E，UZUN H I，TOPCUOGLU B，et al. Effects of spent mushroom compost on quality and productivity of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）grown in greenhouses［J］.African Journal of Biotechnology，2009，8（2）：176‑180.
［36］田曦.同利种养殖专业合作社“猪-沼-果（药）”生态循环农业生产模式研究［J］.中国食品，2024（12）：137‑139.
TIAN X. Study on the ecological circular agricultural production mode of “pig‑biogas‑fruit（medicine）” in Tongli planting and breeding professional cooperative［J］.China Food，2024（12）：137‑139.
［37］林黎.闽北地区菌渣资源化利用现状与展望［J］. 东南园艺，2022，10（4）：309‑316.
LIN L. Status and prospect of resource utilization of spent mushroom residue in northern Fujian［J］.Southeast Horticulture，2022，10（4）：309‑316.
［38］NETO M，OHANNESSIAN A，DELOLME C，et al.Towards an optimized protocol for measuring global dehydrogenase activity in storm‑water sediments（10 pp）［J］. Journal of Soils and Sediments，2007，7（2）：101‑110.
［39］RIBAS L C，DE MENDONÇA M M，CAMELINI C M，et al. Use of spent mushroom substrates from Agaricus subrufescens（syn.A.blazei，A.brasiliensis） and Lentinula edodes productions in the enrichment of a soil‑based potting media for lettuce（Lactuca sativa）cultivation：Growth promotion and soil bioremediation［J］. Bioresource Technology，2009， 100 （20）：4750‑4757.

［40］齐广耀，李增安，左杰，等. 大球盖菇菌渣改良滨海盐碱土试验［J］. 山东农业科学，2020，52（4）：126‑130.
QI G Y，LI Z A，ZUO J，et al. Improvement of coastal saline alkali soil with waste material of cultured Stropharia rugosoannulata［J］. Shandong Agricultural Sciences，2020，52（4）：126‑130.
［41］CARPIO M J，ANDRADES M S，HERRERO‑HERNÁNDEZ E，et al.Changes in vineyard soil parameters after repeated application of organic‑inorganic amendments based on spent mushroom substrate［J］.Environmental Research，2023，221：115339.
［42］WANG A D，ZOU D S，XU Z H，et al. Combined effects of spent mushroom substrate and dicyandiamide on carbendazim dissipation in soils：Double‑edged sword effects and potential risk controls［J］.Environmental Pollution，2023，319：120992.
［43］刘茜，龙勇，杨洋. 食用菌菌渣应用于反刍动物饲料的研究进展［J］.贵州畜牧兽医，2023，47（3）：39‑42.
LIU Q，LONG Y，YANG Y. Research progress on the application of edible mushroom residue in ruminant feed［J］.Guizhou Journal of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine，2023，47（3）：39‑42.
［44］VAN DOAN H，HOSEINIFAR S H，DAWOOD M A O，et al. Effects of Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate and Lactobacillus plantarum on mucosal，serum immunology and growth performance of Nile tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus）［J］.Fish & Shellfish Immunology，2017，70：87‑94.
［45］LI T H，ZHANG C R，CHE P F，et al.Recycling of spent mushroom substrate and food waste：Utilisation as feed materials for black soldier fly（Hermetia illucens L.）Diptera：Stratiomyidae）［J］.Journal of Insects as Food and Feed，2021，7（4）：409‑418.
［46］王雪东，李洪卓，刘嘉锟，等. 大球盖菇菌渣基质化利用及栽培黄瓜效果比较［J］.北方园艺，2022（12）：1‑7.
WANG X D，LI H Z，LIU J K，et al. Comparison of the matrix utilization of mushroom residue and effects of cultivating cucumbers［J］. Northern Horticulture，2022（12）：1‑7.
［47］ZHANG R H，DUAN Z Q，LI Z G. Use of spent mushroom substrate as growing media for tomato and cucumber seedlings［J］. Pedosphere，2012，22（3）：333‑342.
［48］GONZÁLEZ MATUTE R，FIGLAS D，CURVETTO N.Agaricus blazei production on non‑composted substrates based on sunflower seed hulls and spent oyster mushroom substrate［J］. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology，2011，27（6）：1331‑1339.
［49］ECONOMOU C N， DIAMANTOPOULOU P A，PHILIPPOUSSIS A N. Valorization of spent oyster mushroom substrate and laccase recovery through successive solid state cultivation of Pleurotus，Ganoderma，and Lentinula strains［J］. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology，2017，101（12）：5213‑5222.
［50］任海霞，任鹏飞，万鲁长，等. 利用杏鲍菇菌渣与玉米芯栽培草菇配方筛选［J］.山东农业科学，2019，51（5）：56‑58.
REN H X，REN P F，WAN L Z，et al.Formula selection of Volvariella volvacea cultivation using Pleurotus eryngii residue and corncob［J］.Shandong Agricultural Sciences，2019，51（5）：56‑58.
［51］DEDOUSI M，MELANOURI E M，KARAYANNIS D，et al.Utilization of spent substrates and waste products of mushroom cultivation to produce new crops of Pleurotus ostreatus，Pleurotus eryngii and Agaricus bisporus［J］.Carbon Resources Conversion，2024，7（2）：100196.
［52］WU J G，ZHANG T，CHEN C Y，et al. Spent substrate of Ganodorma lucidum as a new bio‑adsorbent for adsorption of three typical dyes［J］.Bioresource Technology，2018，266：134‑138.
［53］郭远，宋爽，高琪，等. 食用菌菌渣资源化利用进展［J］.食用菌学报，2022，29（2）：103‑114.
GUO Y，SONG S，GAO Q，et al. Progress in utilization of spent mushroom substrate［J］. Acta Edulis Fungi，2022，29（2）：103‑114.
［54］丁寅寅，刘明广. 食用菌菌渣中酶的利用研究［J］. 吉林工程技术师范学院学报，2016，32（2）：89‑91.
DING Y Y，LIU M G. A study on the utilization of enzymes in edible mushroom dregs［J］. Journal of Jilin Teachers Institute of Engineering and Technology，2016，32（2）：89‑91.
［55］ZHOU J J，GE W，ZHANG X M，et al. Effects of spent mushroom substrate on the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soil［J］.Chemosphere，2020，259：127462.
［56］TREJO‑HERNANDEZ M R，LOPEZ‑MUNGUIA A，QUINTERO RAMIREZ R.Residual compost of Agaricus bisporus as a source of crude laccase for enzymic oxidation of phenolic compounds［J］.Process Biochemistry，2001，36（7）：635‑639.
［57］GARCÍA‑DELGADO C，D’ANNIBALE A，PESCIAROLI L，et al. Implications of polluted soil biostimulation and bioaugmentation with spent mushroom substrate（Agaricus bisporus）on the microbial community and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2015，508：20‑28.
［58］ECONOMOU C N，PHILIPPOUSSIS A N，DIAMANTOPOULOU P A. Spent mushroom substrate for a second cultivation cycle of Pleurotus mushrooms and dephenolization of agro‑industrial wastewaters［J］.FEMS Microbiology Letters，2020，367（8）：fnaa060.
［59］范荣荣.食用菌菌渣中含漆酶粗酶液对农药六六六的降解作用研究［D］. 南京：南京农业大学，2020.
FAN R R.Degradation of HCH by laccase fxtracts in mushroom residue［D］. Nanjing：Nanjing Agricultural University，2020.
［60］董磊，常加富，杜巍涛，等. 废食用菌棒循环流化床气化试验［J］.化工进展，2020，39（7）：2606‑2611.
DONG L，CHANG J F，DU W T，et al. Experiment of gasification of edible fungi residues in circulating fluidized‑bed［J］. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2020，39（7）：2606‑2611.
［61］成亮，周建斌，章一蒙，等. 糠醛渣和废菌棒的热解气化多联产再利用［J］. 农业工程学报，2017，33（21）：231‑236.
CHENG L，ZHOU J B，ZHANG Y M，et al.Re‑utilization of furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags by multi‑production gasification technology［J］.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2017，33（21）：231‑236.
［62］马中青，薛俊杰，袁世震，等. 生物质气化联产燃气和炭的研究进展［J］.林产化学与工业，2023，43（3）：145‑159.
MA Z Q，XUE J J，YUAN S Z，et al. Progress of co‑production of gas and char from biomass gasification［J］. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products，2023，43（3）：145‑159.
［63］HONG C，WANG Z Q，SI Y X，et al. Effects of aqueous phase circulation and catalysts on hydrothermal liquefaction （HTL） of penicillin residue（PR）：Characteristics of the aqueous phase，solid residue and bio oil［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2021，776：145596.
［64］钟旭东. 村镇生活垃圾与生物质共气化过程模拟及示范工程研究［D］. 武汉：华中科技大学，2021.
ZHONG X D. Study on process simulation and the demonstration project of co‑gasification of rural solid waste and biomass［D］.Wuhan：Huazhong University of Science and Technology，2021.
［65］牛文娟，黄金芝，钟菲，等. 不同水热条件对秸秆微波水热碳化产物组成和结构特性影响［J］.农业工程学报，2019，35（10）：205‑213.
NIU W J，HUANG J Z，ZHONG F，et al. Effects of different hydrothermal conditions on compositions and structural characteristics of microwave‑assisted hydrothermal carbonization products from crop residues［J］.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2019，35（10）：205‑213.
［66］易为，刘慧慧，王贤华. 洗涤预处理对玉米秸秆在二氧化碳气氛下水热转化的影响［J］.农业工程学报，2024，40（14）：162‑170.
YI W，LIU H H，WANG X H. Effects of washing pretreatment on the hydrothermal conversion of maize stover under CO2 atmosphere［J］.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2024，40（14）：162‑170.
［67］WAN C X， LI Y B. Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass［J］. Biotechnology Advances，2012，30（6）：1447‑1457.
［68］张勇，李青，郑志豪，等. 榆黄蘑菌渣中漆酶的提取、酶学性质及应用［J］. 食品与机械，2024，40（10）：188‑194.
ZHANG Y，LI Q，ZHENG Z H，et al. Extraction，enzymatic properties and application of laccase from Pleurotus citrinopileatus residue ［J］. Food &Machinery，2024，40（10）：188‑194.
［69］徐兵，尹瑞，王喆，等. 响应面优化微波辅助提取海鲜菇废菌棒中多糖工艺［J］.食品研究与开发，2017，38（17）：88‑92.
XU B，YIN R，WANG Z，et al. Study on the microwave‑assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Hypsizygus marmoreus waste substrate by response surface methodology［J］. Food Research and Development，2017，38（17）：88‑92.
［70］NURADIBAH M A，MASYITAH Z，SAM S T，et al.Bioprotein optimization from spent mushroom substrate for fish feed application［C］//2nd international conference on materials engineering & science（IConMEAS 2019）.Baghdad，Iraq：AIP Publishing，2020：020270.
［71］KANG D S，MIN K J，KWAK A M，et al. Defense response and suppression of Phytophthora blight disease of pepper by water extract from spent mushroom substrate of Lentinula edodes［J］. Plant Pathology Journal，2017，33（3）：264‑275.
［72］王秋颖，张薇薇，张国庆，等. 食用菌菌渣高温堆肥中木质纤维素高效降解菌的分离、鉴定与降解活性［J］.应用与环境生物学报，2024，30（5）：1015‑1025.
WANG Q Y，ZHANG W W，ZHANG G Q，et al.Isolation，identification，and degradation activity of efficiency lignocellulosic‑degrading microorganism in high‑temperature composting of spent mushroom substrate［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology，2024，30（5）：1015‑1025.
［73］FUJITA R，YOKONO M，UBE N，et al. Suppression of Alternaria brassicicola infection by volatile compounds from spent mushroom substrates［J］.Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering，2021，132（1）：25‑32.
［74］杨其玉，彭斌，王桂卿. 食用菌菌渣制浆性能的研究［J］.中华纸业，2019，40（24）：39‑43.
YANG Q Y，PENG B，WANG G Q. A research on pulping properties of the edible fungus residue［J］.China Pulp & Paper Industry，2019，40（24）：39‑43.
［75］山东省造纸工业研究设计院. 一种食用菌菌渣的制浆方法：201910744142. 1［P］. 2019‑11‑15.
Shandong Paper Industry Research and Design Institute. A pulping method of the edible fungus residue：201910744142. 1［P］. 2019‑11‑15.
［76］HANEEF M，CESERACCIU L，CANALE C，et al.Advanced materials from fungal Mycelium：Fabrication and tuning of physical properties［J］. Scientific Reports，2017，7：41292.
［77］DIAS P P，JAYASINGHE L B，WALDMANN D.Investigation of Mycelium‑Miscanthus composites as building insulation material［J］. Results in Materials，2021，10：100189.
［78］KHOO S C，PENG W X，YANG Y，et al. Development of formaldehyde‑free bio‑board produced from mushroom Mycelium and substrate waste［J］.Journal of Hazardous Materials，2020，400：123296.
［79］SHAKIR M A，AHMAD M I，YUSUP Y，et al. Sandwich composite panel from spent mushroom substrate fiber and empty fruit bunch fiber for potential green thermal insulation［J］. Buildings，2023，13（1）：224.
［80］WANG Y C，RAN Z H，TAN X R，et al. Study on the biological materials produced by Phellinus igniarius fermenting spent mushroom substrate and corn cob［J］.IOP Conference Series：Earth and Environmental Science，2019，252（2）：022083.
［81］SCHRITT H，VIDI S，PLEISSNER D. Spent mushroom substrate and sawdust to produce Mycelium‑based thermal insulation composites［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，313：127910.
［82］CHEN G Y，YU H D，LIN F W，et al. Utilization of edible fungi residues towards synthesis of high‑performance porous carbon for effective sorption of Cl‑VOCs［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2020，727：138475.
［83］刘健，邵玉芳. 香菇菌糠对重金属离子的吸附作用［J］. 江苏农业学报，2016，32（6）：1336‑1343.
LIU J，SHAO Y F. Biosorption of several heavy metal ions by Lentinus edodes spent substrate［J］.Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences，2016，32（6）：1336‑1343.
［84］李红艳，严铁尉，崔建国，等. 废菌渣活性炭的制备及对废水中硝基苯的吸附［J］.化工进展，2020，39（11）：4702‑4707.
LI H Y，YAN T W，CUI J G，et al. Preparation of mushroom residue activated carbon and its adsorption mechanism of nitrobenzene in waste water［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2020，39（11）：4702‑4707.

［85］李思苇，Sarfraz RUBAB，杨文浩，等. 炭化温度和时间对不同废菌棒生物炭结构性质的影响［J］.福建农业学报，2019，34（10）：1211‑1220.
LI S W，RUBAB S，YANG W H，et al. Effect of pyrolysis temperature and time on structure of biochar made from discarded mushroom stems［J］.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences，2019，34（10）：1211‑1220.

［86］DAI Y J，LI J J，SHAN D X. Adsorption of tetracycline in aqueous solution by biochar derived from waste Auricularia auricula dregs［J］. Chemosphere，2020，238：124432.

［87］LLOYD M，KLUEPFEL D，GORDON T. Evaluation of four commercial composts on strawberry plant productivity and soil characteristics in California［J］.International Journal of Fruit Science，2016，16（S1）：84‑107.

［88］耿和田，王旭东，石思博，等. 菌渣与化肥配施对稻田土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的影响［J］.环境科学，2023，44（4）：2338‑2347.
GENG H T，WANG X D，SHI S B，et al. Effects of combined application of fungal residue and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial community composition and diversity in paddy soil［J］. Environmental Science，2023，44（4）：2338‑2347.

[1]	CAI Zongcheng, LÜ Liangyu, LIU Qingqing, ZHANG Hairong, LI Fayi, BAO Shancun, FU Shouquan, SHI Jianjun. Effect of Fertilization and Planting Density on Yield，Quality of Oat Forage and Soil Physicochemical Property [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 30-39.
[2]	CHENG Jianxin, TIAN Jiachun, GE Xia, ZHAO Bingxin. Preparation and Properties of Resistant Starch from Potato by Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Method [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(2): 174-180.
[3]	CHE Qifeng, CHEN Xingyue, HU Tingting, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jing, HUANG Wenjie, TU Qihong. Analysis of Utilization Potential of Major Crop Straws and Livestock Manure in Jiangxi Province [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(12): 86-98.
[4]	TIAN Jingjie, CUI Erping, LIU Chuncheng, HU Chao, LI Zhongyang, CUI Bingjian. Application Status and Research Progress of Bioaugmentation Technology in Agricultural Waste Composting Treatment [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(11): 1-16.
[5]	REN Yuansen, ZHANG Haibo, CHENG Hongyan, WANG Yumeng, LUO Yuan, LIU Na. Effect of pH Value on Acid Production Characteristics and Microbial Community in Co‐Fermentation of Pig Manure and Spent Mushroom Substrate [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(5): 110-120.
[6]	CHEN Yan, WU Jian, MA Haibin, YANG Li, LIU Yingxue, LI Chengyu, LIU Tianxue, LI Chaohai, ZHAO Yali. Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Yield and Resource Utilization Efficiency of Summer Maize [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(3): 36-47.
[7]	ZHANG Xueling, ZANG Chunhua, GUO Ruyue, DUAN Yichao, WANG Yangang, GUO Zhongxin, ZHANG Zhenzhong, REN Xueling. Effects of Biological Fertilizer on Rhizosphere and Endophytic Bacterial Community of Panax notoginseng with Continuous Cropping Disorder [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(12): 78-91.
[8]	FENG Xiangzhao, TIAN Yucong, GAO Zhenzhen, WANG Haowen, LIU Zhangyong, ZHU Bo. Effects of Sowing Date and Variety on Utilization Efficiencies of Light,Temperature and Water under Rice-Shrimp System [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(5): 48-54.
[9]	ZHANG Guosheng, YAN Meng, CHENG Hongyan, ZHANG Haibo, OH Kokyo, CHANG Jianning, HUANG Fei, HE Xiaofang, SU Long, GAO Jianyong. Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate Biochar on Soil Cu Form and Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Beet in Sewage Irrigation Areas [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(12): 60-68.